Black rice diet alleviates colorectal cancer development through modulating tryptophan metabolism and activating AHR pathway.

Consumption of dietary fiber and anthocyanin has been linked to a lower incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study scrutinizes the potential antitumorigenic attributes of a black rice diet (BRD), abundantly rich in dietary fiber and anthocyanin. Our results demonstrate notable antitumorigenic effects in mice on BRD, indicated by a reduction in both the size and number of intestinal tumors and a consequent extension in life span, compared to control diet-fed counterparts. Furthermore, fecal transplants from BRD-fed mice to germ-free mice led to a decrease in colonic cell proliferation, coupled with maintained integrity of the intestinal barrier. The BRD was associated with significant shifts in gut microbiota composition, specifically an augmentation in probiotic strains Bacteroides uniformis and Lactobacillus. Noteworthy changes in gut metabolites were also documented, including the upregulation of indole-3-lactic acid and indole. These metabolites have been identified to stimulate the intestinal aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway, inhibiting CRC cell proliferation and colorectal tumorigenesis. In summary, these findings propose that a BRD may modulate the progression of intestinal tumors by fostering protective gut microbiota and metabolite profiles. The study accentuates the potential health advantages of whole-grain foods, emphasizing the potential utility of black rice in promoting health.

Male-Biased Gut Microbiome and Metabolites Aggravate Colorectal Cancer Development.

Men demonstrate higher incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) than women. This study aims to explain the potential causes of such sexual dimorphism in CRC from the perspective of sex-biased gut microbiota and metabolites. The results show that sexual dimorphism in colorectal tumorigenesis is observed in both ApcMin/ + mice and azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice with male mice have significantly larger and more tumors, accompanied by more impaired gut barrier function. Moreover, pseudo-germ mice receiving fecal samples from male mice or patients show more severe intestinal barrier damage and higher level of inflammation. A significant change in gut microbiota composition is found with increased pathogenic bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila and deplets probiotic Parabacteroides goldsteinii in both male mice and pseudo-germ mice receiving fecal sample from male mice. Sex-biased gut metabolites in pseudo-germ mice receiving fecal sample from CRC patients or CRC mice contribute to sex dimorphism in CRC tumorigenesis through glycerophospholipids metabolism pathway. Sexual dimorphism in tumorigenesis of CRC mouse models. In conclusion, the sex-biased gut microbiome and metabolites contribute to sexual dimorphism in CRC. Modulating sex-biased gut microbiota and metabolites could be a potential sex-targeting therapeutic strategy of CRC.

Citrus fruit intake and lung cancer risk: A meta-analysis of observational studies.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the hypothesis that Citrus intake may reduce the risk of lung cancer. DESIGN: Meta-analyses of Dichotomy and dose-response relationship. DATA SOURCES: We searched online literature databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library to screen relevant articles available up to 27 July 2020. Search terms included (i) Citrus, Fruit, Diet, Dietary; (ii) cancer, neoplasm, tumor (iii)lung; (iv)case-control, cohort, prospective. STUDY SELECTION: The selection of studies and the meta-analysis were carried out by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The following inclusion criteria were chosen: (i) epidemiological studies with case-control or cohort design; (ii) human participants; (iii) studies investigated the relationship between Citrus fruit intake and lung cancer risk; (iv) if data were duplicated in more than two studies, we brought the most recent or all-sided study into this analysis. We collected all full-text articles that met the inclusion criteria. We applied the following exclusion criteria to the full-text articles, including possible articles listed by manual search: (i) there was no represented odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) estimate and its corresponding 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) (or data to calculate them) for the highest versus lowest levels of Citrus fruit consumption (ii) reviews, systematic reviews and meta-analyses; (iii) there was no data of Citrus fruit intake at the individual level. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently performed the extraction of data from eligible studies. STATISTICAL METHODS: Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % CIs were combined and weighted by the method of "Dersimonian and Laird" to produce pooled ORs using a random-effects model. Moreover, we utilized the method reported by "Longnecker and Greenland" to evaluate linear trends and 95 % CIs by the ORs' natural logs and corresponding CIs from categories of Citrus intake. Finally, we evaluated the risk of publication bias and selection bias by inspecting for asymmetry in the pre-specified funnel plots of the study OR against the standard error of the OR's logarithm and by "Egger's test". RESULTS: We included twenty-one studies in the final review. Pooled analyses suggested that those with the highest Citrus fruit intake compared to the lowest intake had a 9% reduction in lung cancer risk [OR 0.91 (95 % CI 0.84-0.98)]. We found a nonlinear association between Citrus intake and lung cancer risk in the dose-response analysis (p = 0.0054) and that the risk reached the minimum (OR = 0.91) around 60 g/d. However, no obvious dose-response association was observed with intakes above 80 g/d. CONCLUSION: We found that Citrus fruit intake was negatively associated with the risk of lung cancer. Besides, there was a nonlinear dose-response relationship between Citrus intake and lung cancer risk within a certain range.

