Synthesis and insecticidal activity of novel carbamate derivatives as potential dual-binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

In biological systems, bivalent ligands often possess increased functional affinity for their receptors compared with monovalent ligands. On the basis of the structure of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a series of novel carbamate heterodimetic derivatives were designed and synthesized with the aim of increasing the potency toward AChE inhibition. The AChE inhibitory ability of all the novel compounds was tested using AChE obtained from the brain of the housefly. The bioassay results showed that compounds 6j, 6k, 6m, 6n, 6p, and 6q had increased inhibitory activities in comparison with parent phenyl N-methylcarbamate (MH) at the concentration of 100 mg/L. Among them, the most potent AChE inhibitor of these compounds was 6q (IC(50) = 12 µM), which showed 62-fold greater AChE inhibitory activity than that of MH and 12-fold greater activity than metolcarb (MT), which suggested that the 3-nitrophenoxy moiety of compound 6q was able to interact with the aromatic amino acid residues lining the gorge and the phenyl N-methylcarbamate moiety was able to interact with the catalytic sites of AChE, simultaneously. The insecticidal activities of compounds 6j, 6k, 6m, 6n, 6p, and 6q were further evaluated. Consistent with the result in vitro bioassay, those compounds demonstrated better activities against Lipaphis erysimi than parent compound MH at the concentration of 300 mg/L, and compound 6q showed the best insecticidal activity, causing 98% mortality after 24 h of treatment.

Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.

A series of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives were synthesized, and their structures were characterized by IR, mass spectroscopy, (1)H NMR, and elementary analysis. The herbicidal activities of target compounds 10a-c and 11a-c were assessed. The bioassay results showed that these pyrazole derivatives exhibited good herbicidal activity. Compound 11a showed the best pre-emergence herbicidal effects against both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds with good safety to maize and rape at the dosage of 150 g a.i. ha(-1) in greenhouse. Field trials indicated that compound 11a exhibited better herbicidal activity by soil application than the commercial herbicide, metolachlor. Moreover, compound 11a showed the same level of safety to maize as metolachlor.

4-(4-Chloro-5-methyl-3-trifluoro-meth-yl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-(prop-2-ynyl-oxy)pyrimidine.

The molecule of the title compound, C(12)H(8)ClF(3)N(4)O, is twisted as indicated by the C-O-C-C torsion angle of 76.9 (3)°. Moreover, the trifluoro-methyl group shows rotational disorder of the F atoms, with site-occupancy factors of 0.653 (6) and 0.347 (6). The dihedral angle between the rings is 1.88 (12) Å.

4-(But-3-yn-yloxy)-6-(4-iodo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine.

In the title compound, C(11)H(9)IN(4)O, the dihedral angle between the pyrazole and pyrimidine rings is 6.30 (16)°. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯O inter-actions link the mol-ecules.