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OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to compare a lactulose oral solution with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) formulation for colonoscopy preparation using the following metrics: quality of cleansing, colonoscopy outcomes, patient/physician satisfaction, and patient tolerability. METHODS: The enrolled patients were randomly divided into two groups and received a single 2 L dose of either PEG (PEG group) or lactulose (Lac group). The Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) was used for assessing the cleansing quality of the bowel preparations. Patient tolerability and adverse events were obtained through the completion of questionnaires. RESULTS: The lactulose oral solution showed superior bowel cleansing compared to PEG, as evidenced by higher BBPS scores in the Lac group for all segments of the colon (P < 0.05). The detection rates of polyps and intestinal lesions in the Lac group (30.68% and 36.36%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the PEG group (12.50% vs. 13.63%, respectively). For the degree of satisfaction, the Lac group had significantly higher scores compared to the PEG group, as evaluated by both the patients and endoscopist. PEG was associated with an increased incidence of nausea. There were no statistical differences between the groups in terms of vomiting, abdominal pain or fullness, dizziness, unfavorable palatability, dry mouth, palpitation, tinnitus, and tongue numbness. CONCLUSION: A single 2 L dose of a lactulose oral solution had higher efficacy, improved tolerability, and acceptable safety for bowel preparation when compared to the same volume of PEG. Thus, a lactulose oral solution may be a potential bowel-cleansing option for colonoscopy preparation.
RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate percutaneous reduction by Kirschner pin and internal fixation with cancellous screw and plate through minimal incision at the lateral side of heel for the treatment of intra-articular displacement fracture of calcaneus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September 2009 to June 2012, 80 patients with close intra-articular displacement fractures of calcaneus were divided into treatment group and control group. There were 40 patients in the control group, including 21 males and 19 females, ranging in age from 23 to 64 years old, averaged (39.1 +/-11.7) years old; and the patients were treated with fixation by compress screws and plates of self-broken type. There were 40 patients in the treatment group, including 24 males and 16 females,ranging in age from 21 to 67 years old, averaged (39.6+/-14.3) years old;and the patients were treated with full thread cancellous screws and plates fixation. The fixation time,intra-operative blood loss and the number of injured medial plntar nerve were compared between the two groups. The Böhler angle, Gissane angle and the correction degree of calcaneal width were measured at 1 year after operation. The internal fixators were taken out after 1 year. The AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was used to evaluate therapeutic effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up,and the duration ranged from 9 to 32 months, with a mean of 16 months. There were shorter operation time, less injury, satisfactory postoperative Böhler angle and calcaneal width in treatment group compared with control group,which reduced the medial neurovascular injuries, and the plate was easily removed after fracture healing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Full thread cancellous screws and plate fixation for the treatment of calcaneal fractures could get same therapeutic effects as compress screws and plate of self-broken type fixation, and also has follow advantages: shortening the operation time, reducing blood loss, easily to be removed, avoiding the medial neurovascular damage, reducing the incidence of complications.</p>
