[The preventive effect of total saponins of Panax japonicus on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy].

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of total saponins of Panax japonicus (SPJ) on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced intestinal injuries in mice. Methods NSAID-induced intestinal mucosal damaged models were established by intragastric administration of 5 mg/mL diclofenac sodium in mice for continuous 2 days. Since 4 days before the modeling, the mice in the experimental group were given SPJ once a day for 6 days. The small intestinal mucosal permeability was detected by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-DT) and Evans blue staining. The small intestinal mucosal lesions were observed by HE staining; immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress response protein glucose transporter protein 78 (GRP78) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the intestinal mucosal epithelial cells. Results In the model group, small intestinal mucosal injury was serious. Evans blue staining and FITC-DT labeling showed the blue spots were denser and mucosal permeability increased significantly in the model group. HE staining revealed the intestinal mucosal villus degeneration, necrosis, shedding, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the model group, which meant the intestinal mucosal damage models were successfully established. And different concentrations of SPJ protected intestinal mucosa, meanwhile the expressions of GRP78 and TNF- α were significantly reduced in the intestinal epithelial cells as indicated by immunofluorescence staining. Conclusion There is a certain preventive effect of total SPJ on NSAID-induced intestinal injuries via the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.

[Preventive effect of misoprostol against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preventive effect of misoprostol against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced intestinal injury in mice. METHODS: NSAID-induced intestinal injury model was established through diclofenac sodium. Sixty specific-pathogen-free (SPF) BABL/c male mice were randomly divided into the following five groups: normal, model and three misoprostol groups with different concentrations (200, 400, 800 µg/kg). Misoprostol was given to aforementioned three misoprostol groups by gavage once a day for 6 days. In the fourth day afternoon, 5 mg/kg (10 mL/kg) diclofenac was fed to all mice by gavage except for normal group. On the seventh day, all mice were sacrificed and intestinal permeability was detected using FITC labeled dextran. The intestinal tissues were taken for detecting the mRNA and protein expressions of intestinal glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) through HE staining, reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, intestinal mucosa in the model group was seriously damaged and intestinal permeability significantly increased. The intestinal mucosal villus degeneration, necrosis, shedding, and inflammatory cell infiltration occurred in the model group. Yet, intestinal mucosal injury in different misoprostol groups was less severe. Their intestinal mucosal permeability was improved. The expressions of GRP78 protein and TNF-α, CHOP mRNAs on intestine were significantly reduced compared with those of the model group. CONCLUSION: Misoprostol has preventive effect against NSAID-induced intestinal diseases.

Risk factors for candida infection of the genital tract in the tropics.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors associated with candida infection of the genital tract in the tropics. METHODS: We performed questionnaire survey and experiments at the Hainan branch of General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hainan General Hospital and Sanya Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in 2013. Controls were without Candida infection of genital tract, and cases had from Candida infection. RESULTS: We recruited 689 cases and 652 controls. The average age of cases with Candida infection of the genital tract was higher than that of controls. In the multivariate modeling, marriage (adjusted odds ratio: 2.49, 95% confidential interval: 1.09-5.67) and vaginal lavage (adjusted odds ratio: 4.41, 95% confidential interval: 1.13-5.14) were significantly associated with Candida infection of genital tract in tropics. CONCLUSION: Candida infection was related with age. Marriage and Vaginal lavage were significant risk factors. Attention should be paid to health education for the prevention of these infections.