Preliminary and Comparative Experiment Study Between 18F-Flurpiridaz and 13N-NH3·H2O Myocardial Perfusion Imaging With PET/CT in Miniature Pigs.

OBJECTVES: To comparatively explore the differences between 18F-Flurpiridaz and 13N-NH3·H2O PET/CT myocardial perfusion imaging in miniature pigs. METHODS: Ten Bama minipigs were divided into normal group and myocardial infarction group. The changes of the ratio of left ventricular myocardium to main organs with time were calculated and the best imaging time was confirmed for 18F-Flurpiridaz imaging in normal group. The image quality score, summed rest score(SRS), Extend, total perfusion deficit(TPD) and left ventricle ejection fraction(LVEF) were respectively compared for 18F-Flurpiridaz and 13N-NH3·H2O in infarction group. RESULTS: 18F-Flurpiridaz was rapid distributed in myocardium, and the background counts of cardiac cavity were very low, and no obvious interference extracardiac radioactivity was observed. The radioactive ratio of the left ventricular myocardium to cardiac blood pool and adjacent liver were high. Compared with 13N-NH3·H2O, there were no significant differences in functional parameters, including SRS, Extend, TPD and LVEF. CONCLUSION: The results preliminaryly show that 18F-FIurpiridaz is a promising positron MPI agent with good image quality, ability of accurately evaluating cardiac function, and also convenience for application.

(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography comparison of gastric lymphoma and gastric carcinoma.

AIM: To compare (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) features in gastric lymphoma and gastric carcinoma. METHODS: Patients with newly diagnosed gastric lymphoma or gastric carcinoma who underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT prior to treatment were included in this study. We reviewed and analyzed the PET/CT features of gastric wall lesions, including FDG avidity, pattern (focal/diffuse), and intensity [maximal standard uptake value: (SUVmax)]. The correlation of SUVmax with gastric clinicopathological variables was investigated by χ(2) test, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the differential diagnostic value of SUVmax-associated parameters in gastric lymphoma and gastric carcinoma. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients with gastric lymphoma and 73 with gastric carcinoma were included in this study. Abnormal gastric FDG accumulation was found in 49 patients (94.23%) with gastric lymphoma and 65 patients (89.04%) with gastric carcinoma. Gastric lymphoma patients predominantly presented with type I and type II lesions, whereas gastric carcinoma patients mainly had type III lesions. The SUVmax (13.39 ± 9.24 vs 8.35 ± 5.80, P < 0.001) and SUVmax/THKmax (maximal thickness) (7.96 ± 4.02 vs 4.88 ± 3.32, P < 0.001) were both higher in patients with gastric lymphoma compared with gastric carcinoma. ROC curve analysis suggested a better performance of SUVmax/THKmax in the evaluation of gastric lesions between gastric lymphoma and gastric carcinoma in comparison with that of SUVmax alone. CONCLUSION: PET/CT features differ between gastric lymphoma and carcinoma, which can improve PET/CT evaluation of gastric wall lesions and help differentiate gastric lymphoma from gastric carcinoma.

Predictive efficacy of (11)C-PD153035 PET imaging for EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

To determine the correlation of (11)C-PD153035 uptake with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) sensitivity and phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR) expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with different EGFR-TKI sensitivities and in their corresponding xenografts. Four human NSCLC cell lines (HCC827, PC9, A549, and H1975) in the logarithmic phase were co-incubated with (11)C-PD153035 to analyze the correlation of (11)C-PD153035 uptake with EGFR-TKI sensitivity, and EGFR/pEGFR expression. Nude mice xenograft models bearing the four NSCLCs were prepared. (11)C-PD153035 positron-emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) was used to image the xenografts and observe radioactive uptakes. Correlation of the in vivo uptakes with EGFR-TKI sensitivity, and EGFR/pEGFR expression was analyzed. HCC827 and PC9 cells, which were highly sensitive to EGFR-TKIs, exhibited higher (11)C-PD153035 uptakes than the other cells. A549 cells, which were moderately sensitive to EGFR-TKIs, showed higher uptake than the EGFR-TKI-resistant H1975 cells, which showed little or no uptake. Radioactive uptakes were positively correlated with pEGFR expression in all cells. PET-CT showed that radioactivity was highest in HCC827 xenografts. The radioactivity in PC9 xenografts was higher than that in A549 and H1975 xenografts. Tumor vs. non-tumor tissue ratio values were positively correlated with pEGFR expression in HCC827 and PC9 xenografts, but not in A549 and H1975 xenografts. In conclusion, (11)C-PD153035 can serve as an EGFR imaging agent in vitro and in vivo, and predicts sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs. This will provide an experimental basis for clinical applications of (11)C-PD153035 and individualized NSCLC therapy.

siRNA silencing EZH2 reverses cisplatin-resistance of human non-small cell lung and gastric cancer cells.