Feasibility of occipital condyle screw placement in patients with Chiari malformation type I: a computed tomography-based morphometric study.

BACKGROUND: The occipital condyle (OC) screw is an alternative technique for occipitocervical fixation that is especially suitable for revision surgery in patients with Chiari malformation type I (CMI). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and safety of this technique in patients with CMI. METHODS: The CT data of 73 CMI patients and 73 healthy controls were retrospectively analyzed. The dimensions of OCs, including length, width, height, sagittal angle, and screw length, were measured in the axial, sagittal, and coronal planes using CT images. The OC available height was measured in the reconstructed oblique parasagittal plane of the trajectory. RESULTS: The mean length, width, and height of OCs in CMI patients were 17.79 ± 2.31 mm, 11.20 ± 1.28 mm, and 5.87 ± 1.29 mm, respectively. All OC dimensions were significantly smaller in CMI patients compared with healthy controls. The mean screw length and sagittal angle were 19.13 ± 1.97 mm and 33.94° ± 5.43°, respectively. The mean OC available height was 6.36 ± 1.59 mm. According to criteria based on OC available height and width, 52.1% (76/146) of OCs in CMI patients could safely accommodate a 3.5-mm-diameter screw. CONCLUSIONS: The OC screw is feasible in approximately half of OCs in CMI patients. Careful morphometric analyses and personalized surgical plans are necessary for the success of this operation in CMI patients.

Effect of Voice Training on Vocal Function for Patients with Early Vocal Fold Polyps / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of voice training on the vocal function of patients with early vocal fold polyps. Methods:From May, 2016 to May, 2018, 80 patients with unilateral wide-based vocal fold polyps were randomly divided into control group (n = 40) and experimental group (n = 40). Both groups underwent voice hygiene education, and the experimental group accepted voice training, 40 minutes a week for twelve weeks in addition. They were evaluated with fiber laryngoscope, voice handicap index (VHI) and the computer phonatory detection before and after training. Results:Five in the control group and seven in the experimental group were dropped out. After training, the cure rate and the improvement rate of vocal fold polyps were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (χ2 = 24.608, P < 0.001). The scores of VHI significantly improved in the experimental group (t/Z > 11.701, P < 0.05), and were better than those in the control group (t/Z > 7.027, P < 0.001). The scores of jitter, shimmer, and maximum phonation time improved (|t/Z| >5.012, P < 0.001) after training in the experimental group, and were better than those in the control group (t/Z > 4.596, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Voice training could improve the vocal function of patients with early vocal fold polyps, reduce hoarseness, and improve the voice quality.

Therapeutic observation of acupuncture plus navel acupuncture for urinary retention after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus navel acupuncture for patients with urinary retention after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. Methods: A total of 64 patients with urinary retention after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer was divided into a navel acupuncture group (22 cases), an acupuncture group (18 cases) and an acupuncture plus navel acupuncture group (24 cases). All three groups received bladder function training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation. In addition, navel points were combined in the navel acupuncture group. Electroacupuncture was conducted to Qihai (CV 6), Zhongji (CV 3), Dahe (KI 12), Shuidao (ST 28), Ciliao (BL 32) and Huiyang (BL 35) in the acupuncture group. The acupuncture plus navel acupuncture group received both treatments. The catheter was removed after 3 d of treatment. Spontaneous urination, residual urine volume, urinary catheter dependence and recurrence after 3 d, 6 d and 9 d of treatment in each group were observed, respectively. Results: In the acupuncture plus navel acupuncture group, the markedly effective rates after 3 d, 6 d and 9 d of treatment were significantly higher than those in the navel acupuncture group and the acupuncture group; the urinary catheter dependence was lower than that of the other two groups, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05, P<0.01); the spontaneous urination time was shorter than that of the navel acupuncture group and the acupuncture group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05, P<0.01); the residual urine volume was significantly less than that of the navel acupuncture group and the acupuncture group, and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.01). After the catheter was removed, recurrence was observed from the next day after spontaneous urination was resumed. There were 2 cases of recurrence in the navel acupuncture group, 2 cases in the acupuncture group and 1 case in the acupuncture plus navel acupuncture group. The recurrence rate of the acupuncture plus navel acupuncture group was significantly lower than that of the navel acupuncture group and the acupuncture group (both P<0.01). Conclusion: Acupuncture plus navel acupuncture has satisfactory efficacy for urinary retention after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. It can significantly shorten the urinary retention time, reduce the patient's dependence on urinary catheter, and reduce the residual urine volume.

