Influence of Rhubarb extract on the expression of NGAL and IL-18 in the kidney of rabbits after CPR / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To study the preventive effect and mechanism of Rhubarb extract on renal injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in rabbits with cardiac arrest (CA).Methods Twenty-four male Japanese big-ear rabbits were divided into sham operation group, CPR model group and Rhubarb pretreatment group by random number table method, with 8 rabbits in each group. The rabbits in Rhubarb pretreatment group were treated with Rhubarb extract 5 mL·kg-1·d-1 for 7 days; and those in sham operation group and CPR model group were fed with 0.9％ normal saline 10 mL/d for 7 days. After 7 days, ventricular fibrillation (VF) was produced in CPR model group and Rhubarb pretreatment group by 50 V alternating currents stimulation through bottom of the heart leads to the apex to prepare CPR model. The rabbits of the CPR model group and Rhubarb pretreatment group were sacrificed at 2 hours after successful resuscitation, and the animals in the sham operated group were sacrificed directly after anesthesia. The levers of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) in serum were examined by automatic biochemical analyzer. The positive expression area of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in kidney were examined by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the sham operation group, the levels of BUN and Cr were significantly increased in the CPR model group and Rhubarb pretreatment group [BUN (mmol/L):15.53±3.90, 10.51±3.16 vs. 7.03±2.23, Cr (μmol/L): 137.20±12.23, 86.80±7.67 vs. 66.39±5.47, bothP < 0.05]. Compared with the CPR model group, the levels of BUN and Cr were significantly decreased in the Rhubarb pretreatment group [BUN (mmol/L): 10.51±3.16 vs. 15.53±3.90, Cr (μmol/L): 86.80±7.67 vs. 137.20±12.23, bothP < 0.05]. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of NGAL and IL-18 mainly existed in glomerular and tubular cells in patina. Compared with the sham operation group, the positive expression areas of NGAL and IL-18 in kidney were significantly increased in the CPR model group and Rhubarb pretreatment group [NGAL (μm2): 208.26±7.58, 136.74±5.33 vs. 98.93±7.83, IL-18 (μm2): 256.48±4.64, 113.22±6.98 vs. 77.06±6.47, allP < 0.05]. Compared with the CPR model group, the positive expression areas of NGAL and IL-18 were significantly decreased in the Rhubarb pretreatment group [NGAL (μm2): 136.74±5.33 vs. 208.26±7.58, IL-18 (μm2): 113.22±6.98 vs. 256.48±4.64,bothP < 0.05].Conclusions CA can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI). Rhubarb extract can reduce the expression of NGAL and IL-18 in kidney of rabbits after CPR, and protect the kidney after CPR.

Influence of Rhubarb extract on the expression of NGAL and IL-18 in the kidney of rabbits after CPR / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To study the preventive effect and mechanism of Rhubarb extract on renal injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in rabbits with cardiac arrest (CA).Methods Twenty-four male Japanese big-ear rabbits were divided into sham operation group, CPR model group and Rhubarb pretreatment group by random number table method, with 8 rabbits in each group. The rabbits in Rhubarb pretreatment group were treated with Rhubarb extract 5 mL·kg-1·d-1 for 7 days; and those in sham operation group and CPR model group were fed with 0.9％ normal saline 10 mL/d for 7 days. After 7 days, ventricular fibrillation (VF) was produced in CPR model group and Rhubarb pretreatment group by 50 V alternating currents stimulation through bottom of the heart leads to the apex to prepare CPR model. The rabbits of the CPR model group and Rhubarb pretreatment group were sacrificed at 2 hours after successful resuscitation, and the animals in the sham operated group were sacrificed directly after anesthesia. The levers of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) in serum were examined by automatic biochemical analyzer. The positive expression area of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in kidney were examined by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the sham operation group, the levels of BUN and Cr were significantly increased in the CPR model group and Rhubarb pretreatment group [BUN (mmol/L):15.53±3.90, 10.51±3.16 vs. 7.03±2.23, Cr (μmol/L): 137.20±12.23, 86.80±7.67 vs. 66.39±5.47, bothP < 0.05]. Compared with the CPR model group, the levels of BUN and Cr were significantly decreased in the Rhubarb pretreatment group [BUN (mmol/L): 10.51±3.16 vs. 15.53±3.90, Cr (μmol/L): 86.80±7.67 vs. 137.20±12.23, bothP < 0.05]. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of NGAL and IL-18 mainly existed in glomerular and tubular cells in patina. Compared with the sham operation group, the positive expression areas of NGAL and IL-18 in kidney were significantly increased in the CPR model group and Rhubarb pretreatment group [NGAL (μm2): 208.26±7.58, 136.74±5.33 vs. 98.93±7.83, IL-18 (μm2): 256.48±4.64, 113.22±6.98 vs. 77.06±6.47, allP < 0.05]. Compared with the CPR model group, the positive expression areas of NGAL and IL-18 were significantly decreased in the Rhubarb pretreatment group [NGAL (μm2): 136.74±5.33 vs. 208.26±7.58, IL-18 (μm2): 113.22±6.98 vs. 256.48±4.64,bothP < 0.05].Conclusions CA can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI). Rhubarb extract can reduce the expression of NGAL and IL-18 in kidney of rabbits after CPR, and protect the kidney after CPR.

