[Research on competitiveness of traditional Chinese medicine industry's international trade based on diamond theory].

China has a long history of the international trade of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).And the export products mainly composed of Chinese herbal medicine and its extracts with Chinese patent herbal medicine and health care products as complementary items.The international trade of TCM faces problems of structural disequilibrium in export products and trade barriers.In this study,we used Michael Porter's diamond model to analyze the international competitiveness of TCM industry.We found that TCM industry in China was rich in production factors and broad in market demands,but lack of the related and supporting industries.In addition,compared with the herbal medicine manufacturers in European,American and Japanese,enterprises in China were weaker in the strategy making,market positioning and industry competing.The development of the international market of herbal medicine,the arrival of the aging society,and the introduced policies of the TCM,provide great opportunities for TCM industry' s development.In order to improve the competitiveness of the TCM industry,we propose to increase the international recognition of TCM by developing clinical study,cope with international trade barrier by strengthen international standardization research,and improve the competitiveness of TCM industry by economies of scale formed by the accumulation of the pharmaceutical industry.

[Research on ginseng trade competitiveness between China and Korea].

Ginseng is one of China's valuable Chinese herbal medicines, with a long using history. Ginseng has worldwide reputation, and widely used in food, medicine, health products, cosmetics and other production. China and South Korea have a big ginseng industrial, and sharing half of the export market. The ginseng export competitiveness analysis seems important and necessary between China and South Korea. In this paper, the data of customs and trade of ginseng in COMTRADE database were studied, and ginseng export competitiveness was analyzed between China and Korea. The results showed that the ginseng export competitiveness of Korean more competitive than China. Contrast with China, South Korea using only 15% total amount of ginseng exports and produced the same total export amount. This article has the reference value to the traditional Chinese medicine resources management and the economics research. On this basis, this paper further discusses the problems that should be paid attention to in the development of ginseng industry in China.

[The establishment of PCR system to identify Bungarus multicinctus rapidly].

The purpose of the present study is to establish a rapid and effective PCR method for the identification of B. multicinctus. Based on sequence alignment of B. multicinctus and its adulterants, we found that Cyt b gene is a good molecular genetic marker for the authentication of B. multicinctus. On the basis of the sequence data, a pair of highly specialized primers was designed. The templates were extracted by the DNA purification system. Key factors such as annealing temperature, concentration of Taq enzyme and cycle numbers were analyzed and optimized. The modified PCR program consisted of an initial denaturation step at 95 degrees C for 5 min, followed by 30 cycles of 95 degrees C for 30 s and 55 degrees C for 45 s and a final extension at 72 degrees C for 5 min. Thirteen samples of B. multicinctus were identified accurately from their 20 adulterants in 4 hours. The results indicated it is a highly accurate, rapid and applicable method for the authentication of B. multicinctus.

[Studies on HPLC-fingerprint of Rhizoma Fagopyri Dibotoryis].

OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC fingerprint of Rhizoma fagopyri dibotoryis. METHOD: The HPLC-electrochemical detection assay was used to establish the fingerprint of Rhizoma fagopyri dibotoryis. The sample was performed on a column of Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) which was eluted with methanol- 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), the column temperature was 35 degrees C, the reference electrode was ISAAC (in-situ silver/silver chloride), the work electrode was glassy carbon, the counter electrode was Pt platmun. RESULT: The HPLC fingerprint profiles of 6 Rhizoma fagopyri dibotoryis contains 6 common chromatographic peaks, and gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde and ( - ) -epicatechin were tested the samples. The contents of protocatechuic acid and protocatechuic aldehyde were from 0.004% to 0.05% and from 0.003% to 0.015%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The method can be used to control the quality of Rhizoma fagopyri dibotoryis.

[Determination of epicatechin in Rhizoma Fagopyri dibotoryis by HPLC-ECD].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a quantitative method of determination of epicatechin in Rhizoma fagopyri dibotoryis by HPLC-electrochemical detection. METHOD: The sample was separated on a column of Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) which was eluted with methanol-0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (1:3, pH 2.5), the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), the column temperature was 35 degrees C, the reference electrode was ISAAC (in-situ silver/silver chloride), the work electrode was glassy carbon, the applied potential was + 600 mV. RESULT: The linear range of epicatechin was 0.004 875-1.56 microg, r = 0.999 9. The average recovery was 100.7% with RSD 1.9% (n = 5). The content of epicatechin was different in nine samples purchased. CONCLUSION: The method is good reproducible and can be used to determine epicatechin in Rhizoma fagopyri dibotoryis.