Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of quinoa BBX family.

BBX is a transcription factor encoding zinc finger protein that plays a key role in plant growth and development as well as in responding to abiotic stresses. However, in quinoa, which is known as a "super grain" and has extremely high nutritional value, this gene family has not yet been thoroughly studied. In this study, in order to fully understand the family function of the BBX in quinoa, a total of 31 BBX members were identified by bioinformatics methods. These BBX members were mainly acidic proteins, and most of their secondary structures were random coil s, 31 CqBBX members were unevenly distributed on 17 chromosomes, and the analysis of replication events found that quinoa BBX genes produced a total of 14 pairs of gene replication. The BBX genes were divided into five subfamilies according to phylogenetics, and its gene structure and conserved motif were basically consistent with the classification of its phylogenetic tree. In addition, a total of 43 light response elements, hormone response elements, tissue-specific expression response elements, and abiotic stress response elements were found in the promoter region, involving stress elements such as drought and low temperature. Finally, the expression patterns of CqBBX genes in different tissues and abiotic stresses were studied by combining transcriptome data and qRT-PCR , and all 13 genes responded to drought, salt, and low-temperature stress to varying degrees. This study is the first comprehensive study of the BBX family of quinoa, and its results provide important clues for further analysis of the function of the abiotic stress response.

Identification of the CIPK-CBL family gene and functional characterization of CqCIPK14 gene under drought stress in quinoa.

BACKGROUND: Calcineurin-like Protein (CBL) and CBL interacting protein kinase (CIPK) play a key role in plant signal transduction and response to various environmental stimuli. Quinoa, as an important plant with high nutritional value, can meet the basic nutritional needs of human Cash crop, is also susceptible to abiotic stress. However, CBL-CIPK in quinoa have not been reported. RESULTS: In this study, 16 CBL and 41 CIPK genes were identified in quinoa. CBL-CIPK gene shows different intron-exon gene structure and motif, they participate in different biological processes, and form a complex regulatory network between CBL-CIPK proteins. Many cis-regulatory element associated with ABA and drought have been found. The expression patterns of CBL-CIPK showed different expression patterns in various abiotic stresses and tissues. RT-qPCR showed that most members of these two gene families were involved in drought regulation of quinoa, in particular, the expression levels of CqCIPK11, CqCIPK15, CqCIPK37 and CqCBL13 increased significantly under drought stress. CONCLUSIONS: The structures and functions of the CBL-CIPK family in quinoa were systematically explored. Many CBL-CIPK may play vital roles in the regulation of organ development, growth, and responses to abiotic stresses. This research has great significance for the functional characterisation of the quinoa CBL-CIPK family and our understanding of the CBL-CIPK family in higher plants.

Progress of tumor treating fields for glioma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Glioma is a common primary malignant brain neoplasms which is characterized with easy recurrence and poor prognosis. The overall survival of glioma patients is not satisfying. Tumor treating fields (TTFields) is an emerging low-toxicity treatment for solid neoplasms, and its technical basis is to form an anti-tumor electric field in a specific area. TTFields can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells through inhibiting cell mitosis, replicating stress, inducing autophagy and apoptosis, and inhibiting DNA damage and repair, and induce the cell death without affecting normal cells in the resting phase. At present, TTFields has been approved for various types of gliomas and is gradually becoming an effective treatment protocol for glioma following surgery, radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. Many preclinical and clinical studies have confirmed that TTFields inhibits glioma cells and significantly increases the overall survival rates of patients.This paper reviews the progress of related researches.

Reopening International Borders without Quarantine: Contact Tracing Integrated Policy against COVID-19

