Magnifying image-enhanced endoscopy-only mode boosted early cancer diagnostic efficiency: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Magnifying image-enhanced endoscopy (MIEE) is an advanced endoscopy with image enhancement and magnification used in preoperative examination. However, its impact on the detection rate is unknown. METHODS: We conducted an open-label, randomized, parallel (1:1:1), controlled trial in 6 hospitals in China. Patients were recruited between February 14, 2022 and July 30, 2022. Eligible patients were aged ≥18 years and undergoing gastroscopy in outpatient departments. Participants were randomly assigned to the MIEE-only mode (o-MIEE) group, white-light endoscopy-only mode (o-WLE) group, and MIEE when necessary mode (n-MIEE) group (initial WLE followed by switching to another endoscope with MIEE if necessary). Biopsy sampling of suspicious lesions of the lesser curvature of the gastric antrum was performed. Primary and secondary aims were to compare detection rates and positive predictive value (PPV) of early cancer and precancerous lesions in these 3 modes, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 5100 recruited patients were randomly assigned to the o-MIEE (n = 1700), o-WLE (n = 1700), and n-MIEE (n = 1700) groups. In the o-MIEE, o-WLE, and n-MIEE groups, 29 (1.51%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-2.16), 4 (.21%; 95% CI, .08-.54), and 8 (.43%; 95% CI, .22-.85) early cancers were found, respectively (P < .001). The PPV for early cancer was higher in the o-MIEE group compared with the o-WLE and n-MIEE groups (63.04%, 33.33%, and 38.1%, respectively; P = .062). The same trend was seen for precancerous lesions (36.67%, 10.00%, and 21.74%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The o-MIEE mode resulted in a significant improvement in diagnosing early upper GI cancer and precancerous lesions; thus, it could be used for opportunistic screening. (Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR2200064174.).

Is lymphatic invasion of microrectal neuroendocrine tumors an incidental event?: A case report.

BACKGROUND: A rectal neuroendocrine tumor (rNET) is a malignant tumor originating from neuroendocrine cells. Currently, tumor size is the primary basis for assessing tumor risk. CASE SUMMARY: This article reports the case of a 46-year-old male patient who underwent a colonoscopy that found a 3 mm rectal polypoid bulge. The pathological examination of a sample collected with biopsy forceps revealed a neuroendocrine tumor. Further endoscopic submucosal dissection rescue therapy was used. The presence of lymphatic vessels indicated that the tumor had infiltrated the negative resection margin. The lesion was located in the distal rectum near the anal canal. Therefore, to ensure the patient's quality of life, follow-up observation was conducted after full communication with the patient. No tumor recurrence or distant metastasis has been found during the 13-mo follow-up after surgery. CONCLUSION: Despite the presence of lymphatic invasion and extremely small diameter rNETs in our case, this phenomenon may not imply a higher risk of distant lymph node and organ metastasis.

Pathological Analysis and Endoscopic Characteristics of Colorectal Laterally Spreading Tumors.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the endoscopic and pathological characteristics of colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) to assist malignant risk stratification to inform selection of the appropriate treatment strategy. METHODS: Patients with colorectal LST were selected as retrospective study objects. Characteristics, including endoscopic findings and the most common site of LSTs of different diameters and histological types, were analyzed. The risk factors for malignancy in colorectal LST were explored by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: LSTs with diameters of ≥20 mm were found mainly in the rectum and mainly with granular-mixed (G-M) morphology (36% and 44.6%, respectively; p < 0.05), while LSTs with diameters of <20 mm were found mainly in the ascending colon and mainly with granular-homogenous (G-H) morphology (40.9% and 46.2%, respectively; p < 0.05). Adenoma was the main histological type in patients with tumors of all diameters. However, the cancerization rate of LSTs was 31% in patients with tumor diameter ≥20 mm, while there was no invasive cancer in patients with tumor diameter < 20 mm. In the low-grade dysphasia (adenoma) group, most of the lesions were located in the ascending colon and most had the morphology LST-G-H (35.8% and 39.2%, respectively; p < 0.05). In the cancerization group, most of the lesions were located in the rectum, with the morphology LST-G-M (51.6% and 67.2%, respectively; p < 0.05), and the diameter was larger than that of the adenoma group (33.84 ± 17.99 mm vs 21.68 ± 8.99 mm). CONCLUSION: The rectum was the most common site for an LST with a diameter ≥20 mm and cancerization, of which the morphology was mainly LST-G-M (endoscopic submucosal dissection is the preferred treatment for this type of LST). LST malignancy was found to be correlated with lesion diameter, location, and morphological appearance.

Duodenal giant stromal tumor combined with ectopic varicose hemorrhage: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal tissue tumors originating from Cajal cells, presenting diverse clinical manifestations due to the different sizes, locations, and growth patterns of the lesions. Duodenum is an uncommon site of GISTs, more with gastrointestinal obstruction and bleeding as the first symptoms. Ectopic duodenal varix, as a rare varix occurring outside the gastroesophageal region, is the main type of heterotopic varices and an unusual cause of gas-trointestinal hemorrhage. The etiology is mainly seen in liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, vasculitis, portal vein embolism and obstruction caused by various factors. Reports of duodenal stromal tumor combined with ectopic variceal hemorrhage are rarely seen; however, when it occurs, the situation can sometimes be urgent and life-threatening, especially when traditional endoscopy and imaging fail to detect the lesion timely. CASE SUMMARY: We report a 52-year-old female patient who had no obvious inducement to develop black stool. Gastroscopy in a local hospital revealed that the duodenal horizontal ectopic varices were ruptured and bleeding. After metal clamping hemostasis, she still had gastrointestinal bleeding and was transferred to our hospital. Gastroscopy showed that active bleeding was still seen in the horizontal part of duodenum, and suspicious submucosal eminence was seen in the bleeding part. Abdominal computed tomography showed a huge stromal tumor of duodenum, specimens were pathologically confirmed after surgery. After a 3-mo follow-up, no gastrointestinal hemorrhage and complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Ectopic variceal hemorrhage is rare but sometimes fatal. It may be combined with stromal tumor, which can be diagnosed by multiple methods. Endoscopic and surgical treatment are effective.

Plexiform fibromyxoma of the small bowel: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Plexiform fibromyxoma is a rare, special type of mesenchymal tumor. The most common presenting symptoms are anemia, hematemesis, and hematochezia, without sex or age predilection. The reported cases have mainly occurred in the gastric antrum and pylorus region, with some cases in the duodenum. CASE SUMMARY: We report here a case of plexiform fibromyxoma in the upper segment of the jejunum, which was continuously followed up for 3 years after surgical removal. Plexiform fibromyxoma showed multinodular or plexiform growth. The cells in the tumor node were spindle-shaped but few in number and mitotic figures. Small blood vessels and mucous matrix were found among the tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the plexiform fibromyxoma cells were positive for smooth muscle actin, focally positive for CD10, and negative for cytokeratin, CD117, DOG-1 (discovered on GIST-1) desmin, S-100, epithelial membrane antigen, and CD34. Ki-67 labeling index was < 5%. Plexiform fibromyxoma showed benign biological behavior. After 3 years of consecutive postoperative follow-up, no obvious signs of metastasis or recurrence were found by imaging examination. CONCLUSION: Plexiform fibromyxoma is a rare type of mesenchymal tumor. The diagnosis mainly depends on pathological examination, and it should be distinguished from other gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors.