[Systematic review and Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of Shumian Capsules in treatment of insomnia].

This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of Shumian Capsules in the treatment of insomnia. Randomized controlled trial(RCT) about Shumian Capsules for insomnia were retrieved from databases. RevMan 5.4 was used for statistical analysis. A total of 23 articles were included, involving 2 621 patients. Meta-analysis showed that Shumian Capsules had advantages in the treatment of insomnia(RR=1.07, 95%CI[1.03, 1.10], P=0.000 2) and insomnia with depression(RR=1.13, 95%CI[1.02, 1.25], P=0.02) in terms of total response rate. Shumian Capsules had advantages in the treatment of insomnia(MD=-0.75, 95%CI[-1.33,-0.17], P=0.01) and insomnia with depression(MD=-2.51, 95%CI[-2.96,-2.06], P<0.000 01) in terms of PSQI score. The incidence of adverse events in the Shumian Capsules(RR=0.33, 95%CI[0.24, 0.46], P<0.000 01) and Shumian Capsules + conventional western medicine(RR=0.71, 95%CI[0.54, 0.95], P=0.02) was lower than that in the conventional wes-tern medicine alone. In addition, Shumian Capsules had an advantage in treating insomnia complicated with depression in terms of HAMD score(P<0.000 1) and reducing the serum levels of 5-HT, TSH, T3, and T4 in insomnia patients(P<0.05). The quality of evidence was mostly medium or low. The studies demonstrate that Shumian Capsules is effective and safe for treating insomnia, which may be related to the mechanism of lowering the levels of 5-HT, TSH, T3, and T4 in the serum. In view of the quality of evidence, the application of Shumian Capsules should be considered after comprehensive evaluation in clinical practice.

Ten-Day Vonoprazan-Amoxicillin Dual Therapy vs Standard 14-Day Bismuth-Based Quadruple Therapy for First-Line Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Whether 10-day short-course vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy (VA-dual) is noninferior to the standard 14-day bismuth-based quadruple therapy (B-quadruple) against Helicobacter pylori eradication has not been determined. This trial aimed to compare the eradication rate, adverse events, and compliance of 10-day VA-dual regimen with standard 14-day B-quadruple regimen as first-line H. pylori treatment. METHODS: This prospective randomized clinical trial was performed at 3 institutions in eastern China. A total of 314 treatment-naive, H. pylori -infected patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either 10-day VA-dual group or 14-day B-quadruple group. Eradication success was determined by 13 C-urea breath test at least 4 weeks after treatment. Eradication rates, adverse events, and compliance were compared between groups. RESULTS: Eradication rates of VA-dual and B-quadruple groups were 86.0% and 89.2% ( P = 0.389), respectively, by intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis; 88.2% and 91.5% ( P = 0.338), respectively, by modified ITT analysis; and 90.8% and 91.3% ( P = 0.884), respectively, by per-protocol (PP) analysis. The efficacy of the VA-dual remained noninferior to B-quadruple therapy in all ITT, modified ITT, and PP analyses. The incidence of adverse events in the VA-dual group was significantly lower compared with that in the B-quadruple group ( P < 0.001). Poor compliance contributed to eradication failure in the VA-dual group ( P < 0.001), while not in the B-quadruple group ( P = 0.110). DISCUSSION: The 10-day VA-dual therapy provided satisfactory eradication rates of >90% (PP analysis) and lower rates of adverse events compared with standard 14-day B-quadruple therapy as first-line H. pylori therapy. TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2300070100.

Neuroprotective effects of insulin-like growth factor-2 in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cellular and mouse models of Parkinson's disease.

