The influence of non-state-owned shareholder governance on the governance level of state-owned enterprises--Based on the perspective of board resolution behavior and party organization governance.

With an increasing number of heterogeneous shareholders participating in corporate governance in reality, the assumption of shareholder homogeneity in agency theory is gradually relaxing in the modern field of corporate governance. The policy of mixed ownership reform in China provides empirical evidence for studying heterogeneous shareholder governance. To fully understand the governance effects of non-state shareholders, we employ the ownership proportion held by non-state shareholders among the top ten shareholders and the appointment of directors as measures for non-state shareholder governance. Using a panel fixed-effect model from the perspective of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) party organizations, we examine the impact of non-state shareholder governance on the governance level of SOEs. The study reveals that non-state shareholder governance positively affects the governance level of SOEs, with board resolutions playing a crucial role in this relationship. When party members serve as directors, the governance effect of non-state shareholders is more significant. Based on the aforementioned research findings, we recommend further refining corporate governance measures for SOEs within the context of SOE reforms. It is advisable to optimize the party organizational governance structure and leverage the synergistic effects of non-state shareholder governance and party organizational governance. Advancing reforms along the Pareto improvement path will contribute to establishing a distinctive corporate governance system for Chinese SOEs.

SERS combined with QuEChERS using NBC and Fe3O4 MNPs as cleanup agents to rapidly and reliably detect chlorpyrifos pesticide in citrus.

The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique is being increasingly used for the detection of pesticide residues in agricultural products. However, there are large amounts of fluorescence-producing substances in agricultural products, which seriously affect the Raman signal of the analyte. In this paper, the QuEChERS method was used to remove interfering fluorescent substances in the analyte, and the purification effects of different doses of nano bamboo charcoal (NBC) and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4 MNP) adsorbents were studied. Meanwhile, the Raman spectral acquisition conditions (AuNPs, test solution, and NaCl) were optimized based on the orthogonal test method. The results showed that 300 µL AuNPs, 40 µL test solution, and 100 µL 1.5% NaCl gave the best SERS response effect. 12.5 mg NBC combined with 10 mg Fe3O4 MNPs could effectively remove the interfering substances from citrus. The Raman spectra of chlorpyrifos molecules were theoretically modeled using density-functional theory (DFT). By comparing the DFT results with the actual tests, five feature peaks, at 338, 522, 558, 672, and 1600 cm-1, were obtained for the detection of chlorpyrifos pesticide residues in citrus. Based on the Raman feature peak intensity at 672 cm-1, the concentration of chlorpyrifos in citrus showed a good linear relationship (R2 = 0.9979) in the concentration range of 3-20 mg kg-1. The recovery rate was 92.12% to 98.38%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.77% to 5.29%. The lowest detection concentration was about 3 mg kg-1, and the detection time of a single sample could be completed within 15 min. This study showed that the combination of SERS and QuEChERS preprocessing methods could achieve rapid detection of chlorpyrifos pesticide residues in citrus.

Environmental disclosure practices in mixed ownership models: A study of Chinese private enterprises.

Environmental information disclosure is critical avenue for stakeholders to gauge the fulfillment of corporate environmental responsibilities, as well as a key path for companies to gain social reputation and achieve sustainable development. To achieve both economic and social sustainability and improve the environmental information disclosure by private firms, this study delves into the impact mechanism and realization path of mixed ownership reform on environmental information disclosure among Chinese private enterprises listed between 2010 and 2020. Utilizing a panel fixed effect model, we scrutinize the interplay between state capital involvement and the disclosure of environmental information by private enterprises. Our findings reveal that state capital involvement may encourage private enterprises to disclose environmental information through resource allocation and governance improvements. The higher the shareholding ratio of state-owned participating shareholders, the more it helps private firms to disclose environmental information. State-owned shareholders play a pivotal role in the appointment of supervisors, directors, and executives, effectively improving corporate governance mechanisms and positively moderates how private companies with state-owned capital participate in disclosing environmental information. Moreover, the magnitude of media coverage and the public opinion pressure faced by private enterprises further amplify the influence of state-owned capital involvement on environmental information disclosure. Additionally, our research reveals that corporate profitability partially interplays with the effects of state-owned capital disclosure of environmental information by private companies. According to the research results, we recommend that the government proactively promote mixed ownership reform with private enterprises as the main participants, fully leveraging the resource advantages and influence of state-owned capital. At the same time, it is imperative to strengthen the governance effect of internal state-owned shareholders and external public opinion supervision in private enterprises. Enhancing profitability is also identified as a key driver for private enterprises to engage in more robust environmental information disclosure practices.