Clinical resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is one of the major hindrances in the treatment of human cancers. EHZ2 is involved in drug resistance and is overexpressed in drug-resistant cancer cell lines. In this study, we investigated the effects of EHZ2 on cisplatin -resistance in A549/DDP and AGS/DDP cells. EHZ2 mRNA and protein were found to be significantly overexpressed in A549/DDP and AGS/DDP cells, compared to parental cells. EHZ2 siRNA successfully silenced EHZ2 mRNA and protein expression. Proliferation was inhibited and drug resistance to cisplatin was improved. Flow cytometry showed that silencing of EHZ2 arrested A549/DDP and AGS/DDP cells in the G0/G1 phase, increasing apoptosis, rh-123 fluorescence intensity and caspase-3/8 activities. Silencing of EHZ2 also significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of cyclin D1 and MDR1,while up-regulating p15, p21, p27 and miR-218 in A549/DPP cells. Furthermore, silencing of EHZ2 also significantly increased the expression level of tumor suppressor factor miR-218. We also found down-regulating EHZ2 expression increased methylation in A549/DDP and AGS/DDP cells. This study demonstrates that drug resistance can be effectively reversed in human cisplatin-resistant lung and gastric cancer cells through delivery of siRNAs targeting EHZ2.

Comparison of the diagnostic performance of 18F-fluorothymidine versus 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography on pulmonary lesions: A meta analysis.

A pulmonary lesion is an extremely common and clinically challenging disorder worldwide, and an accurate diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial for early treatment and management. The aim of the present study was to perform a comprehensive meta analysis to compare the diagnostic performance of 18F-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET in evaluating patients with pulmonary lesions. Relevant studies were identified using the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases. The pooled estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive-likelihood ratio, negative-likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for 18F-FLT PET versus 18F-FDG PET were calculated as the main outcome measures. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were also constructed by Meta-Disk 1.4 software using a Mose's constant of linear model. The meta analysis showed that 18F-FLT PET had a higher specificity (0.70; 95% CI, 0.61-0.77), but lower sensitivity (0.81; 95% CI, 0.74-0.87) compared to 18F-FDG PET (0.50; 95% CI, 0.41-0.58 for specificity; 0.92; 95% CI 0.86-0.95 for sensitivity). For DOR, 18F-FLT PET (12.58; 95% CI, 6.81-23.24) was higher compared to 18F-FDG PET (10.72; 95% CI, 5.51-20.87). The area under the curve was 0.8592 and 0.9240 for 18F-FLT PET and 18F-FDG PET, respectively (Z=0.976, P>0.05). In conclusion, 18F-FLT PET and 18F-FDG PET had good diagnostic performance for the overall assessment of pulmonary lesions, and 18F-FLT PET had a higher specificity compared to 18F-FDG PET, but was less sensitive than 18F-FDG PET. Therefore, 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG together could add diagnostic confidence for pulmonary lesions.

Study on the effect of BMSCs-EGFP-tk as mediator of HSV1-tk/GCV suicide gene therapy directed against A549 in vitro.

This study aims to observe the expression of HSV1-tk in mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs-EGFP-tk) and detect the inhibition and killing effects of BMSCs as mediator of HSV1-tk/GCV on A549 cells in vitro, which can provide the experimental basis for gene therapy of lung cancer. We constructed the recombinant plasmid Vector pDON-AI-2 Neo-HSV1-tk-IRES2-EGFP with genetic engineering methods. Then we obtained the virus-like particles with infection ability after packaging the virus. The recombinant plasmid was transfected into mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. The expressions of EGFP in cells were observed by fluorescence microscopy and HSV1-tk gene was detected with RT-PCR. At last, the A549 cells and BMSCs-EGFP-tk cells were co-cultured with in vitro contact method, and the effect of BMSCs-EGFP-tk/GCV system was determined by MTT. Results indicated that the biological characteristics of BMSCs-EGFP-tk were consistent with those of BMSCs and fluorescent light expression and HSV1-tk gene expression can persist at least 15 days. The A549 cells and BMSCs-EGFP-tk cells were co-cultured and BMSCs-EGFP-tk:A549 = 2:1, adding 1 µg/mL GCV, the theory mortality is 58.44%, but actually the mortality is 90%. There is almost no difference between BMSCs-EGFP-tk and BMSCs cells in biological characteristics. The growth of A549 cells have an obviously inhibition and the bystander effect is outstanding in vitro after co-culture and this experiment lays solid foundation for the future research.

