How the secrets behind photocurrents are revealed in Ag-TiO2 heterostructures-based plasmonic photoelectrochemical systems: A collaborative approach of EC-SERS and photoelectrochemical methods.

Plasmon-mediated chemical reactions (PMCR) have garnered growing interest as a promising concept for photocatalysis. However, in electrochemical systems at solid-liquid interfaces, the photo-induced charge transfer on the surface of metal-semiconductor heterostructures involves complex processes and mechanisms, which are still poorly understood. We explore the plasmon-mediated carrier transfer mechanism and the synergistic effect of light and electric fields on Ag-TiO2 heterostructures, through a combination of electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical methods, with para-aminothiophenol (PATP) serving as a probe molecule. The results show that photocurrent responses are dependent on not only excitation wavelengths and applied potentials, but also the irreversibility of redox. The relationship between photocurrent responses and the chemical transformation between PATP and 4,4'-dimercaptoazobenzene is established, reflecting the photo-induced charge transfer of the heterostructures. The collaboration of spectroscopic and photoelectrochemical methods provide valuable insights into the chemical transformation and kinetic information of adsorbed molecules on the heterostructure during PMCR, offering opportunities for modulating of photocatalytic activities of hot carriers.

Effects of Time Point of Pre-Competitions Peaking on Performance in Major-Competitions.

Objectives: To study the effects of the time points of pre-competition peaking (TPCP, the time point when an athlete's peaking shows up before a major-competition) on the athletes' performances in the major-competition (M-Performance). Design: Mixed design. Methods: We used cluster analysis to classify 892 elite track and field athletes who participated in the 2017 and 2019 IAAF World Championships in Athletics, based on their TPCP and other related factors. Furthermore, we used a fixed-effects model and a mixed-effects model to analyze the relationship between the TPCP and M-Performance. Results: The TPCP of elite track and field athletes were divided into four categories: late, slightly late, slightly early, and early. In speed/power events, athletes in the slightly late category had better M-Performance. In endurance events, athletes in the slightly early category had better M-Performance. In speed/power events, delaying the TPCP did not improve the athletes' M-Performance. In endurance events, advancing the TPCP effectively improved the athletes' M-Performance. Conclusions: To improve M-Performance, athletes in speed/power events should be peaking 2-8 weeks before a major-competition, and athletes in endurance events should be peaking 8-14 weeks before a major-competition. Future research should aim to identify individual factors affecting TPCP, such as the time for the body's adaptation to training and the residual training effect.

Identification of intracellular bacteria from multiple single-cell RNA-seq platforms using CSI-Microbes.

The study of the tumor microbiome has been garnering increased attention. We developed a computational pipeline (CSI-Microbes) for identifying microbial reads from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and for analyzing differential abundance of taxa. Using a series of controlled experiments and analyses, we performed the first systematic evaluation of the efficacy of recovering microbial unique molecular identifiers by multiple scRNA-seq technologies, which identified the newer 10x chemistries (3' v3 and 5') as the best suited approach. We analyzed patient esophageal and colorectal carcinomas and found that reads from distinct genera tend to co-occur in the same host cells, testifying to possible intracellular polymicrobial interactions. Microbial reads are disproportionately abundant within myeloid cells that up-regulate proinflammatory cytokines like IL1Β and CXCL8, while infected tumor cells up-regulate antigen processing and presentation pathways. These results show that myeloid cells with bacteria engulfed are a major source of bacterial RNA within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and may inflame the TME and influence immunotherapy response.

A global transcriptional activator involved in the iron homeostasis in cyanobacteria.

Cyanobacteria use a series of adaptation strategies and a complicated regulatory network to maintain intracellular iron (Fe) homeostasis. Here, a global activator named IutR has been identified through three-dimensional chromosome organization and transcriptome analysis in a model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Inactivation of all three homologous IutR-encoding genes resulted in an impaired tolerance of Synechocystis to Fe deficiency and loss of the responses of Fe uptake-related genes to Fe-deplete conditions. Protein-promoter interaction assays confirmed the direct binding of IutR with the promoters of genes related to Fe uptake, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis further revealed that in addition to Fe uptake, IutR could regulate many other physiological processes involved in intracellular Fe homeostasis. These results proved that IutR is an important transcriptional activator, which is essential for cyanobacteria to induce Fe-deficiency response genes. This study provides in-depth insights into the complicated Fe-deficient signaling network and the molecular mechanism of cyanobacteria adaptation to Fe-deficient environments.