Topical application of the plant extract SDTL-E in ovariectomized rats: A potential new approach for treating osteoporosis.

Current osteoporosis medications have drawbacks of causing side effects and having slow onset, therefore developing osteoporosis drugs with faster onset and less side effects is essential. This study investigated the effects of the natural plant extract, SDTL-E, in ovariectomized (OVX)-induced osteoporosis rats. Rats were randomly assigned to sham operation control group (Control Group); OVX rat model group (Model Group) or OVX rat SDTL-E treatment group (SDTL-E Group). All groups underwent ovariectomy, but the Control Group did not have the ovaries removed. SDTL-E Group was treated with SDTL-E, Model and Control Groups were treated with vegetable oil, treatments were topically applied twice daily for 20 days. Results showed when compared with Model Group, SDTL-E Group significantly restored serum estradiol back to near Control Group level, serum ALP activity, serum and urinary calcium were significantly decreased, bone mechanics indicators increased and trabecular bone numbers slightly increased. These results demonstrated 20 days of SDTL-E topical treatment improved bone strength and trabecular bone structure in OVX-induced osteoporosis rats. The underlying mechanisms include restoring estradiol level, reducing bone turnover, net bone resorption, bone calcium loss, and calcium excretion through kidney. These findings suggest topical application of plant extract is a potential new approach with quick efficacy for treating osteoporosis.

Executive cognitive ability and business model innovation in start-ups: The role of entrepreneurial bricolage and environmental dynamism.

Extant literature suggested that executive cognitive ability is a critical perspective to answering why and how enterprises perform business model innovation. However, the effect of executive cognitive ability on business model innovation is still insufficiently explored. Drawing on entrepreneurial bricolage theory, we developed a moderated mediation model which takes entrepreneurial bricolage as the mediating mechanism and environmental dynamics as the moderating mechanism to explain how executive cognitive ability influences business model innovation. We collected the data of 316 executives of Chinese start-ups through questionnaires for the model test. Results showed that new venture executives' cognitive ability significantly positively affects business model innovation by mediating with entrepreneurial bricolage. Environmental dynamism positively moderates the effect of executives' cognitive ability on business model innovation. Moreover, environmental dynamism positively moderates the mediating role of entrepreneurial bricolage in executive cognitive ability and business model innovation. This study broadens the research scope of entrepreneurial bricolage theory from the perspective of cognitive ability and provides ideas for new ventures' business model innovation.

Molecular Characterization of Advanced Colorectal Cancer Using Serum Proteomics and Metabolomics.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a growing public health concern due to its high mortality rate. Currently, there is a lack of valid diagnostic biomarkers and few therapeutic strategies are available for CRC treatment, especially for advanced CRC whose underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the serum samples from 20 patients with stage III or IV advanced CRC using data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based proteomics and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS/MS) metabolomics techniques. Overall, 551 proteins and 719 metabolites were identified. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that the serum proteomes of advanced CRC are more diversified than the metabolomes. Ten biochemical pathways associated with cancer cell metabolism were enriched in the detected proteins and metabolites, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, biosynthesis of amino acids, glutathione metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism, etc. A protein-protein interaction network in advanced CRC serum was constructed with 80 proteins and 21 related metabolites. Correlation analysis revealed conserved roles of lipids and lipid-like molecules in a regulatory network of advanced CRC. Three metabolites (hydroquinone, leucenol and sphingomyelin) and two proteins (coagulation factor XIII A chain and plasma kallikrein) were selected to be potential biomarkers for advanced CRC, which are positively and significantly correlated with CEA and/or CA 19-9. Altogether, the results expanded our understanding of the physiopathology of advanced CRC and discovered novel potential biomarkers for further validation and application to improve the diagnosis and monitoring of advanced CRC.

