Correlation between PRDX2 and spermatogenesis under oxidative stress.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of the world's diseases that endanger human health, causing systemic inflammation caused by excessive reactive oxygen damage. An increase in the proportion of obese people with reduced sperm motility has been reported. But the mechanism behind it remains unclear. Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) is a member of the peroxidase family that effectively removes hydrogen peroxide. This study is to clarify the expression of PRDX2 in the testes of obese mice and lay a foundation for further exploration of the regulatory and protective effects of PRDX2 on spermatogenesis. METHOD: A model of high-fat-induced obesity in animals was constructed, and the expression of PRDX2 in the testes of the two groups was detected by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, immunofluorescence and other techniques. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and cholesterol were co-cultured in testicular support cells for 48 h to observe the expression of PRDX2. RESULT: PRDX2 expression was reduced in the testes of the obese group, and immunohistochemistry showed that it was mainly localized to supporting cells. H2O2 inhibits the expression of PRDX2 in Sertoli cells, and high cholesterol upregulates the expression of PRDX2 in Sertoli cells. CONCLUSION: PRDX2 has some antioxidant properties against changes in the testicular environment caused by HFD. And under short-term oxidative stress to enhance its antioxidant capacity. PRDX2 may be involved in maintaining the oxidative balance of the spermatogenesis environment.

A vascular-liver chip for sensitive detection of nutraceutical metabolites from human pluripotent stem cell derivatives.

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) is a great resource for generating cell derivatives for drug efficiency testing. Metabolites of nutraceuticals can exert anti-inflammatory effects on blood vessels. However, the concentration of nutraceutical metabolites produced in hPSC-derived hepatocytes (hPSC-HEPs) is usually low. To enable the detection of these metabolites under the in vitro environment, we have developed a co-culture model consisting of parallel co-culture chambers and a recirculating microfluidic system with minimum fluid volume, optimal cell culture environment. The model allows cells to be exposed continuously to nutraceutical metabolites. In this perfused culturing model, hPSC-derived endothelial cells and hPSC-HEPs are co-cultured without physical contact. When an anti-inflammatory nutraceutical, quercetin, was administrated to the co-culture, higher levels of quercetin metabolites were detected on-chip compared with static control. We further induced inflammation with Interleukin-1ß in the co-culture model and measured interleukin 8 (IL-8) generation. The IL-8 level was suppressed more significantly by quercetin metabolites in the perfusion co-culture, as compared to static culture. This is due to enhanced metabolites production on-chip. This microfluidic co-culture model enables in vitro screening of nutraceuticals using hPSC-derived cells.

[One case of correlation between the human herpesvirus 7 DNA load and the hemo hagocytic syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To research the relationship between human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) viral Load and the etiopathogenisis of hemophagocytic syndrome, in order to provide evidence for the clinical diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome and anti-virus therapy. METHODS: Peripheral blood of patient with hemophagocytic syndrome during different treatment periods, extracted DNA, Syntheticed the primers of HHV-7, gene sequence of PCR amplified fragments detected, determined HHV-7 viral Load by Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and the ferritin concentration in peripheral blood detected by chemiluminescence. RESULT: The sequence result indicated that PCR amplified fragment was a part of HHV-7 gene, the ferritin concentration viried with the load of HHV-7. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of hemophagocytic syndrome is connetted with the load of HHV-7.

Modulation of electronic couplings within Ru2-polyyne frameworks.

