Development and thinking of Chinese radiation medicine / 中华疾病控制杂志

In this paper, we reviewed the initiation and development of radiation medicine in China, field researches on the health effects of nuclear test and the great leap from the final reports, advance in clinical diagnosis and treatment of radiation injury, and research of radiation combined injuries. Nowadays, China makes great efforts to move up further in development and peaceful use of nuclear energy as one nuclear power. So, nuclear development and nuclear safety have ushered in new opportunities and challenges. To this end, we must maintain a clear understanding, grasp new opportunities, meet new challenges, and be prepared for danger. Thus, a bright future for research in radiation medicine will come.

Studies on the treatment of combined radiation-burn injury / 中华烧伤杂志

Combined radiation-burn injuries mainly occur under the circumstances of nuclear explosion, nuclear accident, nuclear terrorism, depleted uranium attack, as well as secondary injuries following attack on nuclear installation. Combination of burn and radiation injuries bring along more serious whole body damage, more complicated pathological mechanism and much more difficult management. Research progress on the pathological mechanism and medical management of several key links of combined injury were discussed in this paper. (1) Enhancement of early first aid and prevention of early death of wounded. (2) Damage and restoration of hemopoietic function. (3) Disturbance of immune function and prevention and treatment of infection (mainly on the intestinal mucosa immunity and enterological infection). (4) Management of burn wound. (5) The role of several important measures in the comprehensive treatment.

Effects of blood serum from rats with combined radiation-thermal injury on the bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells growth / 中国实验血液学杂志

To observe the effects of blood serum from rats with radiation injury, thermal injury and combined radiation-thermal lesions on growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells and the change of their serum cytokine levels, total body irradiation of rats was performed with 12 Gy gamma ray from a (60)Co source, and 30% total body surface area III degree thermal lesion on the back was inflicted with a 5 kW bromotungsten lamp. The blood serum from these animals was collected at 3, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after injury. Then the blood serum was added to the culture medium of erythrocyte progenitor cells (CFU-E, BFU-E) or granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) at final concentration of 10 microg/ml. The results showed that the colony number of CFU-E, BFU-E and CFU-GM formed after addition of the blood serum from rats with thermal or combined radiation-thermal injury was significantly higher than that from normal rats at 3, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after injury and reached its peak value at 24 hours after injury (342.8, 261.6 and 228.4% respectively from burned rats, 252.4, 205.1 and 174.2% respectively from rats with combined radiation-thermal injury as compared with that of normal rats). However, a few CFU-E, BFU-E or CFU-GM formation was found after addition of the blood serum from irradiated rats. At the same time, the level of TNF alpha and IL-6 in serum of burn group and combined radiation-thermal injury group was markedly higher than that of normal group, even more higher than that of irradiation injury group (P < 0.01). It is concluded that the blood serum from rats with thermal lesion or combined radiation-thermal injury improves the growth of erythrocyte and granulocyte progenitor cells. On the contrary, the blood serum from the irradiated rats shows the inhibiting effects, definitely related to their serum cytokines changes.

The role of p38 on the differentiation of MSCs to myoblasts / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>Inducing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate to myoblasts with 5-azacytidine(5-Aza-CR), investigating the expression of Myf5 and the role of the signal transduction case of p38 in all the course of differentiation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Separating and purifying bone marrow-derived MSCs, inducing MSCs differentiation to myoblasts with 10 micromol/L 5-Aza-CR, assaying the gene expression time of Myf5 with RT-PCR method, the antigen expression of myosin with immunohistochemistry method and observing the changes of the activity of phosphorylation p38 before and after inhibited by SB203580 with Western-blot method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MSCs begin to express Myf5 delayed to the 9th day after inhibited by SB203580. Some of MSCs express myosin at the 7th day after induced; The phosphorylation p38 activity of MSCs enhanced after induced by 5-Aza-CR but obviously decreased after inhibited by SB203580.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MSCs can express myogenic regulator factors and orientation differentiate to myoblasts after induced by 5-Aza-CR, p38 really have a positive signal transduction affection in this course.</p>

The role of homeobox B2 gene in vascular endothelial proliferation and the protective effects of VEGF on the endothelia against radiation injury / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of HOXB2 gene in the proliferation of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the protective effects of VEGF on the endothelia against radiation injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HUVECs were isolated, cultured, subcultured and identified. (1) Liposome coated oligodeoxynucleotide (odn) and homeoboxB2 antisense oligodeoxyncleotide (HOXB2asodn) were prepared prepared in the concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 mg/L for the stimulation of HUVEC. (3)H-TdR incorporation test and MTT method were employed to determine the proliferation activity of HUVECs after activation. The cell cycle analysis of HUVECs was determined by flow cytometry. The expression level of HOXB2mRNA within HUVECs was detected by RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). (2) HUVECs were separately treated with the addition of VEGF in concentration of 50 microg/L, by radiation in the dose of 6 Gy or 12 Gy (60)Co gamma gamma ray, or radiation with 12 Gy (60)Co gamma gamma ray followed by the addition of VEGF in dose of 50 microg/L. The cellular morphology was observed and the cellular proliferation activity was determined by MTT method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The proliferation activity of HUVECs could be markedly inhibited by liposome coated HOXB2asodn in comparison to liposome-odn (P < 0.05 or 0.001), and the inhibition effect was positively correlated with the increase in asodn concentration. The cell ratio in S phase and the expression level of the HOXB2mRNA could be lowered by asodn in dose of 2.5 mg/L (P < 0.05 or 0.001). (2) Radiation by (60)Co gamma ray could lead to the nuclear enlargement, vacuolation in the cytoplasm, multiplicity of nucleus and nuclear swelling. The proliferative activity of HUVECs was increased from 0.365 +/- 0.047 and 0.487 +/- 0.022 without radiation to 0.557 +/- 0.042 and 0.648 +/- 0.021 24 and 48 hours after 6 Gy radiation However it was decreased to 0.263 +/- 0.038 and 0.306 +/- 0.024 (P < 0.01) after 12 Gy (60)Co gamma ray radiation. Nevertheless, the cell morphology was obviously improved and the proliferation was enhanced by the addition of VEGF after 12 Gy radiation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HOXB2 gene played important roles in the biological activities of HUVECs. Small dose (6 Gy) gamma-radiation could promote, but large dose (12 Gy) could decrease the mRNA expression of HOXB2 gene in HUVECs. In addition, VEGF could protect HUVECs against radiation injury.</p>