Case Report: Infant-onset Degos disease with nervous system involvement and a literature review.

Degos disease also known as malignant atrophic papulosis (MAP), is an autoinflammatory disease that mainly affects small- to medium-sized arteries. Gastrointestinal and nervous system are most commonly affected systems. Herein, we reported a case of Degos disease with disease onset during infantile and had severe neurological involvement.

A prospective study of vitamin D, proinflammatory cytokines, and risk of fragility fractures in women on aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is critical to bone health by regulating intestinal absorption of calcium, whereas proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α, are known to increase bone resorption. We hypothesized that vitamin D and these cytokines at the time of breast cancer diagnosis were predictive for fragility fractures in women receiving aromatase inhibitors (AIs). METHODS: In a prospective cohort of 1,709 breast cancer patients treated with AIs, we measured the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α from baseline blood samples. The associations of these biomarkers were analyzed with bone turnover markers (BALP and TRACP), bone regulatory markers (OPG and RANKL), bone mineral density (BMD) close to cancer diagnosis, and risk of fragility fractures during a median of 7.5 years of follow up. RESULTS: Compared to patients with vitamin D deficiency, patients with sufficient levels had higher bone turnover, lower BMD, and higher fracture risk; the latter became non-significant after controlling for covariates including BMD and no longer existed when patients taking vitamin D supplement or bisphosphonates or with history of fracture or osteoporosis were excluded. There was a non-significant trend of higher levels of IL-1ß and TNF-α associated with higher risk of fracture (highest vs. lowest tertile, IL-1ß: adjusted HR=1.37, 95% CI=0.94-1.99; TNF-α: adjusted HR=1.38, 95% CI=0.96-1.98). CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support proinflammatory cytokines or vitamin D levels as predictors for risk of fragility fractures in women receiving AIs for breast cancer.

The Identification and Gene Mapping of Spotted Leaf Mutant spl43 in Rice.

Our study investigates the genetic mechanisms underlying the spotted leaf phenotype in rice, focusing on the spl43 mutant. This mutant is characterized by persistent reddish-brown leaf spots from the seedling stage to maturity, leading to extensive leaf necrosis. Using map-based cloning, we localized the responsible locus to a 330 Kb region on chromosome 2. We identified LOC_Os02g56000, named OsRPT5A, as the causative gene. A point mutation in OsRPT5A, substituting valine for glutamic acid, was identified as the critical factor for the phenotype. Functional complementation and the generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout lines in the IR64 background confirmed the central role of OsRPT5A in controlling this trait. The qPCR results from different parts of the rice plant revealed that OsRPT5A is constitutively expressed across various tissues, with its subcellular localization unaffected by the mutation. Notably, we observed an abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in spl43 mutants by examining the physiological indexes of leaves, suggesting a disruption in the ROS system. Complementation studies indicated OsRPT5A's involvement in ROS homeostasis and catalase activity regulation. Moreover, the spl43 mutant exhibited enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), highlighting OsRPT5A's role in rice pathogen resistance mechanisms. Overall, our results suggest that OsRPT5A plays a critical role in regulating ROS homeostasis and enhancing pathogen resistance in rice.

Dynamic changes and correlation analysis of microorganisms and flavonoids/ amino acids during white tea storage.

White tea stored for various times have different flavors. However, the mechanism of flavor conversion remains elusive. Flavonoids and amino acids are two typical flavor components in tea. Herein, the contents of 46 flavonoids and 40 amino acids were measured in white tea (Shoumei) stored for 1, 3, 5 and 7 years, respectively. L-tryptophan, L-ornithine and L-theanine contribute to the refreshing taste of Shoumei 1 and 3. Quercetin, rutin and hesperidin contribute to aging charm and grain aroma of Shoumei 5 and 7. 306 bacterial OTUs and 268 fungal OTUs core microbiota existed in all samples. Interestingly, white teas contained higher richness of fungi than bacteria. The correlation analysis showed that the cooperation with bacteria and fungi may result in the flavonoids and amino acids composition changes in white teas during storage. Overall, this study provides new insights into flavor conversion of white tea during storage.