Effects of different extracts of kanggushu on osteoporosis in model rats and the underlying mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preventive effects and possible underlying mechanism of different extracts of Kanggushu () on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: One hundred and sixtyfive female SD rats were divided into 11 groups: control, sham, model, Xianling Gubao Capsule (), nilestriol, Kanggushu aqueous extract high-, medium-, and low-dose and suet extract high-, medium-, and low-dose groups. The osteoporosis model was made by ovariectomizing the rats. The latter 8 groups were administered intragastricly with Xianling Gubao Capsule, nilestriol, Kanggushu aqueous extract and suet extract for 12 weeks, respectively, while the other 3 groups were administered orally saline. The whole body bone mineral density, bone mineral content, organ coefficient of uterus, serum estradiol and alkaline phosphatase contents, blood calcium, phosphorus, interleukin 6 and bone Gla-protein levels after treatment were monitored. Additionally, three-point bending test of femur, HE staining, and scanning electron microscope were performed to explore the pharmacodynamics and underlying mechanisms. RESULTS: In comparison with ovariectomized rats of model group, Kanggushu aqueous extract high-dose resulted in an increased bone mineral density, bone mineral content and organ coefficient of uterus, improved estradiol level, and improved maximum load and structural stiffness (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Two-dimensional and three-dimensional trabecular structure was also observed under HE staining and scanning electron microscopy, and the number and thickness of trabecular bone in Kanggushu aqueous extract high-dose group was significantly increased compared to the model group, while the lipid droplets in bone marrow cavity were significantly less. However, there were no significant differences in blood calcium, total serum alkaline phosphatase and bone Gla protein among different treatment groups. Overall, the osteoprotective effects of Kanggushu aqueous extract were comparable to those of nilestriol and were significantly more effective than those of Xianling Gubao Capsule. CONCLUSION: The preventive effects of Kanggushu aqueous extract might be partly due to the increased estradiol level, accelerated restoration of bone trabecular reticulate structure, and accordingly increased bone mineral density in osteoporosis rats.

Protective effects of gypenosides against fatty liver disease induced by high fat and cholesterol diet and alcohol in rats.

In the present study, the protective effects of gypenosides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum on fatty liver disease (FLD) were examined in rats treated with high fat and cholesterol diet and alcohol. Male SD rats were divided into seven groups: control, model, lovastatin, silymarin, gypenosides high-, medium- and low-treatment groups. The latter 6 groups were fed high-fat and cholesterol diet and administered alcohol intragastricly once a day. Body weight was measured every week for 10 weeks, and the hepatic index was measured after 10 weeks. Compared with model group, levels of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acid (FFA), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, malondialdehyde (MDA), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, and hepatocyte apoptosis were significantly decreased in gypenosides groups; while serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both serum and hepatic tissue and mRNA and protein level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) were significantly increased. Moreover, hepatic steatosis and mitochondrial damage were improved. These results suggested that gypenosides could prevent liver fatty degeneration in fatty liver disease through modulating lipid metabolism, ameliorating liver dysfunction and reducing oxidative stress.

Relationship between HPLC fingerprints and in vivo pharmacological effects of a traditional Chinese medicine: Radix Angelicae Dahuricae.

