RESUMO
In addition to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) the more recently discovered ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) can also oxidize ammonia, but little is known about AOA community structure and abundance in subtropical forest soils. In this study, both AOA and AOB were investigated with molecular techniques in eight types of forests at surface soils (0-2 cm) and deep layers (18-20 cm) in Nanling National Nature Reserve in subtropical China. The results showed that the forest soils, all acidic (pH 4.24-5.10), harbored a wide range of AOA phylotypes, including the genera Nitrosotalea, Nitrososphaera, and another 6 clusters, one of which was reported for the first time. For AOB, only members of Nitrosospira were retrieved. Moreover, the abundance of the ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) from AOA dominated over AOB in most soil samples (13/16). Soil depth, rather than forest type, was an important factor shaping the community structure of AOA and AOB. The distribution patterns of AOA and AOB in soil layers were reversed: AOA diversity and abundances in the deep layers were higher than those in the surface layers; on the contrary, AOB diversity and abundances in the deep layers were lower than those in the surface layers. Interestingly, the diversity of AOA was positively correlated with pH, but negatively correlated with organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and the abundance of AOA was negatively correlated with available phosphorus. Our results demonstrated that AOA and AOB were differentially distributed in acidic soils in subtropical forests and affected differently by soil characteristics.
Assuntos
Amônia/metabolismo , Archaea/isolamento & purificação , Archaea/metabolismo , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/metabolismo , Microbiologia do Solo , Archaea/classificação , Archaea/genética , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , China , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Oxirredução , Filogenia , Solo/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The current study explored the expression of KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 and its significance in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). METHODS: The expression levels of KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 in 100 LSCC tissue specimens, as well as in 30 para-LSCC non-carcinomatous tissue specimens randomly taken from the patients, were assessed using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and immunohistochemistry and correlations with pathological parameters of LSCC and their influence on survival function were analyzed. RESULTS: KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 showed basically consistent changes in both mRNA and protein expression. Their expression in the 30 LSCC specimens was significantly lower compared with that in the corresponding non-carcinous tissues (P < 0.01 or 0.05), notably correlating with TNM stage, differentiation degree, clinical stage, and lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.01 or 0.05), but not gender, age, and LSCC growth sites (P > 0.05). The median survival of patients with positive KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 protein expression was longer than that of patients with negative protein expression (P < 0.01 or 0.05). KAI1/CD82 protein expression negatively correlated with MRP1/CD9 protein expression in LSCC (χ(2) = 31.25, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 may jointly participate in the development of LSCC. They may serve as the markers for judging the infiltration, metastasis, and prognosis of LSCC.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidade , Proteína Kangai-1/metabolismo , Neoplasias Laríngeas/mortalidade , Proteínas Associadas à Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos/metabolismo , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/mortalidade , Tetraspanina 29/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundário , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Proteína Kangai-1/genética , Neoplasias Laríngeas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Laríngeas/patologia , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Associadas à Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos/genética , Invasividade Neoplásica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/metabolismo , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Taxa de Sobrevida , Tetraspanina 29/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To confirm the expression and distribution of Fas and Fas-L in the nasal polyps and to illustrate the role of the Fas/Fas-L system in the pathogenesis of human nasal polyps. METHODS: Investigating the transcripts of the Fas/Fas-L gene in 30 human nasal polyp tissues and 30 nasal turbinate mucosa specimens using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Localization of Fas/Fas-L was performed with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The transcripts of the Fas/Fas-L gene were detected at similar levels in both polyps and nasal mucosa. There was a significant overexpression of Fas-L protein on nasal polyps (epithelium: 25 +/- 21, glands: 19 +/- 14) compared to nasal mucosa (epithelium: 14 +/- 13, glands: 12 +/- 10), (t = 1.66, P < 0.01), while Fas was overexpressed on nasal mucosa (epithelium: 17 +/- 11, glands: 17 +/- 13) compared to nasal polyps (epithelium: 13 +/- 10, glands: 11 +/- 9), (t = 1.98, P < 0.01). Fas-L positive cells were localized on the epithelial layers of cystically dilated glands and the down-growing epithelium of nasal polyps. Fas positive cells were localized on the cilia of the epithelial of nasal mucosa and mainly on the infiltrative cells. CONCLUSION: Fas/Fas-L may play an important role on the pathogenesis of human nasal polyps, including cystic degeneration of submucosal glands, apoptosis and conferring of immune privilege to nasal polyp formation.