Rare myeloid sarcoma/acute myeloid leukemia with adrenal mass after allogeneic mobilization peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare hematological neoplasm that develops either de novo or concurrently with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This neoplasm can also be an initial manifestation of relapse in a previously treated AML that is in remission. A 44-year-old male patient was diagnosed with testis MS in a local hospital in August 2010. After one month, bone marrow biopsy and aspiration confirmed the diagnosis of AML. Allogeneic mobilization peripheral blood stem cell transplantation was performed, with the sister of the patient as donor, after complete remission (CR) was achieved by chemotherapy. Five months after treatment, an adrenal mass was detected by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). Radiotherapy was performed for the localized mass after a multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussion. The patient is still alive as of May 2013, with no evidence of recurrent MS or leukemia.

Diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in comparison to bone scintigraphy, CT and 18F-FDG PET for the detection of bone metastasis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detection of bone metastasis in comparison with the efficacies of 18F-FDG PET/CT, CT, 18F-FDG PET and conventional planar bone scintigraphy in a series of cancer patients. METHODS: Five hundred and thirty patients who underwent both 18F-FDG PET/CT and bone scintigraphy within 1 month were retrospectively analyzed. The skeletal system was classified into 10 anatomic segments and interpreted blindly and separately. For each modality, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV were calculated and the results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Bone metastases were confirmed in 117 patients with 459 positive segments. On patient-based analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of 18F-FDG PET/CT were significantly higher than bone scintigraphy, CT and 18F-FDG PET (P<0.05). On segment-based analysis, the sensitivity of CT, bone scintigraphy, 18F-FDG PET and 18F-FDG PET/CT were 70.4%, 89.5%, 89.1% and 97.8%, respectively (P<0.05, compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT). The overall specificity and accuracy of the four modalities were 89.1%, 91.8%, 90.3%, 98.2% and 90.3%, 90.9%, 89.8%, 98.0%, respectively (P<0.05, compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT). The PPV and NPV were 89.8%, 87.6%, 85.6%, 97.2% and 85.6%, 93.2%, 92.8%, 98.6%, respectively. Three hundred and twelve lesions or segments were presented as lytic or sclerotic changes on CT images at the corresponding sites of increased 18F-FDG uptake. In lytic or mixed lesions, the sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET were better than bone scintigraphy, while in osteoblastic lesions bone scintigraphy had a similar performance with 18F-FDG PET/CT but better than 18F-FDG PET alone. CONCLUSION: Our data allow the conclusion that 18F-FDG PET/CT is superior to planar bone scintigraphy, CT or 18F-FDG PET in detecting bone metastasis. 18F-FDG PET/CT may enhance our diagnosis of tumor bone metastasis and provide more information for cancer treatment.

Primary pericardial osteosarcoma on FDG PET/CT.

We present the (18)F-FDG PET/CT images of a 38-year-old woman with primary pericardial osteosarcoma. Routine chest radiography showed an enlarged cardiac silhouette. Plain chest CT found an oval tumor with dense calcification adhered to the left back of the heart. A whole-body FDG PET/CT scan was performed to evaluate the patient's condition. The images showed heterogeneous tracer uptake in the calcified tumor. There was no other evidence of active neoplastic disease. Histopathologic analysis of the pericardial tumor showed characteristic findings of primary pericardial osteosarcoma.