Predictive factors for pituitary response to pulsatile GnRH therapy in patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) may induce spermatogenesis in most patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) by stimulating gonadotropin production, while the predictors for a pituitary response to pulsatile GnRH therapy were rarely investigated. Therefore, the aim of our study is to investigate predictors of the pituitary response to pulsatile GnRH therapy. This retrospective cohort study included 82 CHH patients who received subcutaneous pulsatile GnRH therapy for at least 1 month. Patients were categorized into poor or normal luteinizing hormone (LH) response subgroups according to their LH level (LH <2 IU l-1 or LH ≥2 IU l-1) 1 month into pulsatile GnRH therapy. Gonadotropin and testosterone levels, testicular size, and sperm count were compared between the two subgroups before and after GnRH therapy. Among all patients, LH increased from 0.4 ± 0.5 IU l-1 to 7.5 ± 4.4 IU l-1 and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) increased from 1.1 ± 0.9 IU l-1 to 8.8 ± 5.3 IU l-1. A Cox regression analysis showed that basal testosterone level (ß = 0.252, P = 0.029) and triptorelin-stimulated FSH60min(ß = 0.518, P = 0.01) were two favorable predictors for pituitary response to GnRH therapy. Nine patients (9/82, 11.0%) with low LH response to GnRH therapy were classified into the poor LH response subgroup. After pulsatile GnRH therapy, total serum testosterone level was 39 ± 28 ng dl-1 versus 248 ± 158 ng dl-1 (P = 0.001), and testicular size was 4.0 ± 3.1 ml versus 7.9 ± 4.5 ml (P = 0.005) in the poor and normal LH response subgroups, respectively. It is concluded that higher levels of triptorelin-stimulated FSH60minand basal total serum testosterone are favorable predictors of pituitary LH response to GnRH therapy.

Association between insulin therapy and risk of liver cancer among diabetics: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.

As the results of the association between insulin therapy and risk of liver cancer among diabetics have been inconsistent in epidemiological studies, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantify this issue. Data of relevant epidemiological studies were collected by searching articles in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase till 29 June 2017. Random-effects models were employed to combine study-specific risks. Five cohort studies and nine case-control studies were included in our meta-analysis with 285 008 patients with diabetes mellitus and 4329 liver cancer cases. When we compared insulin-use group with noninsulin use group in patients with diabetes mellitus, we observed a statistically significant association between insulin therapy and liver cancer, with an overall relative risk of 1.90 (95% confidence interval: 1.44-2.50, I=76.1%). We did not find heterogeneity between subgroups stratified by study characteristics and adjusted confounders, except for subgroups related to 'follow-up years' of cohort studies. The combined estimate was robust across sensitivity analysis, and no publication bias was detected. Our results indicated that insulin therapy was associated with elevated incidence of liver cancer among diabetics. Given the high prevalence of diabetes, avoiding excess or unnecessary insulin use to control the blood glucose may offer a potential public health benefit in reducing liver cancer risk. Further studies are warranted to investigate the types, doses, and treatment duration of insulin use in large sample size or cohort of diabetic patients.

Pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy is associated with earlier spermatogenesis compared to combined gonadotropin therapy in patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Both pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) infusion and combined gonadotropin therapy (human chorionic gonadotropin and human menopausal gonadotropin [HCG/HMG]) are effective to induce spermatogenesis in male patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH). However, evidence is lacking as to which treatment strategy is better. This retrospective cohort study included 202 patients with CHH: twenty had received pulsatile GnRH and 182 had received HCG/HMG. Patients had received therapy for at least 12 months. The total follow-up time was 15.6 ± 5.0 months (range: 12-27 months) for the GnRH group and 28.7 ± 13.0 months (range: 12-66 months) for the HCG/HMG group. The median time to first sperm appearance was 6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6-10.4) in the GnRH group versus 18 months (95% CI: 16.4-20.0) in the HCG/HMG group (P < 0.001). The median time to achieve sperm concentrations ≥5 × 10 6 ml-1 was 14 months (95% CI: 5.8-22.2) in the GnRH group versus 27 months (95% CI: 18.9-35.1) in the HCG/HMG group (P < 0.001), and the median time to concentrations ≥10 × 10 6 ml-1 was 18 months (95% CI: 10.0-26.0) in the GnRH group versus 39 months (95% CI unknown) in the HCG/HMG group. Compared to the GnRH group, the HCG/HMG group required longer treatment periods to achieve testicular sizes of ≥4 ml, ≥8 ml, ≥12 ml, and ≥16 ml. Sperm motility (a + b + c percentage) evaluated in semen samples with concentrations >1 × 10 6 ml-1 was 43.7% ± 20.4% (16 samples) in the GnRH group versus 43.2% ± 18.1% (153 samples) in the HCG/HMG group (P = 0.921). Notably, during follow-up, the GnRH group had lower serum testosterone levels than the HCG/HMG group (8.3 ± 4.6 vs 16.2 ± 8.2 nmol l-1 , P < 0.001). Our study found that pulsatile GnRH therapy was associated with earlier spermatogenesis and larger testicular size compared to combined gonadotropin therapy. Additional prospective randomized studies would be required to confirm these findings.

Effects of PPARγ on the cholesterol efflux of C57 mice peritoneal macrophage in inflammatory conditions / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To explore the effects of PPARγ on the cholesterol efflux of C57 mice peritoneal macrophage.Methods:Firstly constructing C57 mice model under different metabolic situation including high-fat diet and acute inflammation then isolate and culture its peritoneal macrophage,observing the expressions of PPARγ and IκB-α,identify the character of macrophage cholesterol efflux in every group.Then pretreat the normol C57 mice peritoneal macrophage with PPARγ ligand ciglitazone and PPARγ antisense oligonucleotide,observing the effect to cholesterol efflux after simulated with LPS in vitro.Results:The level of mice serum lipids of high fat diet group was significantly higher than that of normal diet group.The results of Western-blotting showed that the expression of PPARγ protein in groups of HFD and stimulated by LPS were significantly higher than that of control group.The expression in groups stimulated by LPS was all lower significantly than in control grouph.The determination of cholesterol efflux showed that this function of macrophage with HFD was more enhanced than that of control group but was inhibited in group stimulated by LPS.To normol peritoneal macrophage pretreat with PPARγ antisense oligonucleotide and stimulated by LPS,the expression of PPARγ protein was lower than that of control group but the expression of IκB-α was depressed obviously.Conclusion:The PPARγ ligand ciglitazone can increase the cholesterol efflux of C57 mice peritoneal macrophage and weaken the inhibition stimulated by LPS.The PPARγ antisense oligonucleotide can depress it and aggravate the inhibition.

Type 2 diabetes and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a report from two population-based cohort studies in China.

Coinciding with the increased incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) during the past decades, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in mainland China. We therefore evaluated whether type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with the risk of NHL using data from the Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS) and the Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS). The SMHS and SWHS are two on-going, prospective, population-based cohorts of more than 130 000 Chinese adults in urban Shanghai. Self-reported diabetes was recorded on the baseline questionnaire and updated in follow-up surveys. Cox regression models with T2D as a time-varying exposure were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for covariates. After a median follow-up of 12.9 years for SWHS and 7.4 years for SMHS, 172 NHL cases were identified. Patients with T2D have a higher risk of incident NHL with a hazard ratio of 2.00 (95% confidence interval: 1.32-3.03) compared with those without diabetes. This positive association remained when the analysis was restricted to untreated diabetes or after excluding NHL cases that occurred within 3 years after the onset of diabetes. No interaction effect was found in the development of NHL between T2D and other potential risk factors. A linear inverse association was found between T2D duration and the risk of NHL in both men and women (Pfor linearity<0.01), with a highest risk of incident NHL in the first 5 years after the diagnosis of diabetes. Our study suggested that T2D might be associated with an increased risk of NHL.