With the COVID-19 vaccination widely implemented in most countries, propelled by the need to revive the tourism economy, there is a growing prospect for relieving the social distancing regulation and reopening borders in tourism-oriented countries and regions. The need incentivizes stakeholders to develop border control strategies that fully evaluate health risks if mandatory quarantines are lifted. In this study, we have employed a computational approach to investigate the contact tracing integrated policy in different border reopening scenarios in Hong Kong, China. Built on a modified SEIR epidemic model with a 30% vaccination coverage, the results suggest that scenarios with digital contact tracing and quick isolation intervention can reduce the infectious population by 92.11% compared to those without contact tracing. By further restricting the inbound population with a 10,000 daily quota and applying moderate-to-strong community non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs), the average daily confirmed cases in the forecast period of 60 days can be well controlled at around 9 per day (95% CI: 7-12). Two main policy recommendations are drawn from the study. First, digital contact tracing would be an effective countermeasure for reducing local virus spread, especially when it is applied along with a moderate level of vaccination coverage. Second, implementing a daily quota on inbound travelers and restrictive community NPIs would further keep the local infection under control. This study offers scientific evidence and prospective guidance for developing and instituting plans to lift mandatory border control policies in preparing for the global economic recovery.

Clinical effects of two different enteral nutritional emulsions in elderly patients with severe pneumonia / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of two enteral nutritional emulsions, TP-HE and TPF, in elderly patients with severe pneumonia.Methods:This was a randomized study with contemporaneous controls.A total of 56 elderly patients over 65 years old who met the diagnostic criteria for severe pneumonia and were receiving insulin were enrolled.They were randomly divided into the observation group(n=28, enteral TPF-HE at a uniform rate through a nasogastric tube)and the control group(n=28 cases, enteral TPF at a uniform rate through a nasogastric tube). The total daily energy supply was calculates based on the ideal weights of patients.Prealbumin(PA), serum albumin(ALB), body mass index(BMI)and hemoglobin(Hb)were continuously measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days after treatment.The effects of the enteral nutritional emulsions in elderly patients with severe pneumonia were analyzed by using repeated measures analysis of variance in a general linear model.Results:There was no significant difference in PA(244.5±55.1)mg/L vs.(237.8±40.4)mg/L, ALB(37.6±5.6)mg/L vs.(38.3±5.5)mg/L, BMI(21.9±0.2)kg/m 2vs.(22.4±0.2)kg/m 2)or Hb(104.4±26.8)mg/L vs.(103.6±25.6)mg/L between the TP-HE group and the TPF group before admission( P>0.05). The energy received from the enteral nutritional emulsions was not significantly different between the TP-HE group and the TPF group(79.8±4.8)kcal/d vs.(79.3±6.6)kcal/d( P>0.05). PA and serum ALB levels had significant differences between the TP-HE group and the TPF group at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days after treatment( P<0.01 or 0.05). Increases in PA and serum ALB levels varied at certain time points between the TP-HE group and the TPF group.Hb levels had no significant difference at 1 and 2 days( P>0.05), but were significantly different at other time points between the two groups( P<0.01). There was no significant difference in BMI between the two groups( F=1.709, P>0.05). Conclusions:Both of the enteral nutrition emulsions can improve PA, ALB and Hb levels, with TP-HE offering more significant effects on PA, ALB and Hb levels.There is no difference in BMI at any time point whether patients receive TP-HE or TPF.

Compliance and containment in social distancing: mathematical modeling of COVID-19 across townships

In the early development of COVID-19, large-scale preventive measures, such as border control and air travel restrictions, were implemented to slow international and domestic transmissions. When these measures were in full effect, new cases of infection would be primarily induced by community spread, such as the human interaction within and between neighboring cities and towns, which is generally known as the meso-scale. Existing studies of COVID-19 using mathematical models are unable to accommodate the need for meso-scale modeling, because of the unavailability of COVID-19 data at this scale and the different timings of local intervention policies. In this respect, we propose a meso-scale mathematical model of COVID-19 using town-level infection data in the state of Connecticut. We consider the spatial interaction in terms of the inter-town travel in the model. Based on the developed model, we evaluated how different strengths of social distancing policy enforcement may impact future epidemic curves based on two evaluative metrics: compliance and containment. The developed model and the simulation results will establish the foundation for community-level assessment and better preparation for COVID-19.