[Value of dual-time-point (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose integrated positron emission and computed tomography in differentiation of malignant from benign gastrointestinal diseases].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of dual-time-point (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose integrated positron emission and computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET-CT) in differentiation of malignant from benign gastrointestinal diseases. METHODS: Sixty five patients with suspected gastrointestinal lesions underwent dual-time-point (18)F-FDG PET-CT imaging. Standardized uptake value (SUV) was calculated for semi-quantitative assessment. The SUV of the two acquisitions were signed SUV(early) and SUV(delayed), respectively. Then the change of SUVmax (ΔSUVmax) was calculated. The ROC curves of the SUV(early), SUV(delayed) and ΔSUV were drawn to find the best cut-off point value for differential diagnosis, and then the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated, respectively. RESULTS: Of the malignant lesions, the SUVmax in delayed imaging were significantly higher than those in early imaging, while there were no significant differences of SUVmax between the two images of the benign lesions. The ΔSUVmax of the malignant lesions were significantly higher than that of the benign ones. Taking the SUVmax higher than 9.2 in early imaging as positive diagnostic criteria, the sensitivity was 72.7%, the specificity was 85.7%, the positive predictive value was 91.4%, the negative predictive value was 60.0%, and the accuracy was 76.9%. Taking the SUVmax higher than 10.9 in delayed imaging as positive diagnostic criteria, the sensitivity was 75.0%, the specificity was 90.5%, the positive predictive value was 94.3%, the negative predictive value was 63.3%, and the accuracy was 80.0%. Taking the ΔSUVmax higher than 5.1% as positive diagnostic criteria, the sensitivity was 95.5%, the specificity was 85.7%, the positive predictive value was 93.3%, the negative predictive value was 90.0%, and the accuracy was 92.3%. The accuracy of dual-time-point (18)F-FDG PET-CT imaging was significantly higher than that of single-time point (18)F-FDG PET-CT imaging. CONCLUSION: Dual-time-point (18)F-FDG PET-CT imaging is a useful method for differentiating malignant from benign gastrointestinal diseases, and it is superior to the single-time point (18)F-FDG PET-CT imaging.

[Clinical significance of (18)F-FDG PET/CT evaluation of response to treatment in T-cell lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the usefulness of (18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging in restaging, evaluating the treatment outcome, monitoring relapse and predicting prognosis of T-cell lymphoma. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of PET/CT image results of thirty-four patients with T-cell lymphoma, and to evaluate its clinical significance in restaging, treatment efficiency, relapse monitor and prognosis prediction. RESULTS: Clinical restaging among the 20 stage I and II patients, 6 were ascended, 9 descended and 5 unchanged. Restaging among the other 14 stage III and IV patients, 3 were ascended, 4 descended and 7 unchanged. There were 12 patients in complete remission (CR), 11 in partial remission (PR), 2 in stable disease (SD) and 9 in progressive disease (PD) among all the 34 patients. There is obvious statistical difference of the standardized uptake value (SUV) between the efficacy group and the inefficacy group after treatment of 6 courses at least in 25 patients among all the 34 patients (P = 0.009). There is obvious statistical difference of the SUV value before and after treatment in 8 patients among all the 34 patients (P = 0.000). There is obvious statistical difference in the survival time between the efficacy group and the inefficacy group after treatment of 6 courses at least in 25 patients among all the 34 patients (P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: (18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging plays an very important role in guiding clinical restaging, evaluating the treatment outcome, monitoring relapse and predicting prognosis of T-cell lymphoma. It is helpful to establish personalized treatment planning.

[Growing characteristic of breast adenocarcinoma suicide gene cell line T47D-tk and construction of subcutaneous xenografts].

