Defect Detection of MEMS Based on Data Augmentation, WGAN-DIV-DC, and a YOLOv5 Model.

Surface defect detection of micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) acoustic thin film plays a crucial role in MEMS device inspection and quality control. The performances of deep learning object detection models are significantly affected by the number of samples in the training dataset. However, it is difficult to collect enough defect samples during production. In this paper, an improved YOLOv5 model was used to detect MEMS defects in real time. Mosaic and one more prediction head were added into the YOLOv5 baseline model to improve the feature extraction capability. Moreover, Wasserstein divergence for generative adversarial networks with deep convolutional structure (WGAN-DIV-DC) was proposed to expand the number of defect samples and to make the training samples more diverse, which improved the detection accuracy of the YOLOv5 model. The optimal detection model achieved 0.901 mAP, 0.856 F1 score, and a real-time speed of 75.1 FPS. As compared with the baseline model trained using a non-augmented dataset, the mAP and F1 score of the optimal detection model increased by 8.16% and 6.73%, respectively. This defect detection model would provide significant convenience during MEMS production.

Unsupervised anomaly detection of MEMS in low illumination based on polarimetric Support Vector Data Description.

Low illuminated images make it challenging to conduct anomaly detection on material surface. Adding polarimetric information helps expand pixel range and recover background structure of network inputs. In this letter, an anomaly detection method in low illumination is proposed which utilizes polarization imaging and patch-wise Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) model. Polarimetric information of Micro Electromechanical System (MEMS) surface is captured by a division-of-focal- plane (DoFP) polarization camera and used to enhance low illuminated images. The enhanced images without defects serve as training sets of model to make it available for anomaly detection. The proposed method can generate heatmaps to locate defects correctly. It reaches 0.996 anomaly scores, which is 22.4% higher than that of low illuminated images and even higher than normal illuminated images.

High-level soluble expression of human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase with high activity in Escherichia coli.

As the most important member of antioxidant defense system, human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (hCu,Zn-SOD) protects cells against the free radicals produced by aerobic metabolism. hCu,Zn-SOD has been widely used in food, cosmetic and medicine industry due to its health benefits and therapeutic potentials. However, a more extensive application of hCu,Zn-SOD is limited by the challenge of expensive and low production of high-activity hCu,Zn-SOD in large scale. In this study, the codon-optimized hCu,Zn-SOD gene was synthesized, cloned into pET-28a( +) and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). After induction with IPTG or lactose, hCu,Zn-SOD was highly expressed as soluble form in LB medium with 800 µM Cu2+ and 20 µM Zn2+ at 25 °C. The recombinant hCu,Zn-SOD was efficiently purified by nickel affinity chromatography. Through optimization of fed-batch fermentation conditions, 342 mg purified hCu,Zn-SOD was obtained from 1 L cultures fermented in a 3-L bioreactor. Furthermore, the recombinant hCu,Zn-SOD retained the enzymatic specific activity of 46,541 U/mg. This study has opened up an effective avenue for industrial production of hCu,Zn-SOD through microbial fermentation in the future.

Satisfaction analysis on day-parting appointment for elderly hypertension contracted outpatients in community / 上海预防医学

Objective To study the application effect of day-parting appointment for elderly hypertensive contracted outpatients in community. Methods In May 2018 two groups (experiment and control) of 103 elderly hypertensive contracted outpatients, aged between 60 and 80 and looked after by the team of family doctors, who had been diagnosed with hypertension and with medication for at least one year were set up.The experimental group used self-made community hypertension visiting card for appointments, and the control group used the original way of treatment.Six months later, comparison was made in blood pressure control, the number of outpatients, the time consumed and the satisfaction between the two groups. Results It was found in comparison that the blood pressure standard-reaching rate of the experimental group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05);outpatients′ visits and time consumed were less than those of the control group, the time used in the clinic room was longer than that in the control group; the differences in these aspects between the two groups were significant (P < 0.05);the satisfaction of the overall outpatient perception, attitude of family doctors, treatment technology, visits control, dosage, cost and safety of medication in the experimental group were better than in the control group; there were significant differences in these aspects between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion Community day-parting appointment proves to be more convenient, more time-saving and safer for outpatients, greatly improving the medical quality and satisfaction for community outpatients.

