Dampness Can Promote the Influenza A Virus and Worsen Its Prognosis by Upregulating the TLR7 Signaling Pathway.

Context • Outbreaks of the influenza A virus (IAV) are increasingly recognized as a global public health issue, affecting a large proportion of the world's population. A number of studies have provided epidemiologic evidence that dampness and mold are consistently associated with multiple allergic and respiratory effects, but they focused on dampness-related pathogenic microorganisms leading to allergy rather than the dampness itself. Objective • The current study intended to examine the effects of a damp environment on the promotion of the IAV and determine the adverse effects on its prognosis through upregulation of the toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-signaling pathway in the lung. Design • The research team performed an animal study. Setting • The study was performed at Jinan University (Guangzhou, China). Animals • A total of 144 specific-pathogen-free, C57BL/6j mice were included in the study, divided into 6 groups with 24 mice in each group. Intervention • The mice were randomly divided into the 6 groups, with 24 mice in each group: (1) group A: normal mice, a control group; (2) group B: normal mice living in a damp environment, a second control group; (3) group C: virally infected mice living in a normal environment; (4) group D: virally infected mice living in a damp environment; (5) group E: virally infected mice living in a normal environment and receiving treatment with 0.2 mL/d of 0.78 mg/mL oseltamivir; and (6) group F: virally infected mice living in a damp environment and receiving treatment with 0.2 mL/d of 0.78 mg/mL oseltamivir. Outcome Measures • Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the mRNA expression of TLR7, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in the TLR7 signaling pathway and the viral replication level in the lung. Results • The mice began to lose weight after being infected with IAV, especially those mice in groups D and F, where the mice were lost weight more quickly than those in groups C and E. The damages in group F were more serious than for mice in group E. In groups C and D, the mRNA TLR7, MyD88, TRAF6, IRAK4, and NF-κB were upregulated after viral infection (P < .01). After the IAV infection, the expression of TLR7, MyD88, TRAF6, and NF-κB mRNA in group D was higher (P < .01) than in group C. The oseltamivir treatment reduced the mRNA expression in the TLR7 signaling pathways (P < .01), both in the damp environment and normal environment. The expression of mRNA in the TLR7 signaling pathways was lower in group F than in group E (P < .01). Conclusions • The study suggests that dampness can promote the IAV infection and worsen its prognosis by upregulating the TLR7 signaling pathway.

The Effects of Iontophoretic Injections of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the Maturation of the Arteriovenous Fistula: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Context • For patients undergoing hemodialysis, the native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the primary approach to vascular access (VA). VA failure is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. It has been reported in recent studies that the primary failure rate can be as high as 50%. Objective • The study investigated the effects of iontophoretic administration of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) on the maturation of the AVF. Design • The study was a randomized, controlled trial. Setting • The study occurred in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangzhou, China). Participants • Participants were 40 patients with chronic kidney disease at stage 4 or 5. Intervention • Participants were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups (n = 20 each) after they had received an AVF operation. Patients in the control group were given routine care, and patients in the intervention group were given routine nursing in combination with an iontophoretic SM injection on a targeted area of the fistula after surgery. Outcome Measures • The blood flow of the AVF, the diameter of the artery vein shunt, and the thickness of the AVF from the vascular wall to the skin were observed. Results • The maturation rates of the AVFs after 1 mo were 50% and 85% in the control group and the intervention group, respectively. A significant difference existed between the 2 groups (P < .05). The results of the surgery were significantly different for the control and intervention groups, with the blood flows of the AVF being 1182.05 ± 547.10 mL/min and 705.55 ± 278.63 mL/min (P < .05), respectively, and the diameters of the artery vein shunts being 4.51 ± 1.47 mm and 3.54 ± 0.67 mm (P < .05), respectively, after treatment. Conclusions • Iontophoretically mediated, transdermal delivery of an SM injection to a targeted area of the AVF can significantly shorten the time to maturity of the fistulae.