Clonidine preconditioning alleviated focal cerebral ischemic insult in rats via up-regulating p-NMDAR1 and down-regulating NMDAR2A / p-NMDAR2B.

A brain ischemia rat model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2h and reperfusion for 4h to investigate the underlying mechanism of the neuroprotection action of clonidine, a classical alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, on cerebral ischemia. Clonidine and yohimbine were intraperitoneally given to the rats each day for a week before ischemia. Neurological deficits evaluations were carried out at 6h after operation. TTC staining method was used to measure the volume of brain infarction. Expression levels of NMDAR1, NMDAR2A, NMDAR2B were assayed by western blotting. Our data demonstrated that clonidine pretreatment significantly improved the neurological deficit scores and reduced the brain infarct volumes of the rats. Furthermore, protein expression level of p-NMDAR2B in cortex was significantly up-regulated whereas that of p-NMDAR1 was decreased when compared with the sham-operated rats. Remarkably, clonidine treatment led to significant down-regulation of p-NMDAR2B and NMDAR2A in addition to enhancement of the expression level of p-NMDAR1 in cortex. This is the first report illustrating the neuroprotective role of clonidine may be mediated through modulation of the expression levels of p-NMDAR2B, NMDAR2A and p-NMDAR1 during cerebral ischemia.

Role of TNF-αin retinal neural degeneration diseases / 基础医学与临床

Retinal neural degeneration diseases is one of the main causes of vision loss , TNF-αas an inflammatory cytokine with pleiotropic biological activity , after binding to its receptor by a variety of signaling pathways , may have play critical role in pathogenesis of retinal neural degeneration diseases including glaucoma , ischemic retinop-athy, age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa .

The Clinical Observation on Naloxone and Trimetazidine in the Treatment of 40 Cases of Severe Viral Myocarditis / 医学研究杂志

Objective To estimate the clinical efficacy of naloxone and trimetazidine in the treatment of severe viral myocarditis.Methods40 patients with severe viral myocarditis were randomly divided into two groups: control group(20cases) and treatment group(20 cases).All patients in control group and treatment group received conventional therapy.In adition,the patients in treatment group received naloxone and trimetazidine treatment.After 14 days,the changes of clinical symptoms were observed.In addition,serum creatinine kinase(CK)-MB and cardiac troponin I(cTnI) levels were measured.ResultsAlthough the symptoms,CK-MB and cTnI were significantly improved in two groups,but significant difference was still found between control group and treatment group(P

Change of ET-1 mRNA and ET AR mRNA expression in some organs in sepsis and septic shock rats / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate changes of the endothelin-1(ET-1) and its receptor (endothelin receptor subtype A, ET AR ) mRNA expression in some organs(kidney, lung and small intestinal mucous membrane) in the sepsis and septic shock rats. Methods: Twenty-four male rats randomized into sepsis group, septic shock group, control and normal group was infused with endotoxin(LPS) via indwelling right atria catheters except normal and control group. RT-PCR was used to detect kidney, lung and small intestinal mucous membrane tissue mRNA expression of the ET-1 , ET AR and glucose-6-phospho dehydrogenase(G-6-PD) in every group.Serum BUN, Cr, ALT and A were determined. The arterial oxygen tension (PaO 2) and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO 2)were measured in every group. Results: ET-1 mRNA and ET AR mRNA expression in the sepsis group and septic shock group were significantly higher than in normal group. There were significant differences between the normal/control group and sepsis/shock group in BUN,Cr,ALT,PaO 2 and PaCO 2. Conclusion: A higher expression of ET-1 mRNA and ET AR mRNA may be one of the startup factors on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and may play an important role on pathogenesis in sepsis and septic shock.

THE CURATIVE EFFECTS OF L-ARGININE ON HIGH ALTITUDE PULMONARY EDEMA / 解放军医学杂志

In order to study the curative effects of L arginine (L Arg) on high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE),we had treated 10 patients with HAPE by intravenous L Arg at 3700m, and the result was compared with 11 patients who inhaled low concentration nitric oxide (NO) and 24 subjects with routine treatment.The findings were as follows:compared with the routine group, inhaling NO or intravenous L Arg could hasten the disappearance of moist rales and X ray shadow, and shorten the illness time( P 0.05). It suggested that intravenous L Arg is a handy way to treat HAPE, and there is no toxicity. It is worthy of further trial.

EFFECT OF OXYGEN ENRICHMENT OF ROOM AIR ON THE HEMORHEOLOGY OF SOLDIERS AFTER EXHAUSTION-EXERCISE AT 3700m ALTITUDE / 解放军医学杂志

To study the effect of oxygen enrichment of room air on the change of hemorheology of soldiers after high altitude hypoxia and exhaustion exercise at 3700 altitude, the oxygen concentration was increased to 24 0%～25 0% in the rooms at 3700m altitude, the change of hemorheology in 10 soldiers after they had 12h rest and sleep in the oxygen enrichment room was examined in no oxygen enrichment resting state and in oxygen enrichment state as well as after exhaustion exercise in no oxygen enrichment room and in oxygen enrichment room.Hematocrit (HCT), blood viscosity (?b), reduction viscosity (?r) and viscometric aggregation index (VAI) were higher after exhaustion exercise in no oxygen enrichment room as compared with those in no oxygen enrichment resting state, the difference was very significant or signifant ( P 0 05),?b, Plasma viscosity (?p), ?r were decreased after exhaustion exercise in no oxygen enrichment room ( P