Distribution pattern of iron deposition in the basal ganglia of different motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease.

OBJECTIVE: The quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) technique was used to analyze the distribution pattern of iron deposition in the basal ganglia region of patients with motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD) and to explore the difference in iron content in the basal ganglia region of PD motor subtypes on the major motor symptomatic side. METHODS: The study included 76 patients with PD and 37 healthy controls (HC). Patients with PD were divided into two groups: postural instability/gait disorder (PIGD)(n = 48), and tremor dominance (TD)(n = 28). We classified patients with PD according to the side of the major motor symptoms as left PIGD (n = 23), left TD (n = 14), right PIGD (n = 25), and right TD (n = 14). All subjects underwent brain magnetic resonance scanning to obtain QSM and susceptibility values in the corresponding regions of interest (ROI). RESULTS: (1) Compared with the HC, the bilateral SN in the PD-PIGD and TD group showed greater susceptibility values. The susceptibility values in the left CN, bilateral PUT were also greater in the PD-PIGD group than the HC. (2) Compared with the TD, the left PUT susceptibility values were greater in the PIGD group, especially in patients whose major symptomatic side were on the right limb. (3) Correlation analysis showed that in the PD group, bilateral SN was positively correlated with the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale III part scores of the Movement Disorder Society (MDS-UPDRS III) and the Hoehn-Yahr stage. Bilateral dentate nucleus (DN) susceptibility values were significantly positively correlated with TD scores, and left PUT susceptibility values were positively correlated with PIGD scores. The left SN within the PIGD group was positively correlated with the PIGD score. CONCLUSION: There were different iron deposition patterns in the basal ganglia between the PD-PIGD and TD groups. There also seems to be a difference in iron deposition in PD motor subtypes on different major motor symptom sides.

[Optimization immobilizing activated carbon and bacteria by sodium alginate and its character of adsorption of Pb2+].

Through the immobilized biosorption of activated carbon and Paenibacillus polymyxa GA1 by sodium alginate, this paper take advantage of the orthogonal experiment to investigate the adsorption characteristics of sodium alginate. According to the research, the optimal preparation conditions were as following: the mass fraction of sodium alginate was 2.5%; the amount of carbon and bacteria was 1:20 and 1:2, respectively; under the preparation condition, the adsorption rate could reach to 93.74%. The adsorption conditions of the immobilized beads were: pH 5, temperature 30 degrees C and Pb2+ with an initial concentration of 300 mg x L(-1). Moreover, the immobilized activated carbon and GA1 improved their application range of pH, temperature and the initial concentration of Pb2+. Based on the equilibrium curve, it showed that the adsorption of Pb2+ was a rapid process within 30 min and gradually reached leveling within 2 h. What's more, the equilibrium curve could be well described by Langmuir model and Freundlich model, which be consisted mainly of monolayer adsorption, and the maximum monolayer adsorption amount was 370.37 mg x g(-1). Finally, the desorption result showed that the immobilized beads could be recycled effectively.