Identification of ALDOB as a novel prognostic biomarker in kidney clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Kidney clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KIRC) is also the most lethal subtype among all kidney cancer subtypes, posing a severe threat to public health. Therefore, it is crucial to identify new, reliable biomarkers in KIRC. Therefore, it is crucial to identify novel, reliable biomarkers associated with KIRC. We analyzed RNA sequence results from TCGA and several GEO datasets. The commonly deregulated gene, ALDOB, was found in multiple data and confirmed its important prognostic value. Subsequently, we explored the specific mechanism by which ALDOB regulates anti-tumor immunity through in vivo and in vitro experiments. We found that ALDOB may play a role in regulating tumor growth by regulating CD8+ T cell infiltration. This is consistent with the results of our immune infiltration-related analysis. In addition, we have also discovered the effect of ALDOB in previous studies on other cancer types. Finally, we concluded that ALDOB may have potential reference value for immunotherapy and can also be used as an independent predictor of prognosis in KIRC.

Effect of volatile organic compounds from bacteria on nematodes.

The five studied bacterial strains could produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that kill nematodes. Based on their 16S rRNA sequences, these strains were identified as Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum, Wautersiella falsenii, Proteus hauseri, Arthrobacter nicotianae, and Achromobacter xylosoxidans. The bacterial VOCs were extracted using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and subsequently identified by GC/MS analysis. The VOCs covered a wide range of aldehydes, ketones, alkyls, alcohols, alkenes, esters, alkynes, acids, ethers, as well as heterocyclic and phenolic compounds. Among the 53 VOCs identified, 19 candidates, produced by different bacteria, were selected to test their nematicidal activity (NA) against Caenorhabditis elegans and Meloidogyne incognita. The seven compounds with the highest NAs were acetophenone, S-methyl thiobutyrate, dimethyl disulfide, ethyl 3,3-dimethylacrylate, nonan-2-one, 1-methoxy-4-methylbenzene, and butyl isovalerate. Among them, S-methyl thiobutyrate showed a stronger NA than the commercial insecticide dimethyl disulfide. It was reported for the first time here that the five bacterial strains as well as S-methyl thiobutyrate, ethyl 3,3-dimethylacrylate, 1-methoxy-4-methylbenzene, and butyl isovalerate possess NA. These strains and compounds might provide new insights in the search for novel nematicides.

Bacteria can mobilize nematode-trapping fungi to kill nematodes.

In their natural habitat, bacteria are consumed by bacterivorous nematodes; however, they are not simply passive preys. Here we report a defensive mechanism used by certain bacteria to mobilize nematode-trapping fungi to kill nematodes. These bacteria release urea, which triggers a lifestyle switch in the fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora from saprophytic to nematode-predatory form; this predacious form is characterized by formation of specialized cellular structures or 'traps'. The bacteria significantly promote the elimination of nematodes by A. oligospora. Disruption of genes involved in urea transport and metabolism in A. oligospora abolishes the urea-induced trap formation. Furthermore, the urea metabolite ammonia functions as a signal molecule in the fungus to initiate the lifestyle switch to form trap structures. Our findings highlight the importance of multiple predator-prey interactions in prey defense mechanisms.