Skin-derived precursor Schwann cells have been reported to play a protective role in the central nervous system. The neuroprotective effects of skin-derived precursor Schwann cells may be attributable to the release of growth factors that nourish host cells. In this study, we first established a cellular model of Parkinson's disease using 6-hydroxydopamine. When SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with conditioned medium from skin-derived precursor Schwann cells, their activity was greatly increased. The addition of insulin-like growth factor-2 neutralizing antibody markedly attenuated the neuroprotective effects of skin-derived precursor Schwann cells. We also found that insulin-like growth factor-2 levels in the peripheral blood were greatly increased in patients with Parkinson's disease and in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Next, we pretreated cell models of Parkinson's disease with insulin-like growth factor-2 and administered insulin-like growth factor-2 intranasally to a mouse model of Parkinson's disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine and found that the level of tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker of dopamine neurons, was markedly restored, α-synuclein aggregation decreased, and insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor down-regulation was alleviated. Finally, in vitro experiments showed that insulin-like growth factor-2 activated the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. These findings suggest that the neuroprotective effects of skin-derived precursor Schwann cells on the central nervous system were achieved through insulin-like growth factor-2, and that insulin-like growth factor-2 may play a neuroprotective role through the insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor/PI3K/AKT pathway. Therefore, insulin-like growth factor-2 may be an useful target for Parkinson's disease treatment.

[Randomized controlled trials of acupuncture and moxibustion in China in past 45-year (1975-2019): hotspots and trends].

By searching the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture and moxibustion from CNKI since its inception date to december 31 of 2019, the development status and hot trend of RCTs of acupuncture and moxibustion in China were summarized. The CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to perform keyword co-occurrence analysis, clustering analysis, time-zone analysis and citation-burst analysis, and visual map was drawn. As a result, a total of 60 995 articles were included, which were published in 1027 academic journals with 1787 keywords. The publication date was from 1975 to 2019. During the past 45 years, the publications of RCTs on acupuncture and moxibustion had shown an overall growth trend with characteristics of the times. The RCTs of manual acupuncture ranked the top, and its proportion of publications every 5 years was stable in the past 30 years. Since 1994, the hot words such as electroacupuncture, warming needling, auricular point sticking and various acupoint therapies had emerged; meanwhile, the spectrum of diseases had broadened, and an evolutionary trend corresponding to therapies and disease systems had been formed. In recent decade, the RCTs using moxibustion therapy have increased significantly, and the hot words such as "sub-health" "winter diseases being treated in summer" and "acupoint application/ moxibustion during the dog days" had indicated that acupuncture clinical research was further inclined to the field of chronic disease prevention and health services, which was in line with social development and the needs of the times.

[Visual analysis of literature knowledge structure and acupoint matching rules of acupuncture for depression].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the literature knowledge structure and acupoint matching rules of acupuncture for depression. METHODS: The articles regarding acupuncture for depression published from January 1 of 1984 to October 19 of 2020 were searched in CNKI database. CiteSpace5.7.R2 software was used to import the literature data, and the keyword cluster analysis, emergence analysis and time-zone analysis of articles and acupoints were conducted, and the map of scientific knowledge was draw. RESULTS: A total of 3524 articles were included to the knowledge structure analysis, while 601 articles into the acupoint matching rules analysis. There were 13 keyword clusters of acupuncture for depression, with "post-stroke depression" and "electroacupuncture treatment" as high-frequency keywords, and "electroacupuncture treatment" and "Hamilton depression scale" had high centrality, and "electroacupuncture treatment" had the highest emergence intensity. The keywords such as "electroacupuncture treatment" and "Hamilton depression scale", etc. appeared the earliest, followed by "post-stroke depression", "fluoxetine" and "auricular point therapy", etc. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, acupoint keywords were divided into four clusters: ①core acupoint, ②replenishing-spleen and dispelling phlegm, dispersing-liver and relieving depression, reinforcing qi and nourishing blood, ③back-shu points, five-zhi points, ④inducing-resuscitation and opening-closes. CONCLUSION: The main knowledge structure of acupuncture for depression includes five parts: treatment method, depression type, TCM-related diseases, literature type and curative effect index. Clinical acupoint matching should adhere to the principle of "focusing the disease before syndrome" and "combination of disease and syndrome", and treatment should be modified for the syndromes of phlegm stagnation blocking, liver-stagnation and qi-stagnation, and deficiency of both qi and blood.

