[Modified Brisson surgery combined with skin flap clipping for the treatment of severe concealed penis in children].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of modified Brisson surgery combined with the skin flap clipping technique in the treatment of severe concealed penis in children. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 165 children with severely concealed penis treated in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2019, 105 by modified Brisson surgery combined with the skin flap clipping technique and the other 60 by modified Devine surgery, all the operations performed by the same surgeon. We compared the two surgical strategies concerning operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative increase of penile exposure, preputial edema duration, flap necrosis and penile retraction, and satisfaction of the patients' parents with the overall surgical effect. RESULTS: No injury of the dorsal nerve or urethra, nor postoperative refractory prepuce edema or painful erection was found in any of the cases. The patients treated by modified Brisson surgery, in comparison with those treated by modified Devine surgery, showed significantly less intraoperative blood loss (ï¼»8.4 ± 1.60ï¼½ vs ï¼»12.6 ± 2.10ï¼½ ml, P < 0.05), more postoperative increase of penile exposure (ï¼»2.7 ± 0.29ï¼½ vs ï¼»2.3 ± 0.22ï¼½ cm, P < 0.05), fewer cases of flap necrosis (1 vs 4, P < 0.05) and higher rate of satisfaction with the overall surgical effect (94.9% vs 84.5%, P < 0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between the former and the latter groups in the operation time (ï¼»48.3 ± 4.1ï¼½ vs ï¼»48.1 ± 5.0ï¼½ min, P > 0.05) or the postoperative duration of prepuce edema (ï¼»3.3 ± 0.93ï¼½ vs ï¼»3.2 ± 0.90ï¼½ d, P > 0.05) or number of cases of penile retraction at 6 months (1 vs 1, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Modified Brisson surgery combined with the skin flap clipping technique can achieve satisfactory results in the treatment of severe concealed penis in children and therefore deserves to be popularized in clinical application.

[Effects of winter cropping mode on soil organic carbon and carbon management index of double rice paddy]. / 双季稻田冬季种植模式对土壤有机碳和碳库管理指数的影响.

To explore the effects of winter crops recycling into paddy field on soil carbon pool, we cultivated rape, Chinese milk vetch, ryegrass and potato in winter season after harvesting double-season rice, with fallow as control (CK). The contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and labile organic carbon (LOC) in the harvest of early and late rice were measured, and the stable carbon, activity of carbon pool, carbon pool index, carbon pool activity index and carbon pool management index (CMI) were calculated. Results showed that winter cover crops returning increased SOC content by 1%-8% and 3%-18% after harvest of early rice and late rice, respectively in comparison with CK. Cultivating rape, Chinese milk vetch and ryegrass all increased the LOC content, with enhancement of 16.2%-84.2% and 24.4%-28.1% after harvest of early rice and late rice, respectively. The CMI of all winter crop treatments presented a growth ratio of 1.4%-41.8% compared to CK. In conclusion, the cultivation of winter crop and recycling to field promoted soil carbon fixation and soil quality, among which the ryegrass and Chinese milk vetch showed better comprehensive effect.

[Differences and Relationship Between Rhizosphere Characteristics and Methane Emissions of Double-cropping Rice Variety].

Six field varieties of early rice and late rice were selected as test materials for field experiments to explore the difference in CH4 emissions among different rice varieties, and Static Obscura-Gas Chromatography was used to determine the CH4 gas. The results demonstrated a significant difference in the CH4 emissions flux between early and late rice varieties. The average yield of total fertility CH4 emissions was highest in Xiangzaoxian 24 and lowest in Zhuliangyou 819, with a difference of 34.6%. Of the late rice varieties, Tyou 15 was the highest and the Ziyou 299 was the lowest, with a difference of 33.9%. Differences in CH4 emissions and the greenhouse effect of unit yields between different double cropping rice varieties differed significantly. The cumulative CH4 emissions from early rice varieties ranged from 198.3-303.44 kg·hm-2, and the lowest emissions were from Zhuliangyou 819. The greenhouse effect per yield ranged from 0.67 to 1.40 kg·kg-1, and Luliangyou 996 had the lowest emission value. The late-season rice varieties exhibited significantly higher cumulative CH4 emissions compared to early rice, ranging from 291.93 to 388.28 kg·hm-2, and Ziyou 299 had the lowest emission value. The greenhouse effect of per yields rice varieties, while the late rice varieties were contrary to early rice. Reducing carbon and nitrogen concentrations in the rhizosphere and increasing Eh values could reduce CH4 emissions.