Dimers of [Ru(2)(Xap)(4)] bridged by 1,3,5-hexatriyn-diyl (Xap are 2-anilinopyridinate and its aniline substituted derivatives), [Ru(2)(Xap)(4)](2)(µ-C(6)) (1), were prepared. Compounds 1 reacted with 1 equiv of tetracyanoethene (TCNE) to yield the cyclo-addition/insertion products [Ru(2)(Xap)(4)](2){µ-C≡CC(C(CN)(2))-C(C(CN)(2))C≡C} (2) and 1 equiv of Co(2)(dppm)(CO)(6) to yield the η(2)-Co(2) adducts to the middle C≡C bond, [Ru(2)(Xap)(4)](2)(µ-C(6))(Co(2)(dppm)(CO)(4)) (3). Voltammetric and spectroelectrochemical studies revealed that (i) two Ru(2) termini in 1 are sufficiently coupled with the monoanion (1(-)) as a Robin-Day class II/III mixed valence species; (ii) the coupling between two Ru(2) is still significant but somewhat weakened in 3; and (iii) the coupling between two Ru(2) is completely removed by the insertion of TCNE in 2. The attenuation of electronic couplings in 2 and 3 was further explored with both the X-ray diffraction study of representative compounds and spin-unrestricted DFT calculations.

[The correlation between the polyomavirus DNA load and the dose of immunosuppressant].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between the polyomavirus DNA load and the dose of immunosuppressant in patients with allogene bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) for preventing the development of post-transplantational hemorrhagic cystitis. METHODS: Serial blood and urine samples from 122 cases of allo-BMT recipients were obtained and DNA was extracted from urine samples. Polyomavirus DNA-specific probe was synthesized and Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for detecting the polyomavirus DNA loads and Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) was performed for determining the dose of immunosuppressant Cyclosporin A (CsA) in blood. RESULTS: The altered polyomavirus DNA load in urine was followed by concentration of CsA in blood. When the concentration of CsA in blood was higher than 86-105 ng/ml, the positive rate of polyomavirus DNA load was significantly increased and both presented the linable correlation. CONCLUSION: In immunosuppression condition, polyomavirus DNA load correlated to the dose of immunosuppressant, which increased the risk of post-transplantational hemorrhagic cystitis.

Bis-alkynyl diruthenium compounds with built-in electronic asymmetry: toward an organometallic Aviram-Ratner diode.

Conditions to prepare trans-[Ru2(dmba)4(C[triple chemical bond]CAr)2] from [Ru2(dmba)4(NO(3))2] (DMBA=N,N'-dimethylbenzamidinate) and HC[triple chemical bond]CAr were optimized; Et2NH was found to be the most effective among a number of weak bases in facilitating the product formation. Furthermore, a series of unsymmetric trans-[(ArC[triple chemical bond]C)Ru(2)(dmba)4(C[triple chemical bond]CAr')] compounds were prepared under optimized conditions, in which one or both of Ar and Ar' are donor (NMe2)-/acceptor (NO(2))-substituted phenyls. While the X-ray crystallographic studies revealed a minimal structural effect upon donor/acceptor substitution, voltammetric measurements indicated a significant influence of substituents on the energy level of frontier orbitals. In particular, placing a donor and an acceptor on the opposite ends of trans-[(ArC[triple chemical bond]C)Ru2(dmba)4(C[triple chemical bond]CAr')] moiety results in an energetic alignment of frontier orbitals that favors a directional electron flow, a necessary condition for unimolecular rectification.

Suzuki coupling at the periphery of diruthenium coordination and organometallic compounds.

A series of diruthenium compounds, Ru2(DArF)3(L")Cl (2), where the auxiliary ligand DArF is DmAniF or D(3,5-Cl2Ph)F and L" is one of the diarylformamidinate ligands containing at least one biphenyl, were prepared from Suzuki reactions between Ru2(DArF)3(L')Cl (1), where L' is (4-I-Ph)NC(H)NPh (N-(4-iodophenyl)-N'-phenylformamidinate) or D(4-I-Ph)F (N,N'-di(4-iodophenyl)formamidinate), and ArB(OH)2 (Ar = Ph and 4-CH3C(O)Ph) in satisfactory yields. Alkynylation of the type 2 compounds with LiCCPh yielded the alkynyl derivatives Ru2(DArF)3(L")(CCPh) (3). Alternatively, type 3 compounds can be prepared from the Suzuki coupling reaction between Ru2(DArF)3(L')(C2Ph) and ArB(OH)2. A structural comparison between the type 1 and 2 compounds revealed minimal changes in the coordination sphere of Ru2 core. Cyclic voltammograms of Suzuki derivatives resemble those of the parent compounds, indicating the retention of the electrophore characteristic of diruthenium species upon peripheral modification.