The effects of border control and quarantine measures on global spread of COVID-19

The rapid expansion of coronavirus (COVID-19) has been observed in many parts of the world. Many newly reported cases of this new coronavirus during early outbreak phases have been associated with travel history from an epidemic region (identified as imported cases). For those cases without travel history, the risk of wider spreads through community contact is even higher. However, most population models assume a homogeneous infected population without considering that the imported and secondary cases contracted by the imported cases can pose a different risk to community spread. We have developed an "easy-to-use" mathematical framework extending from a meta-population model embedding city-to-city connections to stratify the dynamics of transmission waves caused by imported, secondary, and others from an outbreak source region when control measures are considered. Using the dynamics of the secondary cases, we are able to determine the probability of community spread. Using the top 10 visiting cities from Wuhan in China as an example, we first demonstrated that the arrival time and the dynamics of the outbreaks at these cities can be successfully predicted under the reproductive number R0 = 2.92 and latent period{tau} = 5.2 days. Next, we showed that although control measures can gain extra 32.5 and 44.0 days in arrival time through a high intensive border control measure and a shorter time to quarantine under a low R0 (1.4), if the R0 is higher (2.92), only 10 extra days can be gained for each of the same measures. This suggests the importance of lowering the incidence at source regions together with infectious disease control measures in susceptible regions. The study allows us to assess the effects of border control and quarantine measures on the emergence and the global spread in a fully connected world using the dynamics of the secondary cases.

Spatially Explicit Modeling of 2019-nCoV Epidemic Trend based on Mobile Phone Data in Mainland China

As of February 11, 2020, all prefecture-level cities in mainland China have reported confirmed cases of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), but the city-level epidemical dynamics is unknown. The aim of this study is to model the current dynamics of 2019-nCoV at city level and predict the trend in the next 30 days under three possible scenarios in mainland China. We developed a spatially explicit epidemic model to consider the unique characteristics of the virus transmission in individual cities. Our model considered that the rate of virus transmission among local residents is different from those with Wuhan travel history due to the self-isolation policy. We introduced a decay rate to quantify the effort of each city to gradually control the disease spreading. We used mobile phone data to obtain the number of individuals in each city who have travel history to Wuhan. This city-level model was trained using confirmed cases up to February 10, 2020 and validated by new confirmed cases on February 11, 2020. We used the trained model to predict the future dynamics up to March 12, 2020 under different scenarios: the current trend maintained, control efforts expanded, and person-to-person contact increased due to work resuming. We estimated that the total infections in mainland China would be 72172, 54348, and 149774 by March 12, 2020 under each scenario respectively. Under the current trend, all cities will show the peak point of daily new infections by February 21. This date can be advanced to February 14 with control efforts expanded or postponed to February 26 under pressure of work resuming. Except Wuhan that cannot eliminate the disease by March 12, our model predicts that 95.4%, 100%, and 75.7% cities will have no new infections by the end of February under three scenarios. The spatial pattern of our prediction could help the government allocate resources to cities that have a more serious epidemic in the next 30 days.

Estimating the risk on outbreak spreading of 2019-nCoV in China using transportation data

A novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) was identified in Wuhan, China and has been causing an unprecedented outbreak in China. The spread of this novel virus can eventually become an international emergency. During the early outbreak phase in Wuhan, one of the most important public health tasks is to prevent the spread of the virus to other cities. Therefore, full-scale border control measures to prevent the spread of virus have been discussed in many nearby countries. At the same time, lockdown in Wuhan cityu (border control from leaving out) has been imposed. The challenge is that many people have traveled from Wuhan to other cities before the border control. Thus, it is difficult to forecast the number of imported cases at different cities and estimate their risk on outbreak emergence. Here, we have developed a mathematical framework incorporating city-to-city connections to calculate the number of imported cases of the novel virus from an outbreak source, and the cumulative number of secondary cases generated by the imported cases. We used this number to estimate the arrival time of outbreak emergence using air travel frequency data from Wuhan to other cities, collected from the International Air Transport Association database. In addition, a meta-population compartmental model was built based on a classical SIR approach to simulate outbreaks at different cities. We consider the scenarios under three basic reproductive number (R0) settings using the best knowledge of the current findings, from high (2.92), mild (1.68), to a much lower numbers (1.4). The mean arrival time of outbreak spreading has been determined. Under the high R0, the critical time is 17.9 days after December 31, 2019 for outbreak spreading. Under the low R0, the critical time is between day 26.2 to day 35 after December 31, 2019. To make an extra 30 days gain, under the low R0 (1.4), the control measures have to reduce 87% of the connections between the source and target cities. Under the higher R0 (2.92), the effect on reducing the chance of outbreak emergence is generally low until the border control measure was enhanced to reduce more than 95% of the connections.

The efficacy of treatment using radiofrequency ablation versus surgical resection in colorectal cancer liver metastases / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To compare the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation versus surgical resection in treatment of colorectal liver metastases with a maximum diameter ≤ 3 cm and a number ≤ 3, and to analyze the risk factors of recurrence. Methods The data of 97 patients with colorectal liver metastases from January 2012 to June 2016 treated at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. There were 66 males and 31 females. The patients were divided into the radiofre-quency ablation group (23 patients) and the surgical resection group ( 74 patients). The patients were followed up. The clinicopathological features of the two groups before treatment were compared. Kaplan-Meier curves were drawn, and the recurrence-free survival curve and overall survival curve of the two groups were compared by log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of recurrence. Results There were no significant differences in age, location of primary tumor, number and size of liver metastases, and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level between the two groups (P＞0. 05). On the date this study was censored, there were 50 patients who had developed recurrence in the surgical resection group and 22 patients in the ablation group, (67. 6% vs. 95. 7% ). The difference was significant (P＜0. 05). The 1-and 2-year recurrence-free survival rates were 54. 6% and 39. 0% in the surgical resection group and 39. 1% and 8. 7% in the radiofrequency ablation group, respectively. The difference was significant (P＜0. 05). There was no local recurrence in either of the two groups. There was no significant difference in the overall survival curves between the two groups (P＞0. 05). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that N 1 ～2 staging (HR=1. 908, 95% CI: 1. 094～3. 325), simultaneous liver metastasis (HR=1. 662, 95% CI: 1. 024～2. 695) and radiofrequency ablation (HR=2. 708, 95% CI: 1. 589～4. 617) were independent risk factors of recurrence for colorectal liver metastasis. Conclusions Radiofrequency ablation can achieve complete ablation in patients with colorectal liver metastases with maximum diameter ≤3 cm and number≤3, but the recurrence rate of radiofrequency ablation is significantly higher than that of surgical resection. N 1 ～2 staging, simultaneous liver metastasis and radiofrequency ablation were independent risk factors for recurrence of colorectal liver metastasis.

Effect of sertraline on negative emotion and adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease complicated with depression / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of sertraline on negative emotional and adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) complicated with depression. Methods The clinical data of 100 patients with CHD complicated with depression from August 2015 to August 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into sertraline group and control group according to the treatment method with 50 cases each. All patients of 2 groups were treated with routine therapy of CHD and psychological intervention. The patients of sertraline group were combined with sertraline treatment, and the patients of control group were combined with shugan jieyu capsule. The improvement of negative emotion was evaluated by 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD), and the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events was observed. The high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels and sinus heart beat all the RR interphase (SDNN) before and after treatment were observed. Results The HAMD score after treatment in sertraline group was significantly lower than that in control group: (8.02 ± 1.19) scores vs. (10.57 ± 1.85) scores, and there was statistical difference (P＜0.01). The total effective rate in sertraline group was significantly higher than that in control group: 92.0% (46/50) vs. 68.0% (34/50), the incidence of the adverse cardiovascular events was significantly lower than that in control group: 4.00% (2/50) vs. 14.00% (7/50), and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05). There were no statistical differences in hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and ET-1 after treatment between 2 groups (P＞0.05). The SDNN after treatment in sertraline group was significantly higher than that in control group: (111.04 ± 20.18) ms vs. (98.34 ± 23.30) ms, and there was statistical difference (P＜0.05). Conclusions Sertraline can effectively improve the depression status in patients with CHD complicated with depression, and it can reduce the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events and improve prognosis.

