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@#Objective To explore the specialty system of special physical education at master's level.Methods Professional competency for special physical education was developed using the World Health Organization Rehabilitation Competency Framework (RCF), and was applied to the exploration of theoretical structure and methodological system for the construction of special physical education program at master's level.Results Based on the RCF, a competency framework for special physical education teachers was constructed, involving in five areas: practice, professionalism, learning and development, management and leadership, and research. The proficiency of competencies and activities should attain the corresponding level. The construction of special physical education program should be built to highlight the characteristics of RCF and focus on the training of competency in four areas: education objectives, instructional methods, the curriculum of the program and instructional assessment.Conclusion A competency-based program at the master's level in special physical education has been constructed using the RCF. The program uses the RCF to specify professional competency standards for special physical education teachers, and this can be transformed into the content of the competency-based program for special physical education at the master's level. The RCF is used to construct a competency-based special physical education system, which can be used to specify the educational objectives, instructional modalities, specialized core curriculum, and content and methods of instructional assessment in the design of a special physical education program at the master's level.
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There is an urgent need to answer questions related to COVID-19s clinical course and associations with underlying conditions and health outcomes. Multi-center data are necessary to generate reliable answers, but centralizing data in a single repository is not always possible. Using a privacy-protecting strategy, we launched a public Questions & Answers web portal (https://covid19questions.org) with analyses of comorbidities, medications and laboratory tests using data from 202 hospitals (59,074 COVID-19 patients) in the USA and Germany. We find, for example, that 8.6% of hospitalizations in which the patient was not admitted to the ICU resulted in the patient returning to the hospital within seven days from discharge and that, when adjusted for age, mortality for hospitalized patients was not significantly different by gender or ethnicity. One Sentence SummaryPublicly Sharing Knowledge on COVID19 Without Sharing Patient-Level Data: A Privacy-Protecting Multivariate Analysis Approach
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BackgroundExtensive contact tracing and testing in South Korea allows us to investigate the transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 into diverse local communities. ObjectiveUnderstand the critical aspects of transmission dynamics in a different age, sex, and clusters with various activities. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study with 3,127 confirmed cases contact tracing data from the Center for Disease and Prevention (CDC) of South Korea. We investigated network property concerning infected persons demographics and different infection clusters. FindingsOverall, women had higher centrality scores than men after week four, when the confirmed cases rapidly increased. Older adults have higher centrality than young/middle-aged adults after week 9. In the infection clusters, young/middle-aged adults infection clusters (such as religious gatherings and gym facilities) have higher average path lengths and diameter than older adults nursing home infection clusters. InterpretationSome women had higher reproduction numbers and bridged successive transmission than men when the confirmed cases rapidly increased. Similarly, some older adults (who were not residents of nursing homes) had higher reproduction numbers and bridged successive transmission than young/middle-aged adults after the peak has passed. The young/middle-aged adults religious gatherings and group workout have caused long successive transmissions. In contrast, the older adults nursing homes were a small world where the transmissions within a few steps can reach out to many persons. FundingUT Startup award, UT STARs award, and Cancer Prevention Research in Texas, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences Research in contextO_ST_ABSEvidence before this studyC_ST_ABSOn May 1, 2020, PubMed query ("COVID-19" OR "SARS-nCoV-2" OR "novel coronavirus" OR "nCoV") AND ("transmission network" OR "transmission dynamics" OR "transmission pattern" OR "centrality") AND ("cluster" OR "community") yield eight peer-reviewed papers. These papers have provided an evolving epidemiology and transmission dynamics via estimated reproduction number. However, most of them have focused on the entire system in one location and there was no comparison between transmission dynamics of different clusters. Added value of this studyThis study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to compare the transmission dynamics of different cluster infections. We present the transmission dynamic with varying levels of granularity: entire country vs cluster infections as a longitudinal view. From the whole country-level analysis, we found that females have higher centrality (degree or betweenness) than males. From the cluster infection view, we found that young/middle-aged adults infection clusters (such as religious gatherings and gym facilities) have higher average path lengths and diameter than older adults nursing home infection clusters. Implications of all the available evidenceThis study sheds light on different transmission dynamics concerning demographics (age and sex) and diverse behavior in cluster infections. These findings are essential for planning tailored policies to diverse communities. Our analysis code is publicly available to adapt to newly reported cases.