Sodium Octahydridotriborate as a Solid Electrolyte with Excellent Stability Against Sodium-Metal Anode.

Solid-state sodium metal batteries have been extensively investigated because of their potential to improve safety, cost-effectiveness, and energy density. The development of such batteries urgently required a solid-state electrolyte with fast Na-ion conduction and favorable interfacial compatibility. Herein, the progress on developing the NaB3H8 solid-state electrolytes is reported, which show a liquid-like ionic conductivity of 0.05 S cm-1 at 56 °C with an activation energy of 0.35 eV after an order-disorder phase transformation, matching or surpassing the best single-anion hydridoborate conductors investigated up to now. The steady polarization voltage and significantly decreased resistance are achieved in the symmetric Na/NaB3H8/Na cell, indicating the great electrochemical stability and favorable interfacial contact with the Na metal of NaB3H8. Furthermore, a Na/NaB3H8/TiS2 battery, the first high-rate (up to 1 C) solid-state sodium metal battery using the single-anion hydridoborate electrolyte, is demonstrated, which exhibits superior rate capability (168.2 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and 141.2 mAh g-1 at 1 C) and long-term cycling stability (70.9% capacity retention at 1 C after 300 cycles) at 30 °C. This work may present a new possibility to solve the interfacial limitations and find a new group of solid-state electrolytes for high-performance sodium metal batteries.

Crystal structure characterization, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and DFT calculation studies of 1-(6-amino-5-nitro-naphthalen-2-yl)ethanone.

The title compound, C12H10N2O3, was obtained by the de-acetyl-ation reaction of 1-(6-amino-5-nitro-naphthalen-2-yl)ethanone in a concentrated sulfuric acid methanol solution. The mol-ecule comprises a naphthalene ring system bearing an acetyl group (C-3), an amino group (C-7), and a nitro group (C-8). In the crystal, the mol-ecules are assembled into a two-dimensional network by N⋯H/H⋯N and O⋯H/H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions. n-π and π-π stacking inter-actions are the dominant inter-actions in the three-dimensional crystal packing. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions are from O⋯H/H⋯O (34.9%), H⋯H (33.7%), and C⋯H/H⋯C (11.0%) contacts. The energies of the frontier mol-ecular orbitals were computed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP-D3BJ/def2-TZVP level of theory and the LUMO-HOMO energy gap of the mol-ecule is 3.765 eV.

PARP-1 selectively impairs KRAS-driven phenotypic and molecular features in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer with limited therapeutic options. KRAS mutations are among the most abundant genetic alterations in iCCA associated with poor clinical outcome and treatment response. Recent findings indicate that Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase1 (PARP-1) is implicated in KRAS-driven cancers, but its exact role in cholangiocarcinogenesis remains undefined. DESIGN: PARP-1 inhibition was performed in patient-derived and established iCCA cells using RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9 and pharmacological inhibition in KRAS-mutant, non-mutant cells. In addition, Parp-1 knockout mice were combined with iCCA induction by hydrodynamic tail vein injection to evaluate an impact on phenotypic and molecular features of Kras-driven and Kras-wildtype iCCA. Clinical implications were confirmed in authentic human iCCA. RESULTS: PARP-1 was significantly enhanced in KRAS-mutant human iCCA. PARP-1-based interventions preferentially impaired cell viability and tumourigenicity in human KRAS-mutant cell lines. Consistently, loss of Parp-1 provoked distinct phenotype in Kras/Tp53-induced versus Akt/Nicd-induced iCCA and abolished Kras-dependent cholangiocarcinogenesis. Transcriptome analyses confirmed preferential impairment of DNA damage response pathways and replicative stress response mediated by CHK1. Consistently, inhibition of CHK1 effectively reversed PARP-1 mediated effects. Finally, Parp-1 depletion induced molecular switch of KRAS-mutant iCCA recapitulating good prognostic human iCCA patients. CONCLUSION: Our findings identify the novel prognostic and therapeutic role of PARP-1 in iCCA patients with activation of oncogenic KRAS signalling.