Strong electronic couplings between ferrocenyl centers mediated by bis-ethynyl/butadiynyl diruthenium bridges.

A series of trans-(FcC(2n))Ru(2)(Y-DMBA)(4)(C(2m)Fc) with n, m = 1 and 2 and Y-DMBA as N,N'-dimethylbenzamidinate or N,N'-dimethyl-(3-methoxy)benzamidinate have been synthesized and characterized. The intramolecular Fc...Fc distances, established through single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, range from 11.6 to 16.6 A. Results from both voltammetric and spectroelectrochemical studies indicate that the (-C(2n))Ru(2)(Y-DMBA)(4)(C(2m-) fragments are among the most efficient mediators of intramolecular hole transfer. Density-functional calculations offer both the insight on the ground-state electronic properties and unambiguous assignment for the observed electronic absorptions.

Diosmium(III) compounds supported by 2-anilinopyridinate and novel alkynyl derivatives.

The reaction between Os(2)(OAc)(4)Cl(2) and Hap (Hap is 2-anilinopyridine) under prolonged refluxing conditions resulted in an Os(III)(2) compound, Os(2)(ap)(4)Cl(2) (1), that can be crystallized as either the cis-(2,2) isomer from a CH(3)OH-CH(2)Cl(2) solution or the (3,1) isomer from a hexanes-CH(2)Cl(2) solution. Compound 1 undergoes facile reactions with LiC(2)Y to yield a series of Os(2)(ap)(4)(C(2)Y)(2) compounds with Y as Ph (2), ferrocenyl (3), SiMe(3) (4), and C(2)SiMe(3) (5). X-ray diffraction study of compound 2 reveals solvent-dependent isomerism similar to that of the parent compound 1. Compound 1 has Os-Os distances of 2.3937(8) and 2.3913(8) Angstroms for the cis-(2,2) and (3,1) isomers, respectively, and is paramagnetic (S = 1). Both the ethynyl derivatives 2-4 and butadiynyl derivative 5 are diamagnetic and have Os-Os distances of 2.456(1), 2.471(1), and 2.481(1) Angstroms for the cis-(2,2) and (3,1) isomers of 2 and (3,1) isomer of 4, respectively. Compounds 1-5 exhibit multiple one-electron redox couples in their cyclic voltammograms, including a reversible Os(2)(8+/7+) couple for 2. Resonance Raman spectra of both compounds 1 and 2 are reported.

Ru2(ap)4(sigma-oligo(phenyleneethynyl)) molecular wires: synthesis and electronic characterization.

Reported in this contribution are the synthesis, characterization, and charge transport properties of wire-like Ru2(ap)4(OPEn), where ap is 2-anilinopyridinate and OPE is -(CCC6H4)nSCH2CH2SiMe3 with n = 1 (1) and 2 (2). Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements of compound 2 inserted into a SAM of C11 thiol reveal that molecule 2 exhibits (i) the stochastic switching characteristic of wire molecules embedded in insulating SAMs and (ii) higher conductivity than the C11 thiol SAM. More importantly, analysis of the molecular electronic decay constant (beta) exhibits a decrease of at least 15% as compared to purely organic molecular analogues. Hence, the transport characteristics of molecules can be significantly improved for nanoscale electronics through the incorporation of a Ru2 fragment into conjugated backbone.

Sulfide-capped wire-like metallaynes as connectors for Au nanoparticle assemblies.

A new series of Ru2(DMBA)4(oligo(phenyleneethyne))2 compounds bearing sulfide termini was synthesized; structural characterization revealed both the rigid rod nature and extended pi-conjugation in these metallaynes; in the presence of these metallaynes, Au nanoparticles readily assembled into dimers and chains with well-defined inter-dimer distances.