Tetrocarcin Q, a New Spirotetronate with a Unique Glycosyl Group from a Marine-Derived Actinomycete Micromonospora carbonacea LS276.

A new spirotetronate glycoside tetrocarcin Q (1) and six known analogues tetrocarcin A (2), AC6H (3), tetrocarcin N (4), tetrocarcin H (5), arisostatin A (6), and tetrocarcin F1 (7) were isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine-derived actinomycete Micromonospora carbonacea LS276. Their chemical structures were established on the basis of 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, as well as HR-ESI-MS analysis. The absolute configurations of their stereogenic carbons were determined by circular dichroism (CD) analysis. Compound 1 possesses 2-deoxy-allose, which is a unique sugar type at the C-9 position. This type has not been found in the previously reported spirotetronate glycosides. Compound 1 displayed moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subitlis ATCC 63501 with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 12.5 µM.

[Reduction and Oxidation of Mercury by Dissolved Organic Matter Under Anaerobic Conditions].

In sediments, wetlands, and flooded paddy soils, natural organic matter (DOM), such as humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA), exist in a reduced state and mediate the reduction of Hg(Ⅱ) and affect the transformation of mercury and geochemical cycles. This study simulated a dark anaerobic environment to study the reduction of Hg(Ⅱ) by reduced HA and FA. Compared to oxidized HA and FA, the reduction capacity of the reduced HA and FA for Hg(Ⅱ) were higher. The optimal concentrations of reduced HA and FA to reduce Hg(Ⅱ) to Hg(0) were 0.2 mg·L-1 and 1.5 mg·L-1, respectively. The reduction quantity of Hg(Ⅱ) was enhanced with the increased concentration of reduced HA and FA at a lower than optimal concentration, whereas the reduction quantity of Hg(Ⅱ) decreased with increasing concentration of reduced HA and FA at a higher than optimal concentration due to the occurrence of thiol-competitive complexation. Hg(Ⅱ) was not reduced at a reduced HA concentration of 5 mg·L-1. The kinetics results of Hg(Ⅱ) reduction demonstrated that the reduction rates were IHSS-HA > FRC-HA > FRC-FA at a low molar ratio (dissolved organic carbon (DOC):Hg(Ⅱ)=400:1). The reduction of Hg(Ⅱ) by the reduced HA stopped or processed in the opposite direction at a high molar ratio (DOC:Hg(Ⅱ)=10000:1). The quantity of Hg(0) decreased with increasing HA concentration. Furthermore, as the concentrations of reduced HA and FA were increased to 5 mg·L-1 and 10 mg·L-1, respectively, no Hg(0) was detected in the samples. The experiment of the recovery confirmed that reduced HA and FA reacted with Hg(0). Additionally, reduced HA, FA, and Hg(0) induced oxidative complexation with sulfhydryl or disulfide bonds. Reduced DOM played a dual role in Hg redox reactions, affecting the availability of active Hg, which, in turn, affected the methylation of microbial Hg.

[Long-term outcomes of arthroscopy and non-surgical therapy in patients with knee synovial plica syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the long-term outcomes of arthroscopy and non-surgical therapy in patients with knee synovial plica syndrome (SPS). METHODS: Thirty-one patients with knee SPS undergoing arthroscopic surgery and 27 SPS patients undergoing conservative treatment with articular cavity injection of sodium hyaluronate (control group) were compared for visual pain score (VAS) and the Lysholm score before and after the operation. The patients were followed-up for more than 5 years, and the long-term outcomes were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: s VAS and the Lysholm scores in both groups were significantly lowered after treatment (P<0.05). The postoperative VAS score was significantly lower while the Lysholm score significantly higher in arthroscopic surgery group than in the control group (P<0.05). Arithmetic mean and the median time of curative effect maintenance were 49 and 43 months in arthroscopic surgery group, as compared with 33 and 29 months in the control group, respectively; the cumulative effect maintenance rate in arthroscopic surgery group was significantly higher than that in the control group (Χ2=4.933, P=4.933). CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic treatment produces better therapeutic effect on knee joint SPS and ensures longer long-term therapeutic effect maintenance than conservative treatment.