Association between dyslipidemia and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a secondary analysis of a nationwide cohort.

AIMS: To evaluate the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk of individuals with different types of dyslipidaemia and compare the predictive value of distinct lipid parameters in predicting T2DM. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). 17 708 individuals over 45 years old were interviewed, and 11 847 blood samples were collected at the baseline survey (2011-2012). Outcome of T2DM was confirmed during two follow-up surveys (2013-2014 and 2015-2016). The HRs and 95% CI of T2DM associated with dyslipidaemia were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regressions model. The discriminatory value of eight lipid parameters were compared by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). RESULTS: A total of 7329 participants were enrolled in our analysis; during the mean follow-up time of 3.4 years, 387 (5.28%) participants developed new-onset diabetes. Compared with participants in normal lipid levels, the T2DM risk of those with hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly increased (HRs (95% CI) were 1.48 (1.11 to 1.96), 1.92 (1.49 to 2.46) and 1.67 (1.35 to 2.07), respectively). The AUCs of non-HDL-C (0.685, 95% CI 0.659 to 0.711), triglyceride (TG) (0.684, 95% CI 0.658 to 0.710), total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C (0.685, 95% CI 0.659 to 0.712) and TG/HDL-C (0.680, 95% CI 0.654 to 0.706) were significantly (p<0.005) larger than that of other lipid parameters. CONCLUSION: Middle-aged and elderly adults with hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and low HDL-C were at higher risk for developing diabetes. Non-HDL-C, TG, TC/HDL and TG/HDL have greater performance than other lipid parameters in predicting T2DM incidence.

Randomized controlled trials of acupuncture and moxibustion in China in past 45-year (1975-2019): hotspots and trends / 中国针灸

By searching the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture and moxibustion from CNKI since its inception date to december 31 of 2019, the development status and hot trend of RCTs of acupuncture and moxibustion in China were summarized. The CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to perform keyword co-occurrence analysis, clustering analysis, time-zone analysis and citation-burst analysis, and visual map was drawn. As a result, a total of 60 995 articles were included, which were published in 1027 academic journals with 1787 keywords. The publication date was from 1975 to 2019. During the past 45 years, the publications of RCTs on acupuncture and moxibustion had shown an overall growth trend with characteristics of the times. The RCTs of manual acupuncture ranked the top, and its proportion of publications every 5 years was stable in the past 30 years. Since 1994, the hot words such as electroacupuncture, warming needling, auricular point sticking and various acupoint therapies had emerged; meanwhile, the spectrum of diseases had broadened, and an evolutionary trend corresponding to therapies and disease systems had been formed. In recent decade, the RCTs using moxibustion therapy have increased significantly, and the hot words such as "sub-health" "winter diseases being treated in summer" and "acupoint application/ moxibustion during the dog days" had indicated that acupuncture clinical research was further inclined to the field of chronic disease prevention and health services, which was in line with social development and the needs of the times.

Visual analysis of literature knowledge structure and acupoint matching rules of acupuncture for depression / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the literature knowledge structure and acupoint matching rules of acupuncture for depression.@*METHODS@#The articles regarding acupuncture for depression published from January 1 of 1984 to October 19 of 2020 were searched in CNKI database. CiteSpace5.7.R2 software was used to import the literature data, and the keyword cluster analysis, emergence analysis and time-zone analysis of articles and acupoints were conducted, and the map of scientific knowledge was draw.@*RESULTS@#A total of 3524 articles were included to the knowledge structure analysis, while 601 articles into the acupoint matching rules analysis. There were 13 keyword clusters of acupuncture for depression, with "post-stroke depression" and "electroacupuncture treatment" as high-frequency keywords, and "electroacupuncture treatment" and "Hamilton depression scale" had high centrality, and "electroacupuncture treatment" had the highest emergence intensity. The keywords such as "electroacupuncture treatment" and "Hamilton depression scale", etc. appeared the earliest, followed by "post-stroke depression", "fluoxetine" and "auricular point therapy", etc. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, acupoint keywords were divided into four clusters: ①core acupoint, ②replenishing-spleen and dispelling phlegm, dispersing-liver and relieving depression, reinforcing @*CONCLUSION@#The main knowledge structure of acupuncture for depression includes five parts: treatment method, depression type, TCM-related diseases, literature type and curative effect index. Clinical acupoint matching should adhere to the principle of "focusing the disease before syndrome" and "combination of disease and syndrome", and treatment should be modified for the syndromes of phlegm stagnation blocking, liver-stagnation and