We report the fingerprint development of a traditional Chinese medicine Radix Angelicae Dahuricae root and the correlation of the fingerprint peaks with its in vivo pharmacological effects. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods with the computer aided similarity evaluation were validated and used in serial pharmacological studies in mice. The major constituents of R. Angelicae Dahuricae were successfully separated by the HPLC methods, and the effects of sedation and analgesia were mainly related to the chromatographic peaks of group II. The anti-inflammatory, anti-heat stroke and anti-endotoxemic effects were mainly related to the peaks in group III. These results indicated a correlation between the HPLC fingerprints in groups and the pharmacological effects of R. Angelicae Dahuricae. This simple and accurate method can be used for the identification of the active components of R. Angelicae Dahuricae and for the quality control of its pharmaceutical preparations.

[Effect of Semen Litchi containing serum on proliferation and apoptosis of HepG2 cells].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Semen Litchi containing serum on proliferation and apoptosis of HepG2 cells. METHODS: The Semen litchi or CTX containing serum and control serum were prepared by serologic pharmacology method. MTT assay was used to observe the proliferation inhibition rate of HepG2 cells after incubated with different kinds of drug's containing serum. Nuclear morphological features of HepG2 cells were detected by fluorescencemicroscopy after staining with Hochest33258. The apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells in each group was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The cell viability and the apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells in Semen Litchi containing serum groups were higher than that of control group, and the results of fluorescencemicroscopy observation showed the nuclear morphological change of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Semen Litchi can inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells, the acting mechanism may be concerned with cell apoptosis.

[Rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes in human neonates].

OBJECTIVE: To study the rearrangement of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain variable region (V(H)) genes in human neonates with different gestational ages (GA). METHODS: Peripheral blood from the neonates with GA of 27 weeks (4 cases), 28-32 weeks (9 cases), 33-36 weeks (12 cases), and 37-42 weeks (13 cases) was collected. RT-PCR was used to amplify the Ig V(H) gene, and the PCR products were separated by electrophoresis and analyzed using 6% denaturing PAGE gel. RESULTS: All Ig V(H) family genes had several rearranged genes in each GA group, and the neonates with different GA showed no significant difference in the median molecular weight for each rearranged Ig V(H) family gene. CONCLUSION: The neonates with GA of 27-42 weeks exhibit diversity in Ig V(H) gene rearrangement, and for the same Ig V(H) family, the median length of the arranged Ig V(H) genes is independent of the gestational age.

[Effect of ventricle injection of Nogo-A antibody on neuronal regeneration following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in the neonatal rat].

OBJECTIVE: Nogo-A antibody IN-1 can neutralize Nogo-A, a neurite growth inhibitory protein, promoting axonal regeneration following lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) in adult rats. This study aimed to examine the effect of ventricle injection of Nogo-A antibody on neuronal regeneration in neonatal rats following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). METHODS: A model of neonatal HIBD was prepared by the ligation of the left common carotid artery, followed by 8% hypoxia exposure. Forty HIBD rats were randomly given a ventricle injection of 10 microL Nogo-A antibody IN-1 (IN-1 group) or 10 microL artificial cerebrospinal fluid (artificial CSF group) (n=20 each). Another 20 neonatal rats were sham-operated, without hypoxia-ischemia, and were used as the controls. The levels of Nogo-A and GAP-43 protein in the brain were measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The number of immunohistory positive cells of Nogo-A in the brain in the IN-1 group (28.61+/-1.70) was obviously less than that in the artificial CSF (39.52 +/-1.40) and the sham-operated groups (32.78 +/- 1.87) (both P < 0.01). There were significant differences in the Nogo-A protein expression between the artificial CSF and the sham-operated groups (P < 0.01). The GAP-43 protein expression in the IN-1 group (31.14 +/- 1.88) was noticeably higher than that in the artificial CSF group (27.73 +/- 1.43 ) (P < 0.01). Both the IN-1 and the artificial CSF groups showed lower GAP-43 protein levels than the sham-operated groups (33.64 +/- 1.24) (both P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Nogo-A antibody can reduce the expression of Nogo-A protein in the brain and thus promote neuronal regeneration in neonatal rats following HIBD. An increased GAP-43 protein expression in the brain after Nogo-A antibody administration shows an enhanced neuronal regeneration in the neonatal rats following HIBD.