Lysine succinylation analysis reveals the effect of Sirt5 on synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with complex etiology, and its pathological mechanism remains unclear. Our aim was to explore the effect of protein succinylation on RA by silencing Sirt5, sequencing succinylated proteins, and analyzing the sequencing results to identify potential biomarkers. We wanted to gain a clearer understanding of RA pathogenesis, quantitative assessment of succinylated proteins in Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from RA patients using liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry and enrichment analysis investigated using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). A total of 679 proteins and 2,471 lysine succinylation sites were found in RA patients, and 436 differentially expressed proteins and 1,548 differentially expressed succinylation sites were identified. Among them, 48 succinylation sites were upregulated in 38 proteins and 144 succinylation sites were downregulated in 82 proteins. Bioinformatics showed that succinylated proteins were significantly enriched in amino and fatty acid metabolisms. Results indicated that Sirt5 can affect various biological processes involved in RA FLSs, and succinylation caused by silencing Sirt5 plays a major role in RA progression. This study provides further understanding of RA pathogenesis and may facilitate searching for potential RA biomarkers.

Arsenate reductase of Rufibacter tibetensis is a metallophosphoesterase evolved to catalyze redox reactions.

An arsenate reductase (Car1) from the Bacteroidetes species Rufibacter tibetensis 1351T was isolated from the Tibetan Plateau. The strain exhibits resistance to arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] and reduces As(V) to As(III). Here we shed light on the mechanism of enzymatic reduction by Car1. AlphaFold2 structure prediction, active site energy minimization, and steady-state kinetics of wild-type and mutant enzymes give insight into the catalytic mechanism. Car1 is structurally related to calcineurin-like metallophosphoesterases (MPPs). It functions as a binuclear metal hydrolase with limited phosphatase activity, particularly relying on the divalent metal Ni2+. As an As(V) reductase, it displays metal promiscuity and is coupled to the thioredoxin redox cycle, requiring the participation of two cysteine residues, Cys74 and Cys76. These findings suggest that Car1 evolved from a common ancestor of extant phosphatases by incorporating a redox function into an existing MPP catalytic site. Its proposed mechanism of arsenate reduction involves Cys74 initiating a nucleophilic attack on arsenate, leading to the formation of a covalent intermediate. Next, a nucleophilic attack of Cys76 leads to the release of As(III) and the formation of a surface-exposed Cys74-Cys76 disulfide, ready for reduction by thioredoxin.

[The Preventive Effect of Levofloxacin Combined with G-CSF or Only G-CSF Supportive Therapy on Infection in Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of levofloxacin combined with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or only G-CSF supportive therapy in preventing infection in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(ASCT), and to analyze the length of hospital stay, hospitalization cost and post-transplant survival of the patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in the patients with hematological malignancies who accepted ASCT at our hospital from January 2012 to July 2022, the febrile neutropenia, the incidence of bacterial infection and the use rate of intravenous antibiotics in the levofloxacin+G-CSF group and only G-CSF support group during ASCT were observed. The length of hospital stay, total cost during hospitalization and survival after 90 days of transplantation between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: A total of 102 cases were included in this study, including 57 cases of multiple myeloma, 36 cases of acute leukaemia, 7 cases of lymphoma, 3 cases of myelodysplastic syndrome, 1 case of light chain amyloidosis, and 1 case of POEMS syndrome. 47 patients received levofloxacin+ G-CSF antibacterial prophylaxis, and 55 patients received G-CSF supportive therapy. In the levofloxacin+ G-CSF group, 40 cases (85.11%) developed febrile neutropenia, and 13 cases (27.66%) were confirmed as bacterial infection. In the G-CSF group, 44 cases (80.00%) developed febrile neutropenia, and 16 cases (29.09%) were bacterial infection. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of febrile neutropenia and bacterial infection between the two groups (χ2=0.46，P =0.50; χ2=0.03，P =0.87). The use rate of intravenous antibiotics in the levofloxacin+ G-CSF group was 85.11% (40/47), which was not statistically different from 85.45% (47/55) in the G-CSF group (χ2=0.04，P =0.84). The detection rates of levofloxacin-resistant bacteria in the levofloxacin+ G-CSF group and G-CSF group were 8.57% (3/35) and 21.43% (6/28), respectively, with no statistical difference (χ2=0.65, P >0.05). The median length and median cost of hospitalization in the levofloxacin+ G-CSF group and G-CSF group were 25 d vs 22 d and 78 216.24 yuan vs 80 724.38 yuan, with no statistically significant differences ( t =3.00，P =0.09; t =0.94，P =0.09). Within 90 days after transplantation, two cases (4.26%) died in the levofloxacin+ G-CSF group and one case (1.82%) died in the G-CSF group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ2=0.53，P =0.47). CONCLUSION: Application of levofloxacin+ G-CSF showed no significant benefit compared to G-CSF support for the prevention of bacterial infections during ASCT.