Clinical application of supraclavicular flap for oncologic reconstruction of hypopharynx and upper esophagus / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To assess the efficacy of supraclavicular artery island flap (SCAIF) for the reconstruction of hypopharynx and upper esophagus.@*Methods@#The SCAIF procedure on was used in 10 patients, including 8 with hypopharygeal carcinomas, 1 with esophageal carcinoma and neck skin invasion and 1 with hypopharyngeal leiomyosarcoma, at the Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yatsen University between December 2015 and June 2017. The sizes of the flaps were measured in (4-8) cm×(5-12) cm. Clinical indexes such as harvesting time and survival were recorded.@*Results@#Harvesting time for SCAIF ranged from 20 to 30 minutes, averaging 26 minutes. Nine flaps survived, one flap had partially necrosis. Functional outcomes were excellent and the donor sites were direct closed without complications.@*Conclusions@#SCAIF is a versatile, reliable, and easily harvested flap, with good cosmetic and functional outcomes for reconstructing the defects of hypopharynx and upper esophagus.

Effect of HIF-2α on regulating CDCP1 to promote hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of hypoxia inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) on regulating CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) and its role in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis.@*Methods@#HIF-2α-knocked down and HIF-2α-stably overexpressing cells (MHCC97H) were prepared by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and lentivirus transfection, respectively. The expression of CDCP1 protein and mRNA in the above cells was detected by western blot and real-time PCR. The effect of HIF-2α on cell invasion ability was determined by Transwell assay. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of CDCP1 in human HCC tissue samples.@*Results@#Both HIF-2α and CDCP1 were induced under hypoxic conditions. The activation of CDCP1 under hypoxic conditions was dependent on the expression of HIF-2α.When HIF-2α was overexpressed, the mRNA level of CDCP1 was greatly upregulated (5.92±0.28, P<0.05). When HIF-2α was knocked down by siRNA for 48 h and 72 h, the expression of CDCP1 was significantly downregulated (48 h: 0.25±0.04; 72 h: 0.18±0.02, all P<0.05). Moreover, analysis of human HCC samples showed that CDCP1 expression was correlated with tumor-free survival (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The results of this study indicate that the expression of CDCP1 is regulated by HIF-2α and is correlated with the progression of HCC. Inhibition of HIF-2α/CDCP1 may play certain inhibitory role in the metastasis of HCC.

Effects of prenatal hypoxia on vascular functions of fetal rats / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of prenatal hypoxia on vasomotor functions of fetal rats.Methods Sixteen pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups:control and hypoxia groups (eight in each group).Rats in the hypoxia group were provided with 10.5％ of oxygen from gestation day 5 to 21,while those in the control group were exposed to normoxic condition.Fetuses were removed from the pregnant rats by cesarean section on gestational day 21.Fetal body weight,blood gas and electrolyte levels were measured.Thoracic aorta rings were separated from fetal rats and used in different vascular function tests.Effects of hypoxia during pregnancy on angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ)-mediated vasoconstrictions and acetylcholine (Ach)-mediated vasodilatations in fetal thoracic aortas were measured.Changes in vasomotor functions were observed after both endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-Name) and L-type calcium channel (LTCC) inhibitor nifedipine were administered.T-test and two-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis.Results (1) Compared with the control group,fetal body weight [(4.40±0.23) vs (3.33±0.42) g,t=2.871],blood partial pressure of oxygen [(50.64±2.17) vs (42.50-±-2.32) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),t=-2.618] and blood oxygen saturation [(58.95±1.97)％ vs (47.73±2.24)％,t=3.564] in the hypoxia group were significantly reduced (all P＜0.05).(2) Compared with the control group,Ang Ⅱ-mediated vasoconstrictions increased,but Ach-mediated vasodilatations in fetal thoracic aortas decreased in the hypoxia group (both P＜0.05).L Name induced stronger Ang Ⅱ-mediated contractions in thoracic aortas in the control group than that in the hypoxia group (P＜0.05).However,nifedipine decreased Ang Ⅱ-induced contractions,especially in the hypoxia group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Maternal hypoxia during pregnancy not only affects the growth and development of fetuses but also changes their blood vessel functions,which may be related to the change of LTCC and the impairment of eNOS.

Anti-cancer effect of metformin and regulation on HIF-1α / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Studies show that metformin inhibits the proliferation of several types of cancer cells.All evidences,therefore propose the anti-tumor effect of metformin.Metformin can repress the oxygen consumption of tumor cells,and suppress hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1ct) accumulation through the translational and posttranslational mechanisms,and suppress the expression of HIF-1α by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).