Study on the Detection of Rice Seed Germination Rate Based on Infrared Thermal Imaging Technology Combined with Generalized Regression Neural Network.

On the basis of the differences in physiology and physics of rice seed with different aging time, the paper proposes a fast and nondestructive method which is based on infrared thermal imaging technology and generalized regression neural network to detect the germination rate of rice seed. This method solves the problems of long experimental period, complex operations and other disadvantages of the traditional method which is used to detect germination rate. When the temperature is 45 ℃ and humidity is 90%, the rice seeds are aged for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 d respectively to get rice seeds of different germination rate. The data of 144 groups was extracted from the germ of rice seed. This data was divided into two groups randomly: the calibration set was 96 groups and the prediction set was 48 groups. Through analyzing and comparing the differences of infrared thermal image of rice seeds of different aging days, the relationship in physics and physiology between germination rate of rice seed and infrared thermal images was revealed. The infrared prediction model for germination rate of rice seed was established by combining partial least squares algorithm, Back Propagationneural network and General regression neural network. The result shows that the optimal germination rate model is built with GRNN. In this model, the correlation coefficient (RC) and standard deviation (SEC) of calibration sets are 0.932 0 and 2.056 0. At the same time, the correlation coefficient (RP) and standard deviation (SEP) of prediction sets are 0.900 3 and 4.101 2. The relevance reaches a higher level and the standard deviation is small. Therefore, the experiment shows that combining infrared thermal imaging technology with GRNN to study germination rate of rice seed is feasible. The model has a higher accuracy in terms of rapid determination of the germination rate of rice seed.

A simulation study of gait in elderly women based on different rigid-body models / 医用生物力学

Objective By comparing the accuracy of different multi-rigid-body models used for simulating walking process of elderly women, to explore the effect of walking speed on the load of knee joints based on the obtained optimal model. Methods In human motion simulation software ADAMS/LifeMOD, the individualized human body models with 19 (M1), 16 (M2) or 12 (M3) links and the corresponding grounds were established, respectively. Then, the dynamic simulation of gait based on 3 models was conducted in turn. Results By comparing the vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), the walking time, the lower extremity joint angles among 3 models, M2 was the most applicable model to reproduce the real performance of gait. When elderly woman fastened their walking speed, the peak values of vGRF, the knee joint torque and power peak were all increased significantly. Conclusions It is suggested that elderly women should do more training for their quadriceps to improve their walking behavior. The research findings also provide references for rehabilitation treatment of knee osteoarthritis patients in clinic.

Effect of inhibiting TIM-4 function in Kupffer cells on liver graft rejection in mice / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of inhibiting TIM-4 function in Kupffer cells (KCs) on liver graft rejection in mice and explore the underlying mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mouse models of orthotopic liver transplantation were treated with a control mAb group and TIM-4 mAb. The activated KCs were assayed with immunohistochemistry after operation. The expression of TIM-4 in KCs were assayed with Western blotting and RT-PCR and the levels of AST, ALT, TBIL, TNF-α, IFN-γ and CCL2 were assayed detected. The expression of TIM-4 in KCs was observed with laser confocal microscopy. HE staining was used to observe the microstructure of the liver tissues, and the number of CD25Foxp3T cells was determined using with flow cytometry; the proteins levels of p-P65and p-P38 were assayed with Western blotting. The donor mice were treated with clodronate liposomes to destroy the KCs in the liver before transplantation, and the liver grafts were examined for graft rejection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The number of activated KCs in the liver graft increased progressively over time. Compared with the sham-operated group, the liver graft showed significantly increased TIM-4 protein and mRNA levels at 1, 3, and 7 days after transplantation (P<0.05) and increased levels of AST, ALT, TBIL, TNF-α, IFN-γ and CCL2 at 7 days (P<0.05). The graft in TIM-4 mAb group showed mild pathological changes with a mean RAI score of 2.67∓0.75, which was significantly lower than that in control mAb group (P<0.05). The mean survival time of the recipient mice was 53.8∓6.4 days in TIM-4 mAb group, significantly longer than that in the control mAB group (14.5∓2.9 days, P<0.05). Donor treatment with clodronate liposomes resulted in comparable RAI scores in TIM-4 mAb and control mAb groups (8.01∓0.64 vs 7.93∓0.56, P>0.05). The protein levels of p-P65 and p-P38 in TIM-4 mAb group were significantly lower than those in control mAb group (P<0.05), and CD25Foxp3T cells in the liver graft increased significantly in TIM-4 mAb group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Inhibition of TIM-4 function in KCs reduces the production of inflammatory factors after liver transplantation possibly by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and promoting the proliferation of Foxp3Treg cells to induce allograft tolerance.</p>