Efficient Carrier Multiplication in Self-Powered Near-Ultraviolet γ-InSe/Graphene Heterostructure Photodetector with External Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 161.

Carrier multiplication (CM) in semiconductors, the process of absorbing a single high-energy photon to form two or more electron-hole pairs, offers great potential for the high-response detection of high-energy photons in the ultraviolet spectrum. However, compared to two-dimensional semiconductors, conventional bulk semiconductors not only face integration and flexibility bottlenecks but also exhibit inferior CM performance. To attain efficient CM for ultraviolet detection, we designed a two-terminal photodetector featuring a unilateral Schottky junction based on a two-dimensional γ-InSe/graphene heterostructure. Benefiting from a strong built-in electric field, the photogenerated high-energy electrons in γ-InSe, an ideal ultraviolet light-absorbing layer, can efficiently transfer to graphene without cooling. It results in efficient CM within the graphene, yielding an ultrahigh responsivity of 468 mA/W and a record-high external quantum efficiency of 161.2% when it is exposed to 360 nm light at zero bias. This work provides valuable insights into developing next-generation ultraviolet photodetectors with high performance and low-power consumption.

Hypo-attenuating Berry Sign as a Novel Imaging Marker of Ruptured Aneurysm in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; a Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Introduction: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) constitutes a life-threatening condition, and identifying the ruptured aneurysm is essential for further therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of hypo-attenuating berry sign (HBS) observed on computed tomography (CT) scan in distinguishing ruptured aneurysms. Methods: In this diagnostic accuracy study, patients who had SAH and underwent non-enhanced brain CT scan were recruited. The HBS was defined as a hypo-attenuating area with an identifiable border in the blood-filled hyper-dense subarachnoid space. The screening performance characteristics of HBS in identifying ruptured aneurysms were calculated considering the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the gold standard. Results: A total of 129 aneurysms in 131 patients were analyzed. The overall sensitivity and specificity of HBS in the diagnosis of aneurysms were determined to be 78.7% (95%CI: 73.1% - 83.4%) and 70.7% (95%CI: 54.3% - 83.4%), respectively. Notably, the sensitivity increased to 90.9% (95%CI: 84.3% - 95.0%) for aneurysms larger than 5mm. The level of inter-observer agreement for assessing the presence of HBS was found to be substantial (kappa=0.734). The diagnostic accuracy of HBS in individuals exhibited enhanced specificity, sensitivity, and reliability when evaluating patients with a solitary aneurysm or assessing ruptured aneurysms. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between aneurysm size and the presence of HBS (odds ratios of 1.667 (95%CI: 1.238 - 2.244; p < 0.001) and 1.696 (95%CI: 1.231 - 2.335; p = 0.001) for reader 1 and reader 2, respectively). Conclusions: The HBS can serve as a simple and easy-to-use indicator for identifying a ruptured aneurysm and estimating its size in SAH patients.  .

