Bidirectional association between polycystic ovary syndrome and periodontal diseases.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and periodontal disease (PDD) share common risk factors. The bidirectional interaction between PCOS and PDD has been reported, but until now, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Endocrine disorders including hyperandrogenism (HA) and insulin resistance (IR) in PCOS disturb the oral microbial composition and increase the abundance of periodontal pathogens. Additionally, PCOS has a detrimental effect on the periodontal supportive tissues, including gingiva, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Systemic low-grade inflammation status, especially obesity, persistent immune imbalance, and oxidative stress induced by PCOS exacerbate the progression of PDD. Simultaneously, PDD might increase the risk of PCOS through disturbing the gut microbiota composition and inducing low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, genetic or epigenetic predisposition and lower socioeconomic status are the common risk factors for both diseases. In this review, we will present the latest evidence of the bidirectional association between PCOS and PDD from epidemiological, mechanistic, and interventional studies. A deep understanding on their bidirectional association will be beneficial to provide novel strategies for the treatment of PCOS and PDD.

The association between interleukin polymorphism and recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between interleukin gene polymorphism and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). DESIGNS: Two electronic databases, PubMed and Embase, were utilized to assemble potentially relevant studies meeting the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was conducted using Revman 5.3 software (London, UK), and the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were then used to evaluate the strength of the relationship between the gene polymorphisms of IL-1beta(-511C/T), IL-1beta(+3954C/T), IL-6(-174G/C) and IL-10(-1082G/A) and the risk of RAS. RESULTS: Ten studies were included in the final meta-analysis, with 884 cases and 1104 controls participating. The results demonstrated that the polymorphism of IL-1beta(-511C/T) significantly increased the probability of the development of RAS in Europeans. (T vs. C: OR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.09-1.67; CC vs. CT + TT: OR = 1.77, 95%CI = 1.24-2.53; CC vs. TT: OR = 1.86, 95%CI = 1.18-2.95). Furthermore, the C allele in IL-1beta(+3954C/T) was determined to be related to the risk of RAS in Americans (C vs. T: OR = 1.52, 95%CI = 1.07-2.17) and the presence of the C gene was considered a risk variant (CC + CT vs. TT: OR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.01-2.11), but no relationship was found between the polymorphism of IL-10(-1082G/A) and the risk of RAS. CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis suggested that the mutation of IL-1beta(-511C/T) in Europe and IL-1beta(+3954C/T) in America tend to increase the risk of RAS, but the polymorphism of IL-10(-1082G/A) appears to have no association with RAS risk in America. Further study is required to confirm the above conclusions.