Reduced Fgf10/Fgfr2 and androgen receptor (AR) in anorectal malformations male rats induced by di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP): A study on the local and systemic toxicology of DBP.

Previous study have demonstrated that not only the anorectal development but also the general conditions of anorectal malformations (ARMs) male rats are severely affected by di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) maternal exposure. However, the mechanisms underlying DBP-induced congenital defects remain elusive. Reportedly, Fgf10/Fgfr2 and androgen receptor (AR) are pivotal for the development of multiple organs. In this study, we therefore investigated the expression of Fgf10/Fgfr2 together with AR in the terminal rectum and multiple organs of ARM male rats induced by in utero exposure to DBP. DBP was administered to pregnant rats to establish the model and the incidence of ARMs in male offspring was 39.5%. On postnatal day(PND)1, the gross photograph and histopathological staining confirmed the abnormal manifestations in these organs of newborn ARMs. Decreased anogenital distance, body weight and serum testosterone level were observed in ARM male offspring. The reduced expression of Fgf10/Fgfr2 mRNA and protein was seen in terminal rectum and kidney, spleen, liver, heart in ARM male rats, whereas the reduced expression of AR was only observed in the kidney and terminal rectum. Our findings suggest the potential involvement of altered Fgf10/Fgfr2 signaling and AR in pathogenesis of local and systemic development defects in ARMs male rats induce by DBP.

Population-based cohort studies of type 2 diabetes and stomach cancer risk in Chinese men and women.

Although positive associations have been found for diabetes and a number of cancer sites, investigations of stomach cancer are limited and the results lack consistency. In this prospective study we investigated the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and stomach cancer risk in mainland China. We assessed the associations among T2DM, T2DM duration, and stomach cancer risk in two prospective population-based cohorts, the Shanghai Women's Health Study and the Shanghai Men's Health Study. Included in the study were 61 480 men and 74 941 women. Stomach cancer cases were identified through annual record linkage to the Shanghai Cancer Registry, and verified through home visits and review of medical charts. After a median follow-up of 7.5 years for the Shanghai Men's Health Study and 13.2 years for the Shanghai Women's Health Study, a total of 755 incident cases of stomach cancer (376 men and 379 women) were identified through to September 2013. Overall, we did not find any evidence that T2DM was associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer either in men (multi-adjusted hazard ratio = 0.83, 95% confidence interval, 0.59-1.16) or in women (multi-adjusted hazard ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.25). Our findings from two large prospective population-based cohorts suggest that T2DM was not associated with stomach cancer risk.

Reversal of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a cohort study in Chinese patients.

Although idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) has traditionally been viewed as a life-long disease caused by a deficiency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons, a portion of patients may gradually regain normal reproductive axis function during hormonal replacement therapy. The predictive factors for potential IHH reversal are largely unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the incidence and clinical features of IHH male patients who had reversed reproductive axis function. In this retrospective cohort study, male IHH patients were classified into a reversal group (n = 18) and a nonreversal group (n = 336). Concentration of gonadotropins and testosterone, as well as testicle sizes and sperm counts, were determined. Of 354 IHH patients, 18 (5.1%) acquired normal reproductive function during treatment. The median age for reversal was 24 years old (range 21-34 years). Compared with the nonreversal group, the reversible group had higher basal luteinizing hormone (LH) (1.0 ± 0.7 IU l -[1] vs 0.4 ± 0.4 IU l-1 , P< 0.05) and stimulated LH (28.3 ± 22.6 IU l-1 vs 1.9 ± 1.1 IU l-1 , P< 0.01) levels, as well as larger testicle size (5.1 ± 2.6 ml vs 1.5 ± 0.3 ml, P< 0.01), at the initial visit. In summary, larger testicle size and higher stimulated LH concentrations are favorite parameters for reversal. Our finding suggests that reversible patients may retain partially active reproductive axis function at initial diagnosis.