Effect of lipopolysacharide on the biological features and growth factor secretion power of U937 cell line / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of lipopolysacharide (LPS) in different concentrations on the biological features and growth factor secretion power of U937 cell line.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In vitro cultured U937 cells were stimulated by 0 (as control), 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 50.0 and 100 micro g/ml LPS respectively for 24 hours. Thereafter, the cell proliferation ability was determined by MTT method. The cell apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry. The changes in the contents of transforming growth factor beta(1) (TGFbeta(1)) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of the supernatant of the cell culture were assessed by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Apoptosis and TGFbeta(1) secretion could be induced by LPS in dose of 0.1 to 100 micro g/ml when compared with that without LPS challenge (P < 0.05 - 0.01). In detail, LPS in lower dose (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 micro g/ml) could promote the proliferation of U937 (P < 0.05 - 0.01) but exerted no effect on VEGF secretion. In contrary, LPS in high dose (50 and 100 micro g/ml) could promote VEGF secretion (P < 0.01) but exerted no effects on the proliferation of U937 cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>U937 cells could be activated to increase the secretion of TGFbeta(1) by LPS in optimal dose of 0.1 - 10.0 micro g/ml, but the secretion of VEGF could only be promoted by LPS in higher concentration.</p>

Effects of total body irradiation injury on the participation of dermal fibroblasts in tissue repair / 生理学报

Wound combined with total body irradiation (TBI) injury results in impairment of tissue repair and delayed processes of healing, so it has been considered as an important and representative model of impaired wound healing, but the mechanism is not fully clarified. Fibroblasts in wound are the most important cells participating in tissue repair, whereas its radiosensitivity is not high. To understand whether TBI injury has direct damaging effects on fibroblasts in wound, fibroblasts in wound combined with TBI injury and in wound of simple incision injury were isolated and cultured, and parameters associated with tissue repair were determined. The results showed that the abilities of proliferation, attachment and adhesion of fibroblasts isolated from wounds combined with TBI injury significantly decreased as compared with those of simple incision injury, nevertheless, apoptotic ratio of fibroblasts isolated from wounds combined with TBI injury increased significantly. These data suggest that TBI injury may cause direct damaging effects on fibroblasts in wounds, which might be one of the dominant reasons for impairment of wound healing when it is combined with TBI injury.

Experimental study on preventive and therapeutic effec ts of 5 radioprotectants on combined radiation-burn injured mice / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To compare the irradiation-protective and inter-synergestic effects of E838,WR-2721, Rubia cordifolia, cystamin e hydrochloride and ethinyl estradiol on radiation and combined radiation-burn injury. Methods　Above-mentioned drugs were given to the mice i ntraperitoneally, or intragastrcally, then, the mortality and the average surviv al d for 30 d were observed before and after the administration of the drug s. Results　①When drugs were before injury , the survival rate and the average survival d of the radiation and combined radiation-burn injured mice were increased obviously with the best effect in E838 and WR-2721. ②When drugs were given after injury, E838 and R. cordifolia also kept the effect. ③Combined appling WR-2721（pre) and E838（post）displayed a significant syner gistic reaction. Conclusion　E838 and WR-2721 are more e ffective than the others in the prevention of radiation.

Experimental study on preventive and therapeutic effec ts of 5 radioprotectants on combined radiation-burn injured mice / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To compare the irradiation-protective and inter-synergestic effects of E838,WR-2721, Rubia cordifolia, cystamin e hydrochloride and ethinyl estradiol on radiation and combined radiation-burn injury. Methods　Above-mentioned drugs were given to the mice i ntraperitoneally, or intragastrcally, then, the mortality and the average surviv al d for 30 d were observed before and after the administration of the drug s. Results　①When drugs were before injury , the survival rate and the average survival d of the radiation and combined radiation-burn injured mice were increased obviously with the best effect in E838 and WR-2721. ②When drugs were given after injury, E838 and R. cordifolia also kept the effect. ③Combined appling WR-2721（pre) and E838（post）displayed a significant syner gistic reaction. Conclusion　E838 and WR-2721 are more e ffective than the others in the prevention of radiation.