RESUMO
HIV infection is a major global health problem affecting developing and developed countries alike. HIV infection is associated with multiple oral lesions, some of which are of value in diagnosing the disease. The aim of this report is to describe the clinical manifestations and their multidisciplinary management, in a 6-year-old girl with AIDS. The findings of this case report indicate that, it is essential to be familiar with the early oral manifestations of AIDS in order to understand the patient's dental health needs, apply preventive methods, control caries, and understand the value of oral lesions as diagnostic markers of disease progression in children with HIV infection. A multidisciplinary management is fundamental.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/diagnóstico , Úlceras Orais/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Candidíase Bucal/diagnóstico , Criança , Cárie Dentária/diagnóstico , Feminino , Doenças da Gengiva/diagnóstico , Humanos , Reabilitação Bucal , Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente , Doenças da Língua/diagnósticoRESUMO
La infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) causa una alteración en la regulación inmunológica, aún antes de que haya inmunodeficiencia, linfopenia y datos clínicos de SIDA. Las alteraciones inmunológicas que se encuentran son una diferenciación de la subclase de los linfocitos T, Th1 hacia Th0. Frente a un estímulo estas células Th0 se desarrollan posteriormente hacia Th2 con predominio de la última subclase. La expresión clínica de este desequilibrio inmunológico es una predisposición de los pacientes VIH seropositivos a las enfermedades alérgicas y autoinmunitarias en las que la producción de anticuerpos es importante. En ocasiones el diagnóstico diferencial con lupus eritematoso sistémico es difícil. Hasta el momento está descrita una mayor prevalencia de alergias, sobre todo de rinitis alérgica, en pacientes adultos con infección por VIH-SIDA. Los reportes de pacientes pediátricos son aún esporádicos y se desconoce la prevalencia de alergias en niños con infección por VIH-SIDA. Sólo si se reconoce la causa alérgica de algunos síntomas, se tratarán de manera adecuada, lo que podría disminuir la morbilidad y las complicaciones (infecciosas)
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/virologia , Rinite/imunologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/virologiaRESUMO
During an infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) the immune system is deregulated, even before real immunodeficiency, lymphopenia and AIDS occur. The immunologic alterations that have been described are a differentiation of a T-lymphocyte subclass, Th1 to Th0. Immunologic stimulation of these Th0 cells afterwards, makes them mature into Th2 cells. This causes a imbalance between the Th1 and Th2 cells, in favor of the second group. The clinical expression of this imbalance is an elevated risk of HIV-seropositive patients for allergies and for autoimmune disease, specially those autoimmune disease in which the production of autoantibodies prevails. Sometimes of differential diagnosis with systemic lupus erythematosus is difficult. There has been describes a major prevalence of allergic diseases, especially allergic rhinitis, in adult patients infected by HIV. Reports in pediatric patients are still sporadic, and the prevalence of allergies in children infected with HIV-AIDS is unknown. Only after recognizing the allergic nature of some symptoms, the treatment will be complete, reducing morbidity and infectious complications.