Qiongyugao for the bone marrow inhibition of mice with pulmonary adenocarcinoma / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow inhibition is a predominant side effect caused by the drugs for anti-tumor.OBJECTIVE: To observe the intervention effect of traditional Chinese medicine qiongyugao on bone marrow inhibition induced by chemotherapy in experimental mice with pulmonary adenocarcinoma.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Medical College of Jinan University.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Central Laboratory of Medical College of Jinan University from March to October in 2001. Fortyeight healthy, aged 6 to 8 weeks C57/BL mice were involved.METHODS: The mouse model with pulmonary adenocareinoma was made with the method of inoculability of cancer cell, and then the models were group: On the following day of inoculation, 0.2 mL normal saline was used by gavage, and normal saline was injected intraperitoneally at the dosage of amine 20 mg was diluted into 0.2 g/L with normal saline, and performed intraperitoneal injection at the dosage of 5 μL/g, once per day, and 0.2 mL platinum diamine was used as in chemotherapy group and 0.2 mL qiongyugao was administered by gavage at the same time once per day. Peripheral erythrocyte, leukocyte and blood platelet, and karyota in bone marrow counting were detected on the 21 days after administration.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Peripheral erythrocyte, leukocyte and blood platelet, and karyota in bone marrow counting of the mice in each group.RESULTS: Eleven mice failing to have tumor in tumor assessment were excluded from the sample, including 3 in the control group, 4 in the chemotherapy and 4 in the combination group. During the experiment,there were 2 mice dying in each group of the control group and chemotherapy group. Totally 11 mice in the control group, 10 in the chemotherapy group and 11 in the combination group entered the result analysis. Erythrocyte, leukocyte and blood platelets in the combination group and control group were all significantly higher than those in the chemotherapy group [erythrocyte: (8.54 ±0.81 ), (8.65 ±0.77), (4.56 ±1.00) ×1012 L -1;leukocyte:(9.04 ±0.60), (9.14 ±0.71), (3.31 ±0.96) ×109 L -1;blood platelets:(949.09±111.31 ), (955.54±87.13), (399.30±131.36)× 109 L-1 ,P ＜ 0.01]. The number of karyota in bone marrow in the chemotherapy group was significantly lower than those in the combination group and control group [(5.30±1.12),(10.51±1.15),(14.36±1.02)]×106,P ＜ 0.01); while the number of karyota in the control group was higher than that in the combination group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Qiongyugao can enhance the counting of erythrocyte,leucocyte, blood platelets of peripheral blood and karyota in bone marrow after chemotherapy in mice with pulmonary carcinoma, improve the inhibition of bone marrow induced by chemotherapy, but can not reverse it completely.

Effects of Taoren Honghua Jian on the hyperlipidemia without symptom / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To examine the effect of traditional chinese medicine recipe, Taoren Honghua(semen persicae-flos carthami) decoction, on hyperlipidemia without symptom. METHODS: The plasma TC, TG, LDL, HDL, apolipoprotein(Apo) A, Apo B of the patients with hyperlipidemia without symptom were measured using automatic analyzer (shimadiu CL-7200), the production of nitric oxide(NO) was detected by Greiss reaction, and SOD activity and MDA formation were examined using o-trihydroxy benzene and barbituric methotheds, respectively. RESULTS: After oral administration of Taoren Honghua decoction, the plasma levels of TC, TG, LDL, and MDA of the patients were markedly decreased, however, the plasma levels of ApoA, HDL, SOD and NO were significantly increased and almost no change was detected in the plasma level of Apo B. In control group, it was found that although the plasma level of TC, TG and LDL were decreased ( P

Pathophysiologic changes of local ischemic coronary artery and cardiac muscle after ligating canine LAD / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To evaluate the reliability of making a research model of coronary artery stenosis and local myocardial infarction reproduced in dog by ligating canine LAD. METHODS: We disparted 30 aged healthy cross-breed dogs [(18.5?6.7) kg] into three groups. The near part of the LAD through left minimal thoracic incision was ligated to interdict 25% (group A), 50% (group B), 75% (group C) of the flux, respectively. The changes of plasma endothelium-derived factors NO, ET-1, sP-selectin and CTnT were measured before ligation and at different time points after ligation. The expression of P-selectin gene in cardiac muscle was detected by Western blotting. The segments of distal parts of the ligated LAD were cut and pathological changes of the patches of topical cardiac muscle were observed by electronic microscope. RESULTS: After ligation, NO/ET-1, P-selectin and CTnT had significant changes in group B (P

