Semaphorin 7A interacts with nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 via integrin ß1 and mediates inflammation.

Semaphorin7a (SEMA7A), a membrane-anchored member of the semaphorin protein family, could be involved in a diverse range of immune responses via its receptor integrin ß1. Recently, we reported that the SEMA7AR148W mutation (a gain-of-function mutation, Sema7aR145W in mice) is a risk factor for progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via upregulated membrane localization. In this study, we demonstrated that integrin ß1 is a membrane receptor for nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 (NF-κB p105) and a critical mediator of inflammation. Integrin ß1 could interact with the C-terminal domain of NF-κB p105 to promote p50 generation and stimulate the NF-κB p50/p65 signalling pathway, upregulate TNF-α and IL-1ß levels, and subsequently render hepatocytes more susceptible to inflammation. The induction of integrin ß1 depends on elevated Sema7a membrane localization. Moreover, we revealed elevated levels of Sema7aWT (SEMA7AWT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and an HCC mouse model. In line with our findings, the NF-κB p50/p65 pathway could also be activated by high Sema7a expression and repressed by integrin ß1 silencing. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the Sema7aR145W (SEMA7AR148W) mutation and high Sema7aWT (SEMA7AWT) expression both activate the NF-κB p50/p65 pathway via integrin ß1 and play a crucial role in inflammatory responses. Video Abstract.

Mechanism of optical absorption enhancement in thin film organic solar cells with plasmonic metal nanoparticles.

The optical absorption enhancement in thin film organic solar cells (OSCs) with plasmonic metal nanoparticles (NPs) has been studied by means of finite element method with a three-dimension model. It is found that significant plasmonic enhancement of above 100% can be obtained by introducing Ag-NPs at the interface between P3HT:PCBM active layer and PEDOT:PSS anode layer. This enhancement is even larger than that with Ag-NPs totally embedded in the P3HT:PCBM active layer of thin film OSCs. Furthermore, the enhancement mechanism of Ag-NPs at different positions of thin film OSCs is investigated.