[Prediction of PAHs Bioavailability in Spiked Soil by Composite Extraction with Hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin and Rhamnolipid].

In this study, composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) was selected to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). The results showed that when RL was more than the critical micelle concentration, apparent solubility of PAHs increased due to micellar solubilization of RL. So more PAHs were desorbed from solid phase of soil. Real biological experiments showed that there was a good linear relationship between earthworm-accumulated PAHs and HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs (R2=0.98, n=15). However, earthworm-accumulated PAHs was 2.04 times higher than HPCD-extracted PAHs, but only 1.15 times higher than HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs. This indicated that HPCD/RL was more actual and reliable than HPCD in the assessment of PAHs bioavailability to earthworms. Therefore, the addition of RL, to some extent, enhanced the prediction ability of HPCD in PAHs bioavailability, which might provide a new direction and implications in risk assessment and bioremediation of organic contaminants.

Long-term outcomes of arthroscopy and non-surgical therapy in patients with knee synovial plica syndrome / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the long-term outcomes of arthroscopy and non-surgical therapy in patients with knee synovial plica syndrome (SPS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-one patients with knee SPS undergoing arthroscopic surgery and 27 SPS patients undergoing conservative treatment with articular cavity injection of sodium hyaluronate (control group) were compared for visual pain score (VAS) and the Lysholm score before and after the operation. The patients were followed-up for more than 5 years, and the long-term outcomes were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>s VAS and the Lysholm scores in both groups were significantly lowered after treatment (P<0.05). The postoperative VAS score was significantly lower while the Lysholm score significantly higher in arthroscopic surgery group than in the control group (P<0.05). Arithmetic mean and the median time of curative effect maintenance were 49 and 43 months in arthroscopic surgery group, as compared with 33 and 29 months in the control group, respectively; the cumulative effect maintenance rate in arthroscopic surgery group was significantly higher than that in the control group (Χ2=4.933, P=4.933).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Arthroscopic treatment produces better therapeutic effect on knee joint SPS and ensures longer long-term therapeutic effect maintenance than conservative treatment.</p>

Inhibitory effect of ilexpernoside C from Ilex pernyi on aggregated LDL-induced foam cells formation / 中国中药杂志

The aggregation of macrophage-derived foam cells on vascular wall is considered to be a main cause of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of the compound ilexpernoside C (IC1) extracted from Ilex pernyi (Aquifoliaceae) on foam cell formation in THP-1 macrophages cells which were induced by low density lipoproteins aggregates (LDL aggregates). Results showed that IC1 could significantly inhibit the formation of foam cells. The analysis on related receptors of foam cells indicated that IC1 could significantly decrease the expression of low density lipoprotein-related receptor 1(LRP1). Therefore, these findings indicated that IC1 inhibited the formation of foam cells by inhibiting endocytosis of macrophages, thus it may act as a potential anti-atherosclerotic agent.

[Aging Law of PAHs in Contaminated Soil and Their Enrichment in Earthworms Characterized by Chemical Extraction Techniques].

To evaluate the effect of aging on the availability of PAHs, chemical extraction by exhaustive ( ASE extraction) and nonexhaustive techniques (Tenax-TA extraction, hydroxypropyl-p-cyclodextrin ( HPCD ) extraction, n-butyl alcohol ( BuOH) extraction) as well as PAHs accumulation in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were conducted in yellow soil from Baguazhou, Nanjing, China, and red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene, pryene and benzo(a) pyrene and aged 0, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. The results showed that the concentration of PAHs extracted by ASE and three nonexhaustive techniques and accumulated by earthworms significantly decreased with aging time, except the ASE extracted concentration between 30-and 60-day aging time. Furthermore, the relationships were studied in this experiment between chemical extracted PAHs concentration and accumulated concentration in earthworms. PAHs accumulated concentration in earthworms was not significantly correlated with the exhaustive extracted concentration of PAHs in soil (R² 0.44-0.56), which indicated that ASE extraction techniques could not predict PAHs bioavailability to earthworms because it overestimated the risk of PAHs. However, the PAHs accumulated concentration in earthworms was significantly correlated with the three nonexhaustive extracted concentrations of PAHs in soil, which indicated that all the three nonexhaustive techniques could predict PAHs bioavailability to earthworm to some extent, among which, HPCD extraction (R² 0.94-0.99) was better than Tenax-TA extraction (R² 0.62-0.87) and BuOH extraction (R² 0.69-0.94). So HPCD extraction was a more appropriate and reliable technique to predict bioavailability of PAHs in soil.