A brief analysis of problems existing in the composition of informed consent form in scientific research / 中国医学伦理学

Based on the collation and analysis of 178 informed consent forms of clinical research projects related to human accepted by the ethical review committee of one hospital in 2007 and 2008,major problems were summarized as follows:the expression was difficult to be understood and was unsuitable for popular apprehension;lack of basic elements or insufficiently informed;inductive or advertising expressions existed,etc.Accordingly,the discussion was made for some recommendations of improvement.

Effects of Tianma Gouteng Decoction on mRNA expression of CaL-?1C and PMCA1 in vascular smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rat / 中成药

AIM:To observe the effects of Tianma Gouteng Decoction on mRNA expression of L-Type Calcium Channel ?1 C subunit (CaL-?1C) and plasma membrane calcium-ATPase (PMCA1) in vascular smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). METHODS:Twelve-week-old SHRs were assigned randomly to 5 groups:group A (treated with Tianma Gouteng Decoction),group B (treated with Tianma Gouteng Decoction excluded concha haliotidis),group C (treated with Nifedipine),group D (treated with concha haliotidis),group E (treated with normal sodium,NS),each group consisted of 9 rats was adminstrated,once a day for 4 weeks and mRNA expression of CaL-?1C and PMCA1 was measured with RT-PCR half-fix-quantify method. RESULTS:After 4-week-treatment,both Tianma Gouteng Decoction,Tianma Gouteng Decoction excluded concha haliotidis and Nifedipine could regulate downward mRNA expression of CaL-?1C in vascular smooth muscle cells and regulate upward mRNA expression of PMCA1 in vascular smooth muscle cells,concha haliotidis has no effect on mRNA expression of CaL-?1C and PMCA1. CONCLUSION:Tianma Gouteng Decoction can regulate downward expression of CaL-?1C,and regulate upward expression of PMCA1 at the same time,and meliorate the Ca 2+ overload in vascular smooth muscle cells with hypertension.

Study on the transdermal releasing rule of the preparation of Jiufen Spray / 中成药

Objective: To study the transdermal releasing rule of the preparation of Jiufen Spray.Methods: Improved Franz diffuser was applied to transdermal experiment with TLC scanning method.Results: Q T (quantum time) equations of Jiufen Spray are strychnine:Q=220.941t- 486.006 , brucine:Q=208.146t-454.629, ephedrine:Q=177.691t-247.826. The study on releasing rule suggests the accumulative amount of transdermal drug increases with time, but the releasing speed is roughly stable, the total releasing ratio of 12 hours is about 50%. Conclusion: Jiufen spray could surmise to maintain relatively stable plasma drug concentration.

Effects of Keningfang decoction on heat shock protein 70 expression in lung of mice with influenza virus pneumonia / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To study the preventive effects of Keningfang decoction on the experimental influenza virus pneumonia in mice and its mechanism. METHODS: Fifty NIH mice were divided into five groups randomly (ten mice in each group), normal control group, model group, virazole treatment group, Keningfang I treatment group, Keningfang II treatment group. The FM 1 virus strain that kept in frozen condition were revived and cultured in chick embryo. The mice in every group that were lightly anesthetized by aether, and infected by dropping FM 1 15 LD 50 into the nose, except for the normal control group, by equal volume distilled water. Mice were treated with drugs or distilled water two days before the model was made (0 3 mL, 2 times a day). The mice were treated with drug for six days, then was killed, the lungs were collected, and kept in -70 ℃. HSP70 was measured in the lung tissue by Western blot. Pathologic changes of the mice lungs were observed under microscope. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, HSP70 in the other groups were increased significantly (P

Effects of Tian ma gou teng decoction on the serum free calcium concentration and the L-type calcium channels in the vascular smooth muscle cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats / 中国病理生理杂志

0.05).There were significant differences among group B,group D and group E(P