Dirhenium paddlewheel compounds supported by N,N'-dialkylbenzamidinates: synthesis, structures, and photophysical properties.

Dirhenium(III,III) compounds Re2(DMBA)4Cl2 (1, DMBA=N,N'-dimethylbenzamidinate) and Re2(DEBA)4Cl2 (2, DEBA=N,N'-diethylbenzamidinate) were synthesized via molten reactions between Re2(OAc)4Cl2 and the corresponding amidine. Re2(DMBA)4(NO3)2 (3) was obtained through reacting Re2(DMBA)4Cl2 with AgNO3. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the Re-Re distances in compounds 1-3 are 2.212(1), 2.217(1), and 2.173(1) A, respectively, which are consistent with the presence of a Re-Re quadruple bond. Voltammetric studies revealed that compound 2 exhibits two quasireversible couples, an oxidation and a reduction, and an irreversible reduction, while compound 1 displays irreversible couples at similar potentials. The three complexes exhibit 1deltadelta* absorption as a shoulder at approximately 440 nm (epsilon approximately 1500 M(-1) cm(-1)). Upon excitation of solid samples or CH2Cl2 solutions of 2 with visible light, emission is observed at 824 nm (77 K) and 833 nm (298 K), respectively. The luminescence is assigned as arising from the 3deltadelta* excited state.

trans-Bis(alkynyl) diruthenium(III) tetra(amidinate): an effective facilitator of electronic delocalization.

Insertion of a Ru2(DMBA) unit into 1,4-bisferrocenylbutadiyne drastically enhances the electronic coupling between two Fc units.

Polyyn-diyls capped by diruthenium termini: a new family of carbon-rich organometallic compounds and distance-dependent electronic coupling therein.

Polyyn-diyls capped by Ru(2)(ap)(4) termini (ap = 2-anilinopyridinate), that is, [Ru2(ap)4](mu-C,C'-C2m)[Ru2(ap)4] (compounds 1-5 with m = 1-4 and 6), were synthesized through either a metathesis reaction between Ru2(ap)4Cl and LiC(2m)Li or a Glaser homocoupling reaction of Ru2(ap)4(CmH) under Eglinton/Hay conditions. X-ray diffraction studies of compounds 2 and 4 revealed both the linear rigid rod topology of these compounds and the fine structural details about the Ru2 cores and polyyn-diyl chains. Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric (CV and DPV) measurements and spectroelectrochemical studies show that reduced and oxidized forms of 1, 2, 4, and 5 are donor-acceptor systems in which the Ru2 termini are coupled to varying degrees depending upon the length of the polyyn-diyl bridge.

[Effects of simulated weightlessness on EEG frequency fluctuation characteristics].

Objective. To develop a method of EEG monitoring under special environment, which is of value for astronauts selection and training. Method. Weightlessness was simulated by means of -6 degrees head down bed rest (HDBR). Rest EEG was recorded in 12 male subjects (aged 18-22) with eyes-closed and then analyzed by means of EEG frequency-fluctuation analysis system. Result. Before HDBR, the dominant order at parietal and occiput was 10, 9, 11 Hz; At frontal and temporal regions 9 Hz competed with 10 Hz for the main dominant component, while the third was 7 Hz. During HDBR, reversible changes of position and interrelation between 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 Hz appeared, and the frequency components and their regions involved spread gradually. The probability of 7 Hz and 8 Hz dominance increased, while 10 Hz and 11 Hz dominance decreased. At parietal, occiput and post-temporal regions, 9 Hz competed with 10 Hz for the main dominant component, the third was 7 Hz. At frontal and pre-temporal regions, 9 Hz occupied the main dominant position, while the second was 7 Hz (at right-frontal regions, it even occupied the main dominant position), the third was 10 Hz. Conclusion. Simulated weightlessness cause change of EEG dominant-frequency fluctuation competitive structure significantly. Brain adaptation function decrease, and headache can be easily induced. There exists a potential influence on brain function.