Systemic administration of dorsomorphin relieves inflammatory nociception in the mouse formalin test.

Inflammatory pain is the most important clinical symptom of inflammatory diseases. Despite intensive research into inflammatory pain mechanisms, the majority of analgesics available are based on mechanistic classes of compounds that have been known for many years, as a result, inflammatory pain control remains a challenge for drug design in the context of clinically unmet needs in terms of safety and efficacy. A growing literature supports that pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling plays a crucial role in the development of inflammatory pain. Modulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine may hold the key to improved pain management. Previous studies have reported that dorsomorphin played key roles in inflammation. But the role of dorsomorphin in the formalin-induced inflammatory nociception in mice has never been reported. Here, we report a new function of dorsomorphin which can inhibit formalin-induced inflammatory nociception in mice. The antinociceptive effect of dorsomorphin mainly depended on inhibiting the p38 MAPK/c-fos signaling and regulating inflammatory mediators.

Micropeptides Identified from Human Genomes.

Advanced analytic techniques, such as ribosome profiling and mass spectrometry, as well as improved bioinformatics technology, have promoted the field of genome annotation forward and have identified thousands of likely coding short open reading frames (sORFs) in the human genome. The discovery of sORFs and their products allows us to realize that the complexity of the human genome is far greater than previously assumed. Here, we provide a review of human micropeptides encoded by various transcripts such as mitochondrial rRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs, upstream of mRNAs, and so on.

Protective effect of MOTS-c on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice.

MOTS-c (mitochondrial open-reading-frame of the twelve S rRNA-c), a mitochondrial-derived 16-amino acid peptide, targets the methionine-folate cycle, increases 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) levels, and eventually activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK activation can attenuate neutrophil pro-inflammatory activity and attenuates lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. However, to our knowledge, the role of MOTS-c in LPS-induced ALI remains unclear. Hence, we investigated the potential effectiveness and underlying mechanism of MOTS-c against LPS-induced ALI in mice. The intraperitoneal administration of MOTS-c (5 mg/kg, i.p., bid, 6 days) before intratracheal LPS instillation attenuated body weight loss and pulmonary edema, inhibited neutrophilic tissue infiltration in lung tissue, downregulated the expression of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in lung tissues, decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6, and increased the expression of IL-10 and SOD in serum, lung tissue, and bronchoalvelolar lavage fluid (BALF). Moreover, MOTS-c treatment significantly promoted p-AMPKα and SIRT1 expression and suppressed LPS-induced ERK, JNK, p38, p65, and STAT3 activation in the mouse lung tissues. Collectively, these findings suggest that MOTS-c plays important roles in protecting the lungs from the inflammatory effects of LPS-induced ALI. The effects of MOTS-c are probably orchestrated by activating AMPK and SIRT1, inhibiting ERK, JNK, p65, and STAT3 signaling pathways. Thus, MOTS-c appears to be a novel and promising candidate for the treatment of ALI.

"Exploration and practice on the construction of experiment teaching team in the medical colleges and universities under ""excellent doctor education training plan""" / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In order to accelerate the comprehensive reform of clinical education,the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health decided to implement the program of excellent doctor education training plan in 2012.On the basis of the plan,taking a certain medical college as an example,on the problems such as lack of teachers,unreasonable age structure,the lack of advanced experimental technology and comprehensive talents and the lack of innovation and enterprising spirit and so on,the author puts forward some proposals from the development of experimental teaching,the teachers' personal and professional growth and the institutional and policy level,such as strengthening the foreign exchange,making learning training plan and personal development planning,establishing the evaluation system of the experiment teaching quality and opening up a variety of learning methods to improve the teachers' comprehensive ability.

Evidence-based evaluation of Chinese students' social practice and guarantee mechanism / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate and analyze the researches and guarantee mechanisms of Chinese undergraduate students' social practice, to understand the current situation of college students' social practice and research quality and to provide the reference for the development of college students' social practice guarantee mechanism in China. Methods With the “University” “college students”“social practice” as key words , we retrieved published documents about long-term mechanism of CUSSP dating to March 2014, from Chinese journal full text database(CNKI), China outstanding master's degree thesis database, Chinese Excellent Doctor Degree Dissertation Full-text Database, Wanfang, CMFD, CDFD,VIP, Google and Baidu, etc. We classified the including documents based on evidence-based scientific evidence grading standards, analyzed Grade C and above documents only. Results A total of 22 relevant studies were included; 4 of them are policy studies with Grade B, 18 of them are cross-sectional studies with grade C. The studies showed: ①The policy studies give important sugges-tions on the content, form, effect, construction and evaluation system of long-term mechanism of CUSSP.②18 cross-sectional studies surveyed over 14 504 students' social practice conditions show the method-ology of most of the studies is described unclearly or non-standard however. ③12 studies have inves-tigated the Chinese college students' attitude towards social practice and actual participation, with 5 studies about the time of participation and 5 about the condition of combination with specialty. The undergraduate students can recognize the importance of social practice, however, the range, duration and times of their actual participation are limited, and the combination with their major is not close enough. ④7 studies have investigated the main problems of college students' social practice and 5 studies have investigated the students' satisfaction. At present, there exist many problems in CUSSP, of which the most difficult things are: hard-to-contacting practice units, lack of funds, lack of teacher guidance, hard-to-determining the practical projects etc. The students' overall satisfaction is“general”. Conclusions ①There is lack of high-quality studies about CUSSP, and the methodology of studies should be improved and standardized. ②Strengthening the long-term mechanism and evaluation system construction is urgently needed to ensure that students can conduct long-term, effective and stable social practice.

Design, synthesis and activities of 4-(2-acetoxybenzoylamino) butyramide derivatives / 药学学报

To explore new agents of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives with more potent antiepileptic activity, a series of 4-(2-acetoxybenzoylamino) butyramide derivatives were designed and synthesized. All of the novel compounds (5a-51) were synthesized from GABA as starting material, and their structures were confirmed with IR, 1H NMR, EI-MS and elemental analysis. Preliminary pharmacological test in vitro showed that all target compounds displayed strong antiepileptic activities and were worth for further study. The structure-activity relationship of 4-(2-acetoxybenzoylamino) butyramide derivatives was also discussed preliminarily.

Design, synthesis and antiepileptic activity of 4-(2-acetoxybenzoylamino) butyrate derivatives / 药学学报

A series of 4-(2-acetoxybenzoylamino) butyrate derivatives were designed and synthesized. All of the novel 12 compounds (7a-7k) were synthesized from gamma-aminobutyric acid (1) as starting material, and their structures were confirmed with IR, 1H NMR, EI-MS and elemental analysis. Preliminary pharmacological test in vitro showed that most of these title compounds possessed antiepileptic activity. Compounds 7i-7k displayed strong antiepileptic activity and are worth for further development. Compounds 4, 7d-7h showed moderate antiepileptic activity. The structure-activity relationship of 4-(2-acetoxybenzoylamino) butyrate derivatives is also discussed preliminarily.