C-reactive protein and intracerebral hemorrhage / 国际脑血管病杂志

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reaction protein,which is very sensitive to the inflammatory reaction.Many studies have confirmed that CRP is closely correlated with ischemic stroke and atherosclerosis.However,studies on correlation between CRP and intracerebral hemorrhage are less.This article reviews the relationship between CRP and intracerebral hemorrhage.

SWOT analysis on competitive intelligence service in the hospital library / 中华医学科研管理杂志

This paper first described the concept of competitive intelligence and hospital competitive intelligence.Then,the resources of hospital library intelligence was analyzed with the method of SWOT,and the feasibility of competitive intelligence service was discussed.Finally,three aspects of the service were elaborated,which included collection of competitive intelligence,instruction of the knowledge of competitive intelligence,and the establishment of competitive intelligence system in hospitals.

Endoscopic diagnosis of duodenal white spot syndrome / 实用医学杂志

Objective To discuss the standard of endoscopic diagnosis of duodenal white spot syndrome and to test its accuracy by pathological diagnosis standard. Methods A total of 6,995 patients undergoing gastroscopy were detailedly examined through gastrofiberscope or electrogastroscope and endoscopic diagnosis were made by the standard of endoscopic diagnosis of duodenal white spot syndrome. Then, pathological examination was done to test and verify the accuracy of the standard of endoscopic diagnosis. Results There were 533 patients suffering from duodenal white spot pathological changes, accounting for 7.62%. And duodenal mucositis was confirmed by pathological findings in all 90 cases of the patients undergone their biopsy at the same time. Conclusions The appropriate standard of endoscopic diagnosis can improve the detection rate of duodenal white spot syndrome and there is a high coincidence rate between endoscopic diagnosis and pathological diagnosis.

Application of pathological diagnosis by using ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy for cervical lymph lesions / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of pathological diagnosis by using ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle core biopsy (PNCB) for cervical lymph lesions.MethodsTwo hundred and ten patients with cervical lymph lesions underwent ultrasound-guided PNCB,and pathological diagnosis were made based on core biopsy material.The results of study were concluded by comparing the pathological diagnosis from core biopsy of the lymph nodes with those from excision biopsy. Results There were 210 patients underwent ultrasound- guided PNCB,98.6％ (207/210) cases of core biopsies yielded adequate material at first time and 92.9％ (195/210) cases of those had pathologic diagnosis.The accuracy of ultrasound-guided PNCB in differentiating benign from malignant lymphadenopathy was 99.4％ ( 194/195 ).The diagnostic accuracy of metastatic tumor and lymphoma by ultrasound-guided PNCB was 96.4％ (135/140) and 86.1％ (31/36),respectively.Only 67.7％ (21/31) patients with lymphoma could be classified by ultrasound-guided PNCB.ConclusionUltrasound-guided PNCB in patients with neck lymph lesions is a safe,convenient and quick procedure that has a high diagnosis accuracy.Ultrasound-guided PNCB can replace the open surgery for neck lymph node diagnostic method.Due to the complicated and diverse pathologic performance,lymphoma should be cut by open surgery to confirm the diagnosis and classification.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography as a diagnostic supplement for contrast-enhanced CT scan for small hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) ( ≤ 2. 0 cm) with liver cirrhosis after contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) examination. Methods Forty five patients with liver cirrhosis received CECT and CEUS examinations before operation or needle biopsy and the diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examination.CEUS and CECT findings of 51 liver space-occupying lesions from 45 patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among all 51 lesions detected CEUS and CECT found 49 and 35, respectively. The typical characteristics of SHCC were "fast-in and fast-out" and "fast-in and slow-out". The sensitivity of CEUS and CECT in diagnosis of SHCC was 88. 9% (32/36) and 69. 4 % (25/36) respectively ( x2 = 3. 02, P =0. 08);the diagnostic accuracy was 84. 3 % (43/51 ) and 56. 9% (29/51 ) respectively ( x2 = 1.46, P =0. 22). Among 16 lesions missed by CECT, 12 were detected by CEUS. Conclusions CEUS and CECT show the similar diagnostic rate for typical SHCC ,however, CEUS is more sensitive for atypical lesions. With high time resolution, CEUS have advantages for follow-up study of benign liver lesions.