[Effect and mechanism of L-arginine therapy for fetal growth retardation due to pregnancy-induced hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of L-arginine (L-Arg) administration on fetus growth retardation (FGR) due to pregnancy-induced hypertension and explore its mechanism. METHODS: Sixty-eight pregnant women with pregnancy-induced hypertension and FGR were enrolled in this study, and 25 of them were given L-Arg in addition to routine therapy. Umbilical artery flow parameters and serum NO concentrations in maternal and umbilical blood were measured, and the therapeutic effects were evaluated according to neonatal birth weight. RESULTS: L-Arg therapy markedly decreased the systolic/diastolic value, pulse index and resistant index (P=0.000,0), while increased the fast blood velocity rate(P=0.000,0). NO contents in maternal and umbilical blood were 60.45-/+22.68 and 28.45-/+11.35 micromol/L in L-Arg group, respectively, significantly higher than those in routine treatment group (P=0.000,0 and 0.001,7, respectively) but lower than those in the control group (P=0.000,8 and 0.000,0, respectively). The neonatal birth weights were 2.9-/+0.3 kg in L-Arg group, significantly higher than that in routine treatment group (2.7-/+0.3 kg, P=0.006,8) and similar with that of the control group (3012.9-/+295.9 g, P=0.176,2). CONCLUSION: L-Arg promote intrauterine growth of the fetus by increasing NO production and improving the umbilical artery flow in pregnant women with pregnancy-induced hypertension and FGR.

[Study on the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on the tension of diabetic rat artery].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of Ginkgo biloba extract EGB50 on vascular tension of type II diabetes mellitus (DM) induced by hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into normal control rats (Control), diabetic rats (DM), diabetic rats oral-treated with higher dose Ginkgo biloba extract EGB50 (H) and diabetic rats treated with lower dose EGB50 (L). The serum levels of Advanced Glycosylation end-products (AGEs), cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TRIG) and superior mesenteric artery tension were quantified and measured. RESULTS: After 5 weeks' oral-treatment, serum CHOL, TRIG and AGEs increased, sustained phase of contractile response in high K+ solution and PD2 of phenylephine decreased in diabetic arteries. The biochemical indexes and the tension of vascular function had less significance in L group, but improved distinctly in EGB50 H group (decreasing rate in high K+ solution: 22.52 +/- 5.48%, vs DM:44. 19 +/- 11.03%, P < 0.05) (PD2 of PE: 6.15 +/- 0.22 vs DM: 6.62 +/- 0.13, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: EGB50 is capable of reducing serum hyperlipidemia,the concentration of AGEs, thus it can reduce the impairment of the oxidants to endothelium cells of vessels and improve pathological and functional change of artery of diabetes.

[Therapeutic effect and its mechanism of "huo xue bu qi fang" on fetal rats with intrauterine growth retardation].

OBJECTIVE: To probe into therapeutic effect and its mechanism of "Huo Xue Bu Qi Fang" (HXBQF) on fetal rats with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). METHOD: The model of pregnant rat with IUGR was established by passive smoking method. Forty pregnant rats with IUGR were randomly divided into intervention group (with high-, middle- and low-dose Chinese traditional medicine) and non-intervention group. In addition, 10 normal pregnant rats were taken into control group. Intervention group was adminstered with 16.2, 5.4 and 1.62 g/kg HXBQF respectively. Non-intervention group and control group were administered with 10 ml/kg saline. Fetal rats were taken out, and blood and urine samples were collected from pregnant rats on day 21 of the pregnancy. The weight, nose-hip-length and poundera index of these fetal rats were measured. Serum NO, plasma ET-1 and urine 8-epi-PGF2 alpha level from pregnant rats were determined by nitro-reductase method, radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) respectively. RESULT: Compared with fetal rats from non-intervention group, fetal weight, distance between nose-hip, poundera index serum NO level and NO/ET-1 were increased, plasma ET-1 level and urine 8-epi-PGF2 alpha level were decreased in those from intervention group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: There is an enhancement of lipid peroxidation and NO/ET-1 ratio imbalance in pregnant rats with IUGR. HXBQF has good therapeutic effect on IUGR since it can inhibit lipid oxidation and regulate NO/ET-1 balance.