OBJECTIVE: To further identify the breast adenocarcinoma cell line T47D-tk stably expressing the suicide gene HSV1-tk, observe its growing characteristics, and establish an animal model of implanted breast adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Retroviral vector of HSV1-tk gene and breast carcinoma cell line T47D-tk stably expressing the HSV1-tk gene were established. Breast carcinoma cells of the lines T47D and T47D-tk were cultured, and observed by inverted microscope. Growth curve was drawn. Genomic DNA of T47D-tk cells was extracted, and amplified by PCR with HSV1-tk and HSV1-tk P2 as primers. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to identify the HSV1tk gene. Suspensions of T47D and T47D-tk cells were inoculated subcutaneously at bilateral roots of foreleg of female BALB/c nude mice respectively. The growth of tumor was observed every day. RESULTS: PCR showed 1131 bp fragment in the T47D-tk genome, but not in the T47D genome. The numbers of growing T47D cells on days 3, and 7 were (10.00 +/- 1.30) x 10(3) and (19.25 +/- 0.66) x 10(3) respectively, not significantly different from those of the T47D-tk cells [(10.25 +/- 0.90) x 10(3) and (19.00 +/- 1.80) x 10(3) respectively, both P > 0.05]. The time needed for tumor formation after the inoculation of T47D cells was (9.67 +/- 0.33) d, not significantly different from that of the T47D-tk cells [(9.83 +/- 0.48) d, P > 0.05]. The tumor size 19 days after inoculation of the T47D cells was (72.17 +/- 25.88) mm(3), not significantly different from that of the T47D-tk cells [(70.66 +/- 22.16) mm(3), P > 0.05]. CONCLUSION: The T47D-tk cells have integrated the HSV1-tk gene without changing its growing characteristics. An animal model of implanted breast cancer has been successfully established. The T47D and T47D-tk subcutaneous xenografts offer the foundation for further study of gene imaging and gene therapy.

[Molecular imaging for PET-CT reporter gene in breast adenocarcinoma (HSV1-tk) of subcutaneous xenografts in living nude mice].

OBJECTIVE: To study the in vitro accumulation of (18)F-FHBG, its in vivo distribution and (18)F-FHBG PET-CT imaging for reporter gene (HSV1-tk) in nude mice with a xenograft of breast adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The in vitro uptake of (18)F-FHBG in tumor cells of T47D and T47D-tk and the distribution of (18)F-FHBG in normal Kunming mice and nude mice with breast adenocarcinoma xenograft were detected by well-type gamma counter. Reporter gene PET-CT imaging with (18)F-FHBG was performed in nude mice with a xenograft of breast adenocarcinoma. And the expression location of HSV1-tk gene could be monitored by observing the in vitro and in vivo accumulation of (18)F-FHBG. RESULTS: The in vitro uptake of (18)F-FHBG in T47D-tk cells (143.67 dpm/10(4) +/- 5.82 dpm/10(4) cells) was significantly higher than that in T47D cells (2.23 dpm/10(4) +/- 0.23 dpm/10(4) cells) at 60 and 120 min post-injection (P < 0.001) and reaches a plateau at 60 min. In normal Kunming mice, (18)F-FHBG was mainly distributed in liver, intestine, kidney and bladder while there was no obvious radioactive accumulation in brain. (18)F-FHBG accumulated at a significantly higher level in T47D-tk tumors than in T47D tumors and its accumulation yielded the best image effect at 2 h by PET-CT imaging in nude mice. CONCLUSION: The in vitro uptake of (18)F-FHBG in T47D-tk cells is significantly higher than that in T47D cells. (18)F-FHBG is mainly excreted by digestive tract and urinary tract in mice. It agrees with the expression pattern of HSV1-tk gene. (18)F-FHBG can determine the localization of HSV1-tk gene expression in an efficient way. This study will offer a monitoring method and scientific base for (18)F-FHBG reporter gene imaging and HSV1-tk gene therapy in tumors.

[Extraction, selenium-nanoparticle preparation and anti-virus bioactivity determination of polysaccharides from Caulerpa taxifolia].

OBJECTIVE: To extract polysaccharides from Caulerpa taxifolia and determine its anti-virus bioactivity. METHODS: The crude polysaccharides were extracted by hot water and precipitated with ethanol, then they were further purified by DEAE-Cellulose and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. After determined by chemicophysical analysis, the polished polysaccharides were selenium treated and bio-assayed by MT and CPE methods. RESULTS: The crude extraction from Caulerpa taxifolia was a kind of sulfated polysaccharides in which the average content of polysaccharides and sulfate were 27. 9% and 11.5%, respectively. The recovery rate of the polished polysaccharides was 66.3% after the 2-column purification. The IC50 and TI of the purified polysaccharide SCpl1 were 2.2 mg/mL and 3057.0, respectively. After treated with selenium, the average diameter of the nanoparticle was 28.6 nm, and its bioactivity and TI index were enhanced significantly although with a higher cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION: The polysaccharides from Caulerpa taxifolia and its selenium particles was a kind of bioactive substance for anti-virus drug-candidate development.

Ethyl 3-benzoyl-2-hydroxy-prop-2-enoate.

