The Chinese Brief Cognitive Test: Normative Data Stratified by Gender, Age and Education.

The aim of this study was to develop a brief version of cognitive assessment test for evaluating the efficacy of treatments targeting cognitive impairments in Chinese schizophrenia patients, to examine its reliability, and establish normative data. Stratified according to age, gender, and educational level, healthy adult subjects were recruited from fifteen institutions in seven administrative regions of China and 723 valid samples were obtained, of which 50 were retested. Generalized Linear Models were conducted to analyze the effects of age, sex, and education. There was no significant difference between genders, while significant effects were demonstrated respectively among age and education on the normative data of C-BCT. The Cronbach α of C-BCT is 0.75, and the test-retest reliability (ICC) ranged from 0.62 to 0.76. Normative data of C-BCT were generated by gender, age and education, and the effects of these demographic factors were analyzed. It revealed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability of C-BCT.

Increased Antimicrobial Activity of Colistin in Combination With Gamithromycin Against Pasteurella multocida in a Neutropenic Murine Lung Infection Model.

We investigate the antimicrobial activity of combined colistin and gamithromycin against nine Pasteurella multocida strains by testing in vitro susceptibility. Two high-colistin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) isolates (D18 and T5) and one low-colistin MIC isolate (WJ11) were used in time-kill tests and therapeutic effect experiments using a neutropenic murine pneumonia model over 24 h. Pharmacokinetics (PK) in plasma was calculated along with pharmacodynamics (PD) to determine the PK/PD index. Synergy between colistin and gamithromycin was observed using high-colistin MIC isolates, equating to a 128- or 256-fold and 4- or 8-fold reduction in colistin and gamithromycin concentration, respectively. Interestingly, no synergistic effect of the combination on low-colistin MIC isolates was observed. However, regardless of the MIC difference among isolates, each drug tended to reach the same concentration in all isolates subjected to combined treatments, which was verified by the time-kill tests presenting similar rates and extent of killing for isolates D18, T5, and WJ11. The AUC( 0 - 24 h)/MIC index was used to evaluate the relationship between PK and PD, and the correlation was >0.89. The relevant gamithromycin doses for combined therapy were determined, and the value decreased from 6- to 35-fold compared with monotherapy. Combined colistin and gamithromycin therapy provides a more potent therapeutic regimen than monotherapy against P. multocida strains.