Research progress in the risk factors and mechanisms of postoperative atrial fibrillation after lung cancer surgery / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequent complication occurring in patients after lung cancer surgery.POAF is associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity,and increases the costs of the postoperative care.The underlying mechanisms involved in POAF development are multifactorial and for the moment far from being fully elucidated.This review summarized recent clinical researches on the risk factors and mechanisms of POAF,the results of which may lead to a more effective strategy for the prevention of POAF after lung cancer surgery.

[Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in natural evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Rainy Area of West China]. / 模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区天然常绿阔叶林土壤微生物生物量碳和氮的影响.

To understand the effects of increasing nitrogen deposition on soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen(MBN), an in situ experiment was conducted in a natural evergreen broad-leaved forest in Ya'an City, Sichuan Province. Four levels of nitrogen deposition were set: i.e., control (CK, 0 g N·m-2·a-1), low nitrogen (L, 5 g N·m-2·a-1), medium nitrogen (M, 15 g N·m-2·a-1), and high nitrogen (H, 30 g N·m-2·a-1). The results indicated that nitrogen deposition significantly decreased MBC and MBN in the 0-10 cm soil layer, and as N de-position increased, the inhibition effect was enhanced. L and M treatments had no significant effect on MBC and MBN in the 10-20 cm soil layer, while H treatment significantly reduced. The influence of N deposition on MBC and MBN was weakened with the increase of soil depth. MBC and MBN had obvious seasonal dynamic, which were highest in autumn and lowest in summer both in the 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers. The fluctuation ranges of soil microbial biomass C/N were respectively 10.58-11.19 and 9.62-12.20 in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers, which indicated that the fungi hold advantage in the soil microbial community in this natural evergreen broad-leaved forest.

Risk factors of mortality in severe chest trauma patients / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the risk factors of mortality in patients with severe chest trauma (SCT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 777 SCT [abbreviated injury scale (AIS) ≥3] patients who were treated in the Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from January 2006 to April 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to explore 15 possible mortality-related risk factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven factors were found to be correlated with the mortality of SCT: age, hemorrhagic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), pulmonary infection, abdominal organ injury, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, and thorax AIS score. Among them five factors were the independent factors that might increase the mortality of SCT: hemorrhagic shock (B=1.710, OR=1.291, P=0.001), MODS (B=3.453, OR=1.028, P<0.001), pulmonary infection (B=2.396, OR=10.941, P<0.001), abdominal organ injury (B=1.542, OR=1.210, P=0.005), and thorax AIS score ≥4 (B=0.487, OR=1.622, P<0.001). Two factors showed protective effects: age ≤60 years (B=-0.035, OR=0.962, P=0.01) and GCS score ≥12 (B=-0.635, OR=0.320, P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Age, disease severity, and complications (hemorrhagic shock, MODS, and pulmonary infection) are independent risk factors of the mortality of SCT. Effective treatment programs targeting these risk factors may improve the outcomes of SCT patients.</p>

Prevalence and mortality of severe chest trauma in Three Gorges Area of China / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the epidemiological features of severe chest trauma (SCT) and investigate the risk factor of its mortality in the Three Gorges Area of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 1834 SCT patients who were admitted in three hospitals in this area from January 1990 to December 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Th epidemiological features of SCT were analyzed using a database. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to analyze 15 possible risk factors affecting mortality.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The morbidity rates of blunt trauma (68.5% vs. 74.7%,p=0.006) and sharp instrument injury (12.2% vs. 15.9%,p=0.039) showed significant differences before and after 2000. The pre-hospital time [(3.45±2.38)h vs. (2.20±4.39)h,p<0.01] and transfer rate (32.39% vs. 36.80%,p=0.01) significantly improved. The thoracic Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS)(3.56±0.71vs. 3.43±0.58,p<0.01)score and Revised Trauma Score (RTS)(7.14±2.18 vs. 6.93±1.07,p<0.01) significantly increased. Treatment for pulmonary infection (12.63±4.79 vs. 17.16±6.41,p=0.019) and hemorrhagic shock (2.4±0.75 vs. 3.4±1.34,p=0.008 )was significantly improved. The leading cause of death was hypovolemic shock (59.41%). The independent rik factors of death among these SCT patients included: hemorrhagic shock (B=1.710,OR=1.291,p=0.001), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (B=3.453,OR=1.028,p<0.001), pulmonary infection(B=2.396,OR=10.941,p<0.001), abdominal organ injury(B=1.542,OR=1.210,p=0.005), and thorax AIS(B=0.487,OR=1.622,p<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prevalence of SCT shows an increasing trend in the Three Gorges Area in recent years, but with a decreased rate of complications and improved treatment. Age, complications, thorax AIS, and GCS are useful prognostic indicators.</p>

Association between the polymorphisms of cluster of differentiation 14 gene promoters and the susceptibility of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome after severe chest trauma / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the polymorphisms of cluster of differentiation 14(CD14)gene promoters and explore whether such polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) in Chongqing population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The single nucleotide polymorphisms of the promoter region of CD14 gene at position -1145 and -159 were detected using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in 106 patients with severe chest trauma, among whom 47 were with MODS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Trauma patients carrying G allele tended to have a higher risk of MODS than those carrying A allele at position-1145, the MODS scores in trauma patients carrying G allele were significantly higher than those carrying A allele (P=0.217 for dominant effect and P=0.037 for recessive effect), and the MODS scores in trauma patients carrying T allele were significantly higher than those carrying C allele at position -159 (P=0.048 for dominant effect and P=0.198 for recessive effect). The genotypes of CD14 gene at positions -1145 and -159 were significantly correlated with the MODS scores (P=0.043,P=0.046). Compare with single-point mutation, simultaneous two-point mutation had significantly higher risk of MODS (Pü0.01), while the difference of MODS scores showed no statistical significance (P=0.239).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The polymorphisms of CD14 gene promoters are associated with MODS after severe chest trauma in Chongqing population.</p>