Predictive potential of preoperative Naples prognostic score-based nomogram model for the prognosis in surgical resected thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients: A retrospective cohort study.

The present study aimed to establish an effective prognostic nomogram model based on the Naples prognostic score (NPS) for resectable thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A total of 277 patients with ESCC, who underwent standard curative esophagectomy and designated as study cohort, were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into different groups, including NPS 0, NPS 1, NPS 2, and NPS 3 or 4 groups, for further analysis, and the results were validated in an external cohort of 122 ESCC patients, who underwent surgery at another cancer center. In our multivariate analysis of the study cohort showed that the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, systemic inflammation score, and NPS were the independent prognostic factors for the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) durations. In addition, the differential grade was also an independent prognostic factor for the OS in the patients with ESCC after surgery (all P < .05). The area under the curve of receiver operator characteristics for the PFS and OS prediction with systemic inflammation score and NPS were 0.735 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.676-0.795, P < .001) and 0.835 (95% CI 0.786-0.884, P < .001), and 0.734 (95% CI 0.675-0.793, P < .001) and 0.851 (95% CI 0.805-0.896, P < .001), respectively. The above independent predictors for OS or PFS were all selected in the nomogram model. The concordance indices (C-indices) of the nomogram models for predicting OS and PFS were 0.718 (95% CI 0.681-0.755) and 0.669 (95% CI 0.633-0.705), respectively, which were higher than that of the 7th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system [C-index 0.598 (95% CI 0.558-0.638) for OS and 0.586 (95% CI 0.546-0.626) for PFS]. The calibration curves for predicting the 5-year OS or PFS showed a good agreement between the prediction by nomogram and actual observation. In the external validation cohort, the nomogram discrimination for OS was better than that of the 7th edition of TNM staging systems [C-index: 0.697 (95% CI 0.639-0.755) vs 0.644 (95% CI 0.589-0.699)]. The calibration curves showed good consistency in predicting the 5-year survival between the actual observation and nomogram predictions. The decision curve also showed a higher potential of the clinical application of predicting the 5-years OS of the proposed nomogram model as compared to that of the 7th edition of TNM staging systems. The preoperative NPS-based nomogram model had a certain potential role for predicting the prognosis of ESCC patients.

HIF-1α facilitates glioma proliferation and invasion by activating pyroptosis signaling axis.

BACKGROUND: HIF-1α is thought to be a novel regulator which contributes to carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of HIF-1α in gliomas remains largely unknown. METHODS: In the research, we demonstrate that HIF-lα mRNA and protein levels are elevated in glioma cells. The colony formation assays, transwell assays, and wound-healing assays showed that overexpression of HIF-1α promoted proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. RESULTS: Overexpression of HIF-lα also increased the expression of inflammatory factors related to pyrolysis (TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-1ß) and protein related to pyrolysis signal pathway (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, GSDMD, and GSDME). CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, we speculate that HIF-1α promotes the proliferation and invasion of glial cells by regulating pyrolysis pathway. These results might provide a novel strategy and target for treatment of glioma.

Electroactive polymer tag modified nanosensors for enhanced intracellular ATP detection.

ATP plays a crucial role in cell energy supply, so the quantification of intracellular ATP levels is particularly important for understanding many physio-pathological processes. The intracellular quantification of this non-electroactive molecule can be realized using aptamer-modified nanoelectrodes, but is hindered by the limited quantity of modification and electroactive tags on the nanosized electrodes. Herein, we developed a simple but effective electrochemical signal amplification strategy for intracellular ATP detection, which replaces the regular ATP aptamer-linked ferrocene monomer with a polymer, thus greatly magnifying the amounts of electrochemical reporters linked to one chain of the aptamer and enhancing the signals. This ferrocene polymer-ATP aptamer was further immobilized onto Au nanowire electrodes (SiC@C@Au NWEs) to achieve accurate quantification of intracellular ATP in single cells, presenting high electrochemical signal output and high specificity. This work not only provides a powerful tool for quantifying intracellular ATP but also offers a simple and versatile strategy for electrochemical signal amplification in the detection of broader non-electroactive molecules involved in different kinds of intracellular physiological processes.