[Mechanisms of Fe-cyclam/H2O2 System Catalyzing the Degradation of Rhodamine B].

Fenton reaction is a traditional method for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater. However, this process should be performed in a narrow pH range and requires large amounts of ferrous salt input, limiting its application. In this work, a robust iron complex bearing a cross-bridge cyclam ligand (Fe-cyclam) was successfully prepared. This complex could effectively activate H2O2 to degrade rhodamine B at a pH range of 2-7. The Fe-cyclam/H2O2 system was more effective in the degradation of rhodamine B than the Fenton reaction, when the input [Fe] was lower than 50 µmol·L-1. Moreover, in addition to rhodamine B, the Fe-cyclam/H2O2 system was also capable of degrading dyes such as acid red 88, acid orange II, reactive red 24, and neutral red. This system was more efficient in the degradation of azo dyes than that of triphenylmethane dyes. The removal of rhodamine B remained higher than 90% in three cycle experiments, indicating the excellent stability of Fe-cyclam. The quenching experiments proved that the degradation of rhodamine B by Fe-cyclam/H2O2 was a free-radical-control process. Meanwhile, the electron paramagnetic resonance captured the signals of high valent FeV-oxo species, indicating that FeV-oxo possibly mediated the degradation of rhodamine B in the Fe-cyclam/H2O2 system. This work proves the potential application of Fe-cyclam/H2O2 in the degradation of dyes in a practical environment.

F-Shaped Osteotomy Combined with Basal Opening Wedge Osteotomy for Severe Hallux Valgus.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of osteotomy adjacent to the articular surface of the metatarsal head combined with basal opening wedge osteotomy for severe hallux valgus. METHODS: The double osteotomy procedure was carried out in 56 patients (72 feet) with severe hallux valgus deformity, with an average follow-up of 25 months from March 2010 to February 2019. Hallux valgus angle (HVA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and distal articular set angle (DASA) were measured for all patients via weight-bearing anteroposterior (AP) X-ray images. In addition, the American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale was used for evaluating the function of the hallux. RESULTS: The HVA, IMA, and DMAA reduced from 49.30 ± 6.60, 19.33 ± 4.70, and 29.85 ± 10.96 to 13.19 ± 6.10, 5.97 ± 3.13, and 5.63 ± 3.44, respectively (P < 0.01). DASA decreased from 4.33 ± 2.34 to 4.08 ± 1.91 and did not show a statistically significant difference (P = 0.48). Among the 72 feet, 69 feet healed normally, and 3 feet had bone resorption at the osteotomy edges. No cases of bone sclerosis, bone necrosis, bone nonunion, or ankylosis were observed. On average, the AOFAS score improved from 34.66 ± 12.07 (preoperative) to 88.78 ± 5.73 (postoperative). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed double osteotomy procedure can maintain the match metatarsophalangeal joints without ischemic necrosis of bones, and is demonstrated to be safe, effective, and feasible for correcting severe hallux valgus.

Gastric xanthelasma and metabolic disorders: A large retrospective study among Chinese population.

