[Study on metastasis and micrometastasis in No.14v lymph nodes of patients with lower third gastric cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To study the metastasis and micrometastasis in No.14v lymph nodes in patients with lower third gastric cancer. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed. A total of 53 patients undergoing radical resections by a single surgeon for lower third gastric cancer in the Department of General Surgery at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical College were included. Conventional pathological section was used to detect lymph nodes metastasis and telomere TRAP-ELISA was used to identify the micrometastasis in No.14v lymph nodes. RESULTS: A total of 96 lymph nodes were dissected from the No.14v group and lymph nodes metastasis were discovered in 9 patients by conventional pathological section. Forty-four patients had no metastasis on conventional pathological examination, of whom 13(29.6%) were found to have micrometastasis. The overall metastatic rate was 41.5%(22/53). Metastasis and micrometastasis in the No.14v lymph nodes were associated with Borrmann types, depth of invasion, No.6 lymph nodes metastasis, tumor diameter, and TNM staging(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: No.14v lymph nodes in patients with lower third gastric cancer is associated with a high incidence of metastasis and micrometastasis. The status of No.6 lymph nodes may be used as an useful indicator for No.14v lymph nodes metastases during the operation.

[Biohydrogen production by anaerobic fermentation from manure wastewater].

Biohydrogen production by anaerobic sludge was studied by using manure wastewater as substrate, in batch process. The influences of sludge and carbon nitrogen nutrition on hydrogen production, the liquid fermentative products and hydrogen dynamics were investigated. The results indicate both sludge and nutrition were able to enhance the hydrogen production. It can be obtained maximum hydrogen content 50.65%, cumulative hydrogen production 334.80 mL and hydrogen yield per COD 287.10 mL/g from manure wastewater with carbon nitrogen nutrition and sewage sludge. However, the cumulative hydrogen production and the hydrogen yield per COD were only 59.24 mL and 67.05 mL/g from raw wastewater. Acetic acid and butyric acid in the effluent of fermentation occupied 61%-86%. It might be acetic-butyric acid type fermentation in the batch reactor. The more the VFA content, the higher the hydrogen yield. A modified Gompertz model can adequately describe the H2 production.

Genetic engineering of human embryonic stem cells with lentiviral vectors.

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells present a valuable source of cells with a vast therapeutic potential. However, the low efficiency of directed differentiation of hES cells remains a major obstacle in their uses for regenerative medicine. While differentiation may be controlled by the genetic manipulation, effective and efficient gene transfer into hES cells has been an elusive goal. Here, we show stable and efficient genetic manipulations of hES cells using lentiviral vectors. This method resulted in the establishment of stable gene expression without loss of pluripotency in hES cells. In addition, lentiviral vectors were effective in conveying the expression of an U6 promoter-driven small interfering RNA (siRNA), which was effective in silencing its specific target. Taken together, our results suggest that lentiviral gene delivery holds great promise for hES cell research and application.