Variants in motilin, somatostatin and their receptor genes and risk of biliary tract cancers and stones in Shanghai, China.

Altered motility of the gallbladder can result in gallstone and cholecystitis, which are important risk factor for biliary tract cancer. Motilin (MLN) and somatostatin (SST) are known important modulators of gallbladder motility. To determine whether genetic variants in motilin, somatostatin, and their receptor genes are associated with the risk of biliary tract cancers and stones, nine tag-SNPs were determined in 439 biliary tract cancer cases (253 gallbladder, 133 extrahepatic bile duct and 53 ampulla of Vater cancer cases), 429 biliary stone cases, and 447 population controls in a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China. We found that subjects with the MLNR rs9568169 AA genotype and SSTR5 rs169068 CC genotype were significantly associated with risk of extrahepatic bile duct cancer (OR =0.49, 95% CI: 0.27-0.89; OR =2.40, 95% CI: 1.13-5.13) compared to the major genotypes. MLN rs2281820 CT and rs3793079 AT genotypes had significantly increased risks of gallstones (OR =1.52, 95% CI: 1.06-2.18; OR =1.64, 95% CI: 1.20-2.25) compared to TT genotypes. Besides, Haplotype analysis showed that MLN T-T-T haplotype (rs2281820-rs3793079-rs2281819) had a non-significantly elevated risk of gallstone (OR =1.30, 95% CI: 0.91-1.86) compared with C-A-A haplotype. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report an association between genetic polymorphisms in MLN, MLNR and their receptor genes and risk of biliary tract cancers and stones.

Genetic polymorphism of NFKB1 and NFKBIA genes and liver cancer risk: a nested case-control study in Shanghai, China.

OBJECTIVES: Genetic variations of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway were found to be associated with inflammatory diseases and several malignancies. However, little is known about NF-κB pathway gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of liver cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic variants of NFKB1 and NFKBIA were associated with risk of liver cancer in a Chinese population. DESIGN: The study was designed as a nested case-control study within two prospective cohorts (the Shanghai Women's Health Study, SWHS, 1996-2000 and the Shanghai Men's Health Study, SMHS, 2002-2006). SETTINGS: This population-based study was conducted in urban Shanghai, China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 217 incident liver cancer cases diagnosed through 31 December 2009 and 427 healthy controls matched by sex, age at baseline (±2 years) and date (±30 days) of sample collection were included in the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Genetic polymorphisms of NFKB1 and NFKBIA were determined blindly by TaqMan single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay. OR and its 95% CIs were estimated by an unconditional logistic regression model to measure the association between selected SNPs and the risk of liver cancer. RESULTS: After adjusted for potential confounding factors, rs28362491 ins/del or del/del genotypes were associated with higher risk of liver cancer with an adjusted OR 1.54 (95% CI 1.04 to 2.28). rs230496 AG and GG genotypes were also noted with higher risk of liver cancer with an adjusted OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.26). Haplotype analysis indicated that carriers of the NFKB1 GA and AA (rs230525-rs230530) haplotypes had higher risk of liver cancer under an additive model. No association was observed between NFKBIA variants and risk of live cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that genetic variants of NFKB1 influence liver cancer susceptibility in Chinese population, although replication in other studies is needed.

Re-evaluation of ABO gene polymorphisms detected in a genome-wide association study and risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a Chinese population.

Pancreatic cancer is a fatal malignancy with an increasing incidence in Shanghai, China. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) and other work have shown that ABO alleles are associated with pancreatic cancer risk. We conducted a population-based case-control study involving 256 patients with pathologically confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and 548 healthy controls in Shanghai, China, to assess the relationships between GWAS-identified ABO alleles and risk of PDAC. Carriers of the C allele of rs505922 had an increased cancer risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.98] compared to TT carriers. The T alleles of rs495828 and rs657152 were also significantly associated with an elevated cancer risk (adjusted OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.17-2.14; adjusted OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.09-2.10). The rs630014 variant was not associated with risk. We did not find any significant gene-environment interaction with cancer risk using a multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. Haplotype analysis also showed that the haplotype CTTC was associated with an increased risk of PDAC (adjusted OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.12-1.91) compared with haplotype TGGT. GWAS-identified ABO variants are thus also associated with risk of PDAC in the Chinese population.