AIM: To gain knowledge of xanthelasma, a large population-based study was conducted. METHODS: Patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China during Jan 2009 to Nov 2016 were included. General characteristics as well as clinical data were collected, including blood routine, serum biochemical analysis, endoscopic findinds, histological evaluation and comorbiditie. Statistical analyses was performed using SPSS 20.0 software for Windows (IBM Inc., Chicago, IL, United States) using Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, univariable and multivariable logistic analysis. 2-tailed P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 176006 endoscopies were retrieved and we included 1370 xanthelasma participants (703 men, 667 women) in this study. Prevalence of xanthelasma was 0.78% with average age of 56.6 ± 11.2 years. Chief complaint of xanthelasma consisted abdominal pain (24.2%), up-abdominal discomfort (14.1%), abdominal distention (10.1%), dyspepsia (9.1%), et al. Most xanthelasma occurred as single lesion in gastric antrum. Xanthelasma patients witnessed higher Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection rate, more of other gastric lesions including atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia (P < 0.01). In xanthelasma patients, serum carcinoembryonic antigen, triglyceride, fasting glucose, neutrophil, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were significantly higher, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, lymphocyte was lower (P < 0.05). Xanthelasma accompanied with more fatty liver disease and hepatic cyst, but fewer gallbladder polyp (P < 0.05). In logistic regression, it revealed that fasting plasma glucose (OR = 3.347, 1.170-9.575, P < 0.05), neutrophil (OR = 1.617, 1.003-2.605, P < 0.05), and carcinoembryonic antigen (OR = 2.011, 1.236-3.271, P < 0.01) were all independent risk factors in xanthelasma. CONCLUSION: Current study described a large xanthelasma cohort in Chinese population, revealed its relationship with H. pylori infection, carcinogenesis, metabolic dysfunction and inflammation as well.

[Study on removal effect of different organic fractions from bio-treated effluent of dye wastewater by UV/H2O2 process].

The pretreatment of bio-treated effluent of dye wastewater by UV/H2O2 process was studied. The influencing factors, such as H2O2 dosage, reaction time and pH values were evaluated for the removal efficiency of UV254, ADMI7.6, DOC and DOC of dye wastewater by UV/H2O2 process. The experimental results showed that,the optimal conditions determined were as follows: initial pH 7.4-8.1, H2O2 dosage 4.5 mmol x L(-1) and UV irradiation time of 50 min. Under the optimal conditions, UV254, ADMI7.6, DOC and COD removal rate could reach 77%, 94%, 40% and 69%. Removal effects of four different DOM fractions, hydrophobic acids, non-acid hydrophobics, tasnsphilics and hydrophilics separated by XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins. The experimental results show that: hydrophobic material was the main substance causing color, when it was characterized by ADMI7.6, the proportion could reach 92%, of which 53% was non-acid hydrophobics. It indicated that removal efficiencies of tasnsphilics, hydrophobic acids and non-acid hydrophobics were high through UV/H2O2, process, while hydrophilics' efficiencies were lower. The experimental results showed that organic molecules with molecular weight over 10,000 contributed greatly to UV254, ADMI7.6 and DOC removal rate.

