An insight into novel therapeutic potentials of taxifolin.

Taxifolin is a flavonoid compound, originally isolated from the bark of Douglas fir trees, which is often found in foods such as onions and olive oil, and is also used in commercial preparations, and has attracted the interest of nutritionists and medicinal chemists due to its broad range of health-promoting effects. It is a powerful antioxidant with excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and other pharmacological activities. This review focuses on the breakthroughs in taxifolin for the treatment of diseases from 2019 to 2022 according to various systems of the human body, such as the nervous system, immune system, and digestive system, and on the basis of this review, we summarize the problems of current research and try to suggest solutions and future research directions.

The progress of research on the application of redox nanomaterials in disease therapy.

Redox imbalance can trigger cell dysfunction and damage and plays a vital role in the origin and progression of many diseases. Maintaining the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in vivo is a complicated and arduous task, leading to ongoing research into the construction of redox nanomaterials. Nanodrug platforms with redox characteristics can not only reduce the adverse effects of oxidative stress on tissues by removing excess oxidants from the body but also have multienzyme-like activity, which can play a cytotoxic role in tumor tissues through the catalytic oxidation of their substrates to produce harmful reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals. In this review, various redox nanomaterials currently used in disease therapy are discussed, emphasizing the treatment methods and their applications in tumors and other human tissues. Finally, the limitations of the current clinical application of redox nanomaterials are considered.

Research Progress of Photothermal Nanomaterials in Multimodal Tumor Therapy.

The aggressive growth of cancer cells brings extreme challenges to cancer therapy while triggering the exploration of the application of multimodal therapy methods. Multimodal tumor therapy based on photothermal nanomaterials is a new technology to realize tumor cell thermal ablation through near-infrared light irradiation with a specific wavelength, which has the advantages of high efficiency, less adverse reactions, and effective inhibition of tumor metastasis compared with traditional treatment methods such as surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Photothermal nanomaterials have gained increasing interest due to their potential applications, remarkable properties, and advantages for tumor therapy. In this review, recent advances and the common applications of photothermal nanomaterials in multimodal tumor therapy are summarized, with a focus on the different types of photothermal nanomaterials and their application in multimodal tumor therapy. Moreover, the challenges and future applications have also been speculated.

Reactive Oxygen Species Responsive Polymers for Drug Delivery Systems.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in regulating various physiological functions of living organisms; however, as the concentration of ROS increases in the area of a lesion, this may undermine cellular homeostasis, leading to a series of diseases. Using cell-product species as triggers for targeted regulation of polymer structures and activity represents a promising approach for the treatment. ROS-responsive polymer carriers allow the targeted delivery of drugs, reduce toxicity and side effects on normal cells, and control the release of drugs, which are all advantages compared with traditional small-molecule chemotherapy agents. These formulations have attracted great interest due to their potential applications in biomedicine. In this review, recent progresses on ROS responsive polymer carriers are summarized, with a focus on the chemical mechanism of ROS-responsive polymers and the design of molecular structures for targeted drug delivery and controlled drug release. Meanwhile, we discuss the challenges and future prospects of its applications.

Classification and Morphological Parameters of the Calcaneal Talar Facet: Which Type Is More Likely to Cause Osteoarthritis in Chinese Population?

Due to the calcaneal osteoarthritis, patients had a lower quality of life. This research was to study which type of calcaneus was more likely to cause osteoarthritis and then to guide the clinical prevention and treatment in Chinese population. All 505 intact Chinese calcaneus facets were reconstructed by CT-3D reconstruction scanner and classified into five types based on the calcaneal talar facet (CTF) configuration. CTF's morphology parameters (osteophyte, cortical thickness of calcaneus, GIssane's and Bohler's angle, and long and short axis) were measured and recorded by PACS CT system. Researchers used the length of long and short axis to calculate the CTF area. By comparing the morphology parameters of five types of calcaneus, the differences among different types of calcaneus in Chinese people were statistically different. The study showed that Type II and Type IV had the highest percentage of osteophytes. After being compared and analyzed, the CTF pressure and the subtalar joint stability were closely related to the occurrence of osteoarthritis. Based on the measurement and comparison of morphological parameters in this study, Types II and IV were the most likely to develop osteoarthritis in Chinese population.