Microsieve lab-chip device for rapid enumeration and fluorescence in situ hybridization of circulating tumor cells.

Herein we present a lab-chip device for highly efficient and rapid detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from whole blood samples. The device utilizes a microfabricated silicon microsieve with a densely packed pore array (10(5) pores per device) to rapidly separate tumor cells from whole blood, utilizing the size and deformability differences between the CTCs and normal blood cells. The whole process, including tumor cell capture, antibody staining, removal of unwanted contaminants and immunofluorescence imaging, was performed directly on the microsieve within an integrated microfluidic unit, interconnected to a peristaltic pump for fluid regulation and a fluorescence microscope for cell counting. The latter was equipped with a dedicated digital image processing program which was developed to automatically categorize the captured cells based on the immunofluorescence images. A high recovery rate of >80% was achieved with defined numbers of MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cells spiked into human whole blood and filtered at a rapid flow rate of 1 mL min(-1). The device was further validated with blood drawn from various cancer patients (8 samples). The whole process, from sample input to result, was completed in 1.5 h. In addition, we have also successfully demonstrated on-microsieve fluorescence in situ hybridization for single cell molecular analysis. This simple method has great potential to supplant existing complex CTC detection schemes for cancer metastasis analysis.

[Influence and assessment of biochar on the bioavailability of chlorobenzenes in soil].

A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the influence of biochar on the residues of chlorobenzenes (CBs) in soil. Two treatments as the control and the addition of 1% wheat straw biochar were designed. Three chemical extractions as butanol, HPCD and Tenax extractions and earthworm accumulation were used to assess the changes of the bioavailability of CBs in soil. The results showed that the residues of HCB, PeCB and 1,2,4,5-TeCB in the control were 29.87%, 18.02% and 5.16% after 4 months incubation, however, the residues of HCB, PeCB and 1,2,4,5-TeCB in biochar amended soil were 68.25%, 61.32% and 58.02%, respectively, indicating that biochar amendment would inhibit the dissipation of CBs in soil. Butanol, HPCD and Tenax extraction as well as earthworm accumulation results demonstrated that the bioavailability of CBs in soil was significantly affected by biochar amendment (P < 0.05). With aging time increase, the biochar amendment significantly lowered the bioavailability of CBs. The extraction ratios differed among different chemical extraction methods. The extraction ratio was HCB > PeCB > 1,2,4,5-TeCB for butanol and Tenax extraction, while 1,2,4,5-TeCB > PeCB > HCB for HPCD extraction. The bioaccumulation factor of CBs by earthworm was significantly lower in biochar amended soil compared to the control (P < 0.05). This study showed that the biochar could reduce the bioavailability of organic pollutants, however, the high residues of the pollutants in soil showed potential environmental risk.

Clinical features of neoplastic pathological fracture in long bones / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Pathological fractures signify a potentially more aggressive subset of the original disease with higher misdiagnosis rates and inferior oncologic results. The purpose of the present study was to explore the clinical features of neoplastic pathological fracture in extremities.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2002 to December 2010, a consecutive series of 139 patients suffering neoplastic pathological fracture were recruited, including 79 males and 60 females with a mean age of 31.3 years. Fractures were classified into five groups: tumor-like lesions (55), benign bone tumors (13), giant cell tumors (7), primary malignant bone tumors (28), and metastatic bone tumors (36). Based on their inducing forces, pathologic fractures were classified into four grades: spontaneous fracture, functional fracture, minor injury, and traumatic injury. Patients' age, fracture site, histological diagnoses, fracture forces, prodromes, and misdiagnosis were well reviewed. Kruskal-Wallis and χ(2) tests were used to compare forces and prodromes within different types of bone tumors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The highest pathologic fracture morbidity was 32.3% (45/139), which lay in the 11 - 20 year group, and 86.1% of metastatic tumors occurred in the 50 - 80 year group. The common sites of fractures were femur, humerus, and tibia. The fracture forces in benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions are the strongest, followed by metastatic tumors and primary malignant bone tumors (H(C) = 80.980, P = 0.000). Sixty-seven patients (48.2%) had local prodromes before pathologic fracture. The incidence rates of prodromes between primary malignant tumors and metastatic bone tumors had no significant difference (P = 0.146), but they were all obviously higher than that of benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions. Twenty patients experienced misdiagnosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Minor injury forces and local prodromes are clinical features of neoplastic pathologic fractures and they are also the critical factor avoiding misdiagnoses.</p>