Hepatitis gene chip in detecting HBV DNA, HCV RNA in serum and liver tissue samples of hepatitis patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study the preparation of diagnostic gene chip for detecting hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its accuracy in detecting HBV DNA and HCV RNA in serum and liver tissues. METHODS: The probes, which depend on the conservative gene fragment of hepatitis virus, was designed, synthesized and spotted on the modified glass. The probes and some other control probes were assembled on the diagnostic microarray of hepatitis virus. The gene of hepatitis virus, purified from blood or tissue, was labeled with fluorescence and hybridized to the microarray. The hybridized microarry was scanned with microarray scanner and the diagnostic result was analyzed from the scanning data. Fourty patients with hepatitis B virus and 40 healthy people or 40 patients with hepatitis C virus were subjected to detection of HBV DNA and HCV RNA with the hepatitis virus gene chip by the double-blind method. Paraffin liver specimens obtained from 99 cases of posthepatitic cirrhosis were used to detect HBV DNA. The liver tissues and serum from 15 cases of chronic hepatitis B were used to detect HBV DNA. Simultaneously, HBsAg and HBcAg were detected in the serum by fluorescence microparticle quantitation, HBV DNA and HCV RNA in the serum by PCR, and HBcAg in liver tissues by immunocytochemistry or HBV DNA by in situ molecular hybridization. RESULTS: Chip detection of serum specimens showed that 30 patients were HBV DNA positive and 10 HBV DNA negative in the 40 patients with HBV positive, 25 patients were HCV RNA positive and 15 patients were HCV RNA negative in the 40 patients with HCV positive, and all were HBV and HCV negative in the 40 healthy people. In 15 patients with HBV marker positive who were subjected to liver biopsy, 15 patients were detected HBV DNA positive in serum by gene chip, 15 patients HBcAg positive in liver tissues by immunocytochemistry, 14 patients HBV DNA positive in liver tissues by in situ molecular hybridization, and 14 patients HBV DNA positive in liver tissues by gene chip. Paraffin liver tissues specimens from the 99 patients with posthepatitis B cirrhosis showed that 67 patients were detected HBcAg positive by immunocytochemistry, 53 patients HBV DNA positive by in situ molecular hybridization, and 46 patients HBV DNA positive by gene chip. In the 46 patients, 40 patients were detected HBV DNA and HBcAg positive by in situ molecular hybridization and immunocytochemistry, 6 patients only HBcAg positive, and 33 patients HBcAg negative. CONCLUSIONS: The designed diagnostic gene chip can be used to simultaneously detect serum HBV DNA and HCV RNA, but the positive rate of HCV RNA diagnosed by this chip is lower. The gene chip can detect HBV DNA in serum and in liver tissue.

[Detection and identification of emergence of HBV YMDD motif mutation during lamivudine treatment by hybridization to an oligonucleotide array].

OBJECTIVE: Gene chip technology was set up to quickly and accurately detect and identify the HBV P gene YMDD motif mutation during the chronic hepatitis treated with lamivudine. METHODS: DNA microarrays were prepared by spotting fluorescence labeled probes of target genes onto specially lattice glass slides with robotics. The serum samples from 30 patients with hepatitis B after 68-week treatment with lamivudine were detected double-blind by gene chips and by nucleotide sequences assay technique to identify the rate of emergence of HBV P gene YMDD motif mutation. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were found HBV P gene YMDD motif mutation by the gene chips including 11 cases with YVDD and 10 cases with YIDD motif mutation. By direct sequencing of the PCR products, 11 cases were found to have YVDD with adenine741 changed into cytidine resulted in methionine552 changed into valine in which 6 cases with adenine669 changed into cytidine and leucine changed into methionine, 10 cases had YIDD motif mutation with guanosine743 altered thymidine methionine552 changed into isoleucine, including 3 cases with thymidine281 changed into cytidine and leucine565 altered proline. CONCLUSION: The gene chip can be used to test HBV YVDD,YIDD motif mutation compared with nucleotide sequences assay technique, the accuracy rate was 100%.

Detection and identification of emergence of HBV YMDD motif mutation during lamivudine treatment by hybridization to an oligonucleotide array / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Gene chip technology was set up to quickly and accurately detect and identify the HBV P gene YMDD motif mutation during the chronic hepatitis treated with lamivudine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DNA microarrays were prepared by spotting fluorescence labeled probes of target genes onto specially lattice glass slides with robotics. The serum samples from 30 patients with hepatitis B after 68-week treatment with lamivudine were detected double-blind by gene chips and by nucleotide sequences assay technique to identify the rate of emergence of HBV P gene YMDD motif mutation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-one patients were found HBV P gene YMDD motif mutation by the gene chips including 11 cases with YVDD and 10 cases with YIDD motif mutation. By direct sequencing of the PCR products, 11 cases were found to have YVDD with adenine741 changed into cytidine resulted in methionine552 changed into valine in which 6 cases with adenine669 changed into cytidine and leucine changed into methionine, 10 cases had YIDD motif mutation with guanosine743 altered thymidine methionine552 changed into isoleucine, including 3 cases with thymidine281 changed into cytidine and leucine565 altered proline.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The gene chip can be used to test HBV YVDD,YIDD motif mutation compared with nucleotide sequences assay technique, the accuracy rate was 100%.</p>