Establishment of a mandible defect model in rabbits infected with multiple bacteria and bioinformatics analysis.

Objective: A model of chronic infectious mandibular defect (IMD) caused by mixed infection with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was established to explore the occurrence and development of IMD and identify key genes by transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Methods: S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were diluted to 3 × 108 CFU/mL, and 6 × 3 × 3 mm defects lateral to the Mandibular Symphysis were induced in 28 New Zealand rabbits. Sodium Morrhuate (0.5%) and 50 µL bacterial solution were injected in turn. The modeling was completed after the bone wax closed; the effects were evaluated through postoperative observations, imaging and histological analyses. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed to investigate the function of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results: All rabbits showed characteristics of infection. The bacterial cultures were positive, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Cone beam CT and histological analyses showed inflammatory cell infiltration, pus formation in the medullary cavity, increased osteoclast activity in the defect area, and blurring at the edge of the bone defect. Bioinformatics analysis showed 1,804 DEGs, 743 were upregulated and 1,061 were downregulated. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the DEGs were enriched in immunity and osteogenesis inhibition, and the core genes identified by the PPI network were enriched in the Hedgehog pathway, which plays a role in inflammation and tissue repair; the MEF2 transcription factor family was predicted by IRegulon. Conclusion: By direct injection of bacterial solution into the rabbit mandible defect area, the rabbit chronic IMD model was successfully established. Based on the bioinformatics analysis, we speculate that the Hedgehog pathway and the MEF2 transcription factor family may be potential intervention targets for repairing IMD.

[Clinical Effect of Bazhen Decoction Combined with Sequential Treatment of Chemotherapy on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients with Deficiency of Qi and Yin].

AbstractObjective: To study the clinical effect of Bazhen decoction combined with sequential treatment of chemotherapy on acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with deficiency of Qi and Yin. METHODS: 84 acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with deficiency of both Qi and Yin treated in the Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2014 to October 2016 were selected. According to the method of random control table, the patients were divided into study group and control group, with 42 patients in each group. The patients in the control group was treated by sequentially with standard chemotherapy regimen（VDCLP + intensive chemotherapy）, and the patients in the study group were treated by Bazhen decoction based on control group. The complete remission after 1 month of treatment and 3year followup mortality were compared between the patients in the two groups, the blood routine, the levels of Th17, Th22, Treg and immunoglobulin(IgA, IgG and IgM) in peripheral blood of the patients were detected, the occurrence of myelosuppression and adverse reactions were analyzed. RESULTS: The complete remission rate (90.48% vs 73.81%) after 1 month of treatment, 3year survival rate (71.79% vs 47.37%) and diseasefree survival (61.54% vs 36.84%) of the patients in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of granulocytes, WBC, PLT, and Hb of the patients in both of the two groups were increased significantly, and the blood routine test values of the patients in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of Th17 and Th22 of the patients in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while Treg was significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of IgA, IgM and IgE in peripheral blood of the patients in the study group were increased significantly after treatment, and the levels of immunoglobulin of the patients in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The proportion of bone marrow suppression grade 0 of the patients in the study group was significantly higher than those in the control group, while the proportion of grade III was significantly lower than those in the control group, and the overall inhibition degree of the patients in the study group was lighter than those in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of nausea and vomiting, liver and kidney injury and infection of the patients in the study group was significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Bazhen decoction can improve the blood routine and immune function of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with qiyin deficiency after sequential treatment, reduce bone marrow suppression and the incidence of adverse reactions, thus improving the clinical efficacy.

Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of 167 Cases of Acute Erythroleukemia.

To observe the biological characteristic and the prognoses in patients with acute erythroleukemia (AEL). The results of 167 patients with newly diagnosed AEL, from January 2004 and June 2014 in the department of Hematology, Shandong Province Chinese Medicine Hospital, were reviewed by morphology, immunology, cytogenetics, molecular biology. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that CD13 (96.1 %), CD33 (95.1 %), CD117 (87.4 %) and CD34 (79.4 %) were highly expressed in AEL. 56 of 148 (37.8 %) AEL patients had a variety of cytogenetic abnormalities, 27 of 148 (18.2 %) patients were complex karyotype (abnormal involving 3 or more chromosomes), the abnormalities of chromosomes 3, 5, 7 and 8 were more frequently involved and the most common one was +8, accounting for 35.7 % of all abnormal karyotype, followed by 5q- (17.9 %). Mutation analysis showed CEBPA mutation ratio of AEL patients was 44.0 % (11/25), that of NPM1as 15.4 % (4/26). Initial induced remission rate of AEL was 56.6 % (30/53), compared by 33.3 % (4/12) of MDSM6. Survival analysis was shown that the overall survival in female was better than that in male (P = 0.047). The overall survival time of transplantation group was significantly longer than chemotherapy group (P = 0.000). The OS of 13-39 years old group was the best, 40-49 years old group took second place, >50 years old group appeared to be the worst. Patients with AML-M6 had dysplasia in varying degrees in granulocyte, erythrocyte and megakaryocyte series. Periodic acid-Shiff reaction staining in polychromatic erythroblast and ortho-chromatic erythroblast had a specificity in the diagnosis of AEL. AEL had its own unique biological features, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation could significantly improve its poor prognosis.

[Immunosuppressive therapy for aplastic anemia--review].

Immunosuppressive therapy (IST) is essential to treat aplastic anemia. The pharmacological mechanism, therapeutic effect of main drugs and their application method, reasonable dosage, synergistic action are briefly reviewed in this article. These reviewed drugs include ATG/ALG, CsA, ALG/ATG + CsA, IIST (ALG + CsA) + HGFs, McAb-T, HD-MP and HD-IVIG. The purpose of this review was to direct to clinical therapy for patients with aplastic anemia.