[Degradation of highly-chlorinated benzenes by nanoscale iron and palladized iron in aqueous system].

Adsorption and degradation of three typical chlorinated benzenes (CBs) were evaluated using commercial nanoscale Fe (nFe) and synthesized palladized Fe (Pd/nFe) via batch experiments. The results showed that the adsorption capacity exhibited significant difference between various conditions, of which its maximum adsorption amount reached with Tris-buffered solution of pH = 6. 8. 1, 2, 4, 5-TeCB can be dechlorinated by Pd/nFe efficiently within 20 hours. The degradation rates were 75% and 92% in pure water system and Tris-buffered solution, respectively. However, nFe seemed to be inactive to 1, 2, 4, 5-TeCB with final degradation rate of about 25%. Meanwhile, Pd/nFe also only had slight degradation capacities to HCB and PeCB when compared to 1, 2, 4, 5-TeCB. 1, 2, 3, 4-TeCB, 1, 2, 3-TCB and 1, 2-DCB are the only products that were detected during the whole experiments, indicating that chlorine atoms of CBs with less steric effect were preferred to be dechlorinated. The degradation can be fitted by pseudo first order equations. The observed rate constants were ranged from 0. 14 4 h(-1) to 0.115 2 h(-1).

[Mild solvent extraction technique for the evaluation of PAHs bioavailability].

n-butanol and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) were used to extract polyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from 9 aged agricultural fields and to assess the PAHs bioavailability to earthworm (Eisenia fetida). It was demonstrated that the high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs (> or = 4 rings) contribute the largest proportions (4-ring PAHs: 34.06%, 5-6 rings: 34.09%) to the contaminants in long-term aged field soils. Moreover, the light molecular weight PAHs were easily accumulated in the earthworm,while the high molecular weight PAHs were hard to accumulate. The extraction by mild solvent correlated well with the 3 ring PAHs (r2 0.77-0.79) but not for the other rings PAHs (r2 <0.35), indicating that mild extraction may not serve as a good predictor of PAHs bioavailability to earthworm.

A self-contained all-in-one cartridge for sample preparation and real-time PCR in rapid influenza diagnosis.

Herein we present a fully automated system with pseudo-multiplexing capability for rapid infectious disease diagnosis. The all-in-one system was comprised of a polymer cartridge, a miniaturized thermal cycler, 1-color, 3-chamber fluorescence detectors for real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR), and a pneumatic fluidic delivery unit consisting of two pinch-valve manifolds and two pneumatic pumps. The disposable, self-contained cartridge held all the necessary reagents for viral RNA purification and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection, which took place all within the completely sealed cartridge. The operator only needed to pipette the patient's sample with lysis buffer into the cartridge, and the system would automatically perform the entire sample preparation and diagnosis within 2.5 h. We have successfully employed this system for seasonal influenza A H1N1 typing and sub-typing, obtaining comparable sensitivity as the experiments conducted using manual RNA extraction and commercial thermal cycler. A minimum detectable virus loading of 100 copies per µl has been determined by serial dilution experiments. This all-in-one desktop system would be suitable for decentralized disease diagnosis at immigration check points and outpatient clinics, and would not require highly skilled operators.

[Evaluation of bioavailability of hexachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene to rice roots in soils by accelerated solvent extraction].

A pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse in two types of soils, Hydragric Acrisols (Ac) and Gleyi-Stagnic Anthrosols (An). Three treatments as control and the additions of 1% and 2% organic fertilizer were designed in each type of soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation abilities of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and its predominant metabolite of pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) by rice roots, and to compare the correlation between HCB or PeCB concentrations in rice roots and in soils extracted by four extraction solvents (hexane/acetone = 3/1(V/V), ethanol, hexane, water) to evaluate the bioavailability of HCB and PeCB to rice roots. The results showed that the mean concentrations of HCB in rice roots for Ac and An were 364.1 and 306.0 ng/g, respectively, while PeCB were 12.7 and 28.7 ng/g, respectively, which was due to the higher degradation rates of HCB in An than in Ac. Both the applications of 1% and 2% organic fertilizer inhibited HCB degradation, so as to decrease PeCB concentrations in rice roots either in Ac or An. The orders of correlation coefficient of both HCB and PeCB concentrations in rice roots and in soils extracted by four extraction solvents were ethanol > hexane/acetone > hexane > water, which indicated that ethanol was the best extraction solvent of soils to evaluate the bioavailability of HCB and PeCB to rice roots. Only the HCB concentrations in soils extracted by ethanol were significantly positive correlated with the HCB concentrations in rice roots. And the PeCB concentrations in soils extracted by all solvents except for water were significantly positive correlated with the PeCB concentrations in rice roots. Our results suggested that it was feasible to evaluate the bioavailability of HCB and PeCB to rice roots using accelerated solvent extraction by choosing proper extraction solvent.

[Enrichment characteristics and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in pine (Pinus massoniana lamb) needles from parks in Nanjing City, China].

The concentrations of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb) needles from 8 urban parks in Nanjing City (China) were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography, and the source apportionment of PAHs in pine needles was studied using diagnostic ratios. The results show that the total PAHs concentrations (sigma PAHs) accumulated in needles from different parks ranged from 909.8 (Linggu Temple) to 2 129.6 ng x g(-1) (Mochou Lake), with an average of 1438.0 ng x g(-1). The PAHs in pine needles mainly associates with 2,3-ring PAHs and 4-ring PAHs, accounting for 66.4% and 29.6% of the sigma PAHs, respectively, while 5,6-ring PAHs only accounts for 4% of the sigma PAHs. Phenanthrene is the dominant PAH with an average concentration of 591.4 ng x g(-1). The average concentration of Benzo (a) pyrene, the most carcinogenic PAH, is 5.1 ng x g(-1). The source apportionment indicates that vehicle emission is the predominant source for PAHs in the pine needles.

[Effect of long-term fertilization on dissipation of pentachlorophenol in red paddy field].

Dissipation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) with initial concentration of 85 mg/kg in red paddy field with rice cultivation and non-rice cultivation were investigated under the conditions of four long-term fertilization treatments, including the ones without fertilizer (CK), application of urea (N), application of organic fertilizer (OM), and N + OM. The results showed that the extractable PCP residues in surface soil in the treatments CK, N, OM and N + OM under non-rice cultivation condition were 28.3, 34.2, 19.3, 18.7 mg/kg after harvesting rice plant, and the extractable PCP residues in subsurface soil were 6.3, 9.1, 5.1, 4.1 mg/kg,respectively. Under rice cultivation condition, the extractable PCP residues in surface soil were 19.4, 30.9, 16.7, 8.7 mg/kg, and the extractable PCP residues in subsurface soil were 3.7, 6.1, 2.6, 2.8 mg/kg, respectively. The results indicated that the long-term application of organic fertilizer or inorganic plus organic fertilizer significantly accelerated the dissipation of PCP in surface soil, and decreased the transportation of PCP down the soil profile. However, long-term application of urea inhibited the dissipation of PCP in surface soil, and increased the transportation of PCP down the soil profile. When compared with non-rice cultivation, rice cultivation significantly accelerated the dissipation of PCP in surface soil other than the treatment N. In addition,the rice cultivation significantly decreased the transportation of PCP down the soil profile. No matter rice was cultivated or not, the dechlorinated metabolites of PCP detected in paddy soil were 2,3,4,5-TeCP and 3,4,5-TCP. 2,3,4,5-TeCP was the major dechlorinated metabolite of PCP under non-rice cultivation condition,whereas 3,4,5-TCP was the major dechlorinated metabolite of PCP under rice cultivation condition.