In the title compound, C(12)H(12)O(4), the dihedral angle between the plane through the phenyl ring and the mean plane of the side chain is approximately 14°. The mol-ecules, which contain an intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond, are linked end-to-end by weak C-H⋯O inter-molecular hydrogen-bonding contacts, forming infinite one-dimensional chain systems in the crystal structure.

[Progress of clinical pathology and application of PET-CT on thyroid carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: Identify the significance of variants in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the role of extracellular matrix (ECM), MMPs, cell adhesion molecular (CAM) and cytokine in lymphatic metastasis in PTC and the value of PET-CT in diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. METHODS: Five hundred and five cases of PTC which had complete medical records and followed up surveys were selected from the files. Clinical biological characteristic of the histological variants was investigated. Sixty cases of PTC were selected. As the important parts of micro ecosystems, ECM, MMPs, CAMs and cytokine were investigated in use of tissue chip and method of immunohistochemistry. In addition, a group of cases of thyroid carcinoma including PTC was analyzed, follicular thyroid carcinoma and medulla thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and their reports of PET-CT as the initiation. RESULTS: The variants could be divided into three groups in terms of the rate of cervical lymph node metastasis. The high-metastases group included diffuse sclerosing variant, tall cell variant, column cell variant and diffuse follicular variant. The low-metastases group included macrofollicular variant and papillary microcarcinomas. Others are included in the moderate-metastases group. The rate of cervical lymph node metastasis of each group were 83.0% , 55.5% and 34.1% (P < 0. 05), respectively. The 10-year-survival were 75.3% , 95.8% and 100.0% , respectively. The 20-year-survival were 31.2%, 80.3% and 87.5%, respectively. The positive rate of LN, FN, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, CD, Integrinbeta-1, ICAM-1, EGFR, TGFR-beta, VEGF-C and E-Cad in metastasis ranged from 51.6% (Integrinbeta-1) to 98.3% (CD), and that in primartumor ranged from 46.7% (FN) to 98.3% (ICAM-1). The expression of E-cad in primartumor was lower than that in normal tissues (P < 0.05). The sensitivity of PET-CT was 100% and the specificity was 85.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristic has significant difference among the variants. Individual treatment should be performed in terms of different variants. Furthermore, some molecules play an important role in the lymph node metastasis of PTC and may be considered as the focus of future study. In addition, compared with CT and Bus, PET-CT is more sensitive and has its unquestionable advantage as a whole body examination, especially for staging and detecting micro metastases, though it requires a high expense.

[Study on influence of acupunctural signal on energy metabolism of human brain by positron emission tomography].

OBJECTIVE: To study the biologic process of energy metabolism in brain during acupuncture using positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-2-desoxyglucose (18FDG) for further elucidation of the relationship between acupunctural signal and nerve system. METHODS: Electroacupuncture (EA) was applied on right lateral of a healthy volunteer and paralytic limbs of 4 patients with cerebral infarction at acupoints L14, LI11, ST36 and SP6 using Hans acupoint-nerve stimulator. PET imaging was conducted on the healthy subject or patients with the same posture before and during EA with GE Advance II PET system. RESULTS: PET showed that in the healthy subject, before EA, the glucose metabolism (GM) in bilateral cerebral cortex, bilateral thalamus, basal nuclei and cerebellum was almost symmetrical, but during EA, the GM in contralateral thalamus, contralateral frontal lobe and parietal lobe (motor and sensory area) increased obviously. While in the patients before EA, the GM in the infarcted area was significantly lower than that in the non-infarcted area, as compared with that observed with CT and MRI, it showed a similar figure but with bigger abnormal area. During EA, GM in the infarcted area increased with apparent reduction of size. Increased GM of focal area, widened cerebral cortex and decreased edematous area were shown in patients with larger infarction area. Quantitative analysis revealed evident change in local/total ratio of glucose and increase of GM change rate. CONCLUSION: (1) EA on limb acupoints of healthy subject could induce obvious increase of regional GM in brain and contralateral thalamus, contralateral frontal lobe and parietal lobe (motor and sensory area). (2) EA on acupoints of paralytic limbs could cause increase of GM in contralateral thalamus, contralateral frontal lobe and parietal lobe. Besides, GM also increased in the area with lowered GM before EA, accompanied with shrinkage or disappearance of lesion. (3) Acupuncture could evoke the function of brain cells and raise the GM in them.