[Significance of plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha level in acute myocardial ischemia and intervention effect of N-acetylcysteine: a study in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the correlation between 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2alpha) levels in the plasma and myocardial tissue of rats with myocardial ischemia and observe the intervention effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), for the purpose of assessing the value of 8-iso-PGF2alpha in estimating the extent of free radical damage and implementing possible interventions. METHODS: Forty-five Wistar rats were divided into ischemia, ischemia+NAC and control groups, and in the former 2 groups, acute myocardial ischemia models were produced by pituitrin. Elevated ST segment in ECG served as the indicator for myocardial ischemia. Rats in ischemia+NAC group were pre-treated with NAC (0.1 g/kg x d) for three weeks before the ischemia 8-iso-PGF2alpha levels in the plasma and myocardial tissue were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: In ischemia group, the 8-iso-PGF2alpha levels in the plasma and myocardial tissue were 187.4+/-45.8 pg/ml and 259.3+/-47.5 pg/g, respectively, higher than those in the control group (60.4+/-13.7 pg/ml and 88.6+/-16.9 pg/g, respectively, P<0.01) and those in ischemia+NAC group (88.2+/-16.4 pg/ml and 109.4+/-24.7 pg/g, respectively, P<0.01). A positive correlation was noted between the 8-iso-PGF2alpha levels in the plasma and myocardial tissue (r=0.865, P<0.01). In comparison with the control group, elevation of the ST segment of ECG in rats with myocardial ischemia was obvious, and the peak elevation occurred 45 min after ischemia (0.34+/-0.05 mV, P<0.01). Pre-treatment with NAC proved to help alleviate the subsequent ischemia, with ST segment elevation of only 0.18+/-0.05 mV. CONCLUSION: In condition of acute myocardial ischemia in rats, 8-iso-PGF2alpha levels tend to increase, which can be indicative of the degree of myocardial ischemia. NAC pre-treatment can alleviate the ischemic condition by offsetting the damage caused by the free radicals.

Epidermal growth factor concentrations in human milk, cow's milk and cow's milk-based infant formulas.

OBJECTIVE: Because maternal epidermal growth factor (EGF) may be an adaptive response to accelerate growth and maturation in premature infants, we compared the EGF content in fresh cow's milk and cow's milk-based infant formulas with full and preterm mother's milk. METHODS: EGF content of 57 human colostrum from mothers delivering prematurely and at term, 4 different fresh cow's milk and 8 different cow's milk-based infant formulas was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). RESULTS: Human milk from mothers of premature infants had a higher EGF content compared to that from mothers of term infants (28.2 +/- 10.3 nmol/L vs. 17.3 +/- 9.6 nmol/L). EGF content in human milk negatively correlated with gestational age and birth weight of neonates. EGF content in fresh cow's milk (13.8 - 18.2 nmol/L) was similar to that in human term milk. EGF levels in non-hydrolyzed protein formulas were much lower (5.6 - 8.6 nmol/L), and were undetectable in hydrolyzed protein formulas. CONCLUSION: The high EGF content in premature milk may represent a maternal compensatory mechanism to accelerate the growth and development of immature infants. Feeding infants with breast milk from their own mother should be advocated since there is lack of EGF in cow's milk-based infant formulas.