'I thought we would be cherished and safe here': understanding the multi-faceted nature of mental health among Arab immigrants/refugees in Ontario, Canada- the CAN-HEAL study.

PURPOSE: Mental health (MH) is a critical public health issue. Arab immigrants/refugees (AIR) may be at high risk for MH problems owing to various unique stressors, such as post-September/11 demonization. Despite the growing AIR population in Western countries, there is a lack of AIR-MH research in these nations. The CAN-HEAL study examined MH experiences and needs among AIR in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: This study employed a cooperative community-based participatory research and integrated knowledge translation approach. The study used photovoice, qualitative interviews and a questionnaire survey. Sixty socio-demographically diverse AIR adults partook in this study. The research was informed by the "social determinants of health" framework and the "years since immigration effect" (YSIE) theory. RESULTS: The term "mental health" was deemed offensive for participants aged > 30 years. Participants proposed other culturally-appropriate words including "well-being" and "emotional state". The prevalence of poor mental well-being in the sample was alarming (55%). Of first-generation immigrant participants, 86.8% reported negative changes in MH since migration. The negative changes are not straightforward; they are complex and dynamic, and mainly related to micro/macro-aggression, cross-cultural pressures, dissatisfaction with the health and social care system, and poor living conditions. Intersections between different socio-demographic factors (e.g., gender, length of residency, income, parenthood, religion) amplified the negative changes in MH and exacerbated inequities. CONCLUSIONS: MH needs among AIR are distinct and intersectionality aggravated inequities. Culturally and structurally competent healthcare and structural/policy reformation are required to tackle MH inequities. This can be fulfilled through intersectoral cooperation and including AIR in decision-making.

Flavor Characterization of Native Xinjiang Flat Peaches Based on Constructing Aroma Fingerprinting and Stoichiometry Analysis.

The flat peach is a high economic value table fruit possessing excellent quality and a unique aroma. This article investigated the quality characteristics and aroma fingerprinting of flat peaches (Qingpan, QP; Ruipan 2, R2; Ruipan 4, R4; Wanpan, WP) from Xinjiang in terms of taste, antioxidant capacity, and volatile aroma compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HS-SPME-GC-MS. The results showed that the flat peaches had a good taste and high antioxidant capacity, mainly due to the high sugar-low acid property and high levels of phenolic compounds. This study found that sucrose (63.86~73.86%) was the main sugar, and malic acid (5.93~14.96%) and quinic acid (5.25~15.01%) were the main organic acids. Furthermore, chlorogenic acid (main phenolic compound), epicatechin, rutin, catechin, proanthocyanidin B1, and neochlorogenic acid were positively related to the antioxidant activity of flat peaches. All flat peaches had similar aroma characteristics and were rich in aromatic content. Aldehydes (especially benzaldehyde and 2-hexenal) and esters were the main volatile compounds. The aroma fingerprinting of flat peaches consisted of hexanal, 2-hexenal, nonanal, decanal, benzaldehyde, 2,4-decadienal, dihydro-ß-ionone, 6-pentylpyran-2-one, 2-hexenyl acetate, ethyl caprylate, γ-decalactone, and theaspirane, with a "peach-like", "fruit", and "coconut-like" aroma. Among them, 2,4-decadienal, 2-hexenyl acetate, and theaspirane were the characteristic aroma compounds of flat peaches. The results provide a theoretical basis for the industrial application of the special aroma of flat peaches.

Physicochemical Characteristics, Antioxidant Activities, and Aroma Compound Analysis of Seven Peach Cultivars (Prunus persica L. Batsch) in Shihezi, Xinjiang.

Peaches are tasty and juicy, with a unique flavor. The flavors of peaches always vary with cultivars. To investigate the physicochemical and aroma characteristics of peaches, the sugars, organic acids, total flavonoids, phenols, antioxidant activities, and aroma compounds of seven peach cultivars in Xinjiang were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The results showed that sucrose (59.83 to 87.34%), malic acid (32.41 to 59.14%), and chlorogenic acid (10.43 to 45.50%) were the dominant sugar, organic acid, and phenolic compound in peaches, respectively. The antioxidant activity varied between 147.81 and 394.55 µmol TEs/100 g. The analysis of the aroma structure of peaches found that the volatile composition of peaches was relatively consistent, though the concentration of total aroma and certain separate compounds were different between cultivars. Meanwhile, the aroma fingerprint of the peaches consisted of hexyl acetate, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, γ-decalactone, n-hexanal, 2-hexenal, nonanal, decanal benzaldehyde and 6-pentylpyran-2-one, providing a clear green, sweet, floral, and fruity odor. These results provide complete information on the physicochemical properties, functional ingredients and aroma of the peaches.

An electrochemical dual-signaling aptasensor for the ultrasensitive detection of insulin.

Insulin plays a central role in physiological glycolmetabolism and is associated with diabetes and related diseases. In this work, a dual-signaling electrochemical aptasensor for insulin detection with high sensitivity and specificity has been reported. Methylene blue (MB)-modified insulin-binding aptamer (IBA) as "signal-off" probe, and (DNA2)/Ferrocene (Fc) co-modified gold nanoparticles (DNA2Fc@GNPs) as the "signal-on" probe were integrated with linker mDNA to fabricate the DNA2Fc@GNPs/mDNA/MB-IBA modified Au electrode as the sensing interface, and the current responses of MB and Fc were used as signal indicators. As expected, the incubation of insulin with DNA2Fc@GNPs/mDNA/MB-IBA/Au electrode resulted in the current responses of MB and Fc decreased and increased, respectively. Based on this strategy, the detection of insulin was successfully achieved, and a linear range from 10 pM to 10 nM with the detectable lowest concentration of 0.1 pM was obtained. By measuring the insulin concentrations in serum samples, this proposed aptasensor has been proven to be of high specificity and accuracy. Moreover, the dual-signaling is useful for the more accurate and reproducible detection through their self-referencing capability. This aptasensor possesses such advantages as simplicity, rapid responses, high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, which is significant for improving the diagnosis of insulin-related diseases.

Esthetic outcome and alterations of soft tissue around single implant crowns: a 2-year prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the esthetic outcome and alterations of peri-implant soft tissue using tissue-level implants. Furthermore, the influencing factors, including grafting and gingival biotype, of esthetic outcome of peri-implant soft tissue were also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 38 patients with single missing anterior tooth in maxilla were treated with a Straumann (®) Standard Plus SLA implant. Bone augmentation was performed in 24 patients. Follow-up was conducted at 12 and 24 months after definitive crowns placement. Esthetic outcome using the pink esthetic score/white esthetic score (PES/WES) and clinical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean PES/WES value at baseline, 1-year, and 2-year examination was 13.79, 14.87, and 14.96. Significant improvement was found between baseline and 1-year examination (P < 0.01). And the improvement between 1-year and 2-year examination was not significant (P = 0.40). The mean PES changing value in patients with thick biotype was significantly higher than those with thin biotype at 2-year after definitive crowns placement (P = 0.03). Graft procedure had an unfavorable effect on mean PES value both at baseline and at follow-up (P < 0.01). No implants were lost at 2-year examination. Three patients experienced peri-implant infection. No significant difference was found with the passage of time in modified plaque index (mPI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and modified bleeding index (mBI). CONCLUSION: According to the present prospective clinical study, it can be concluded that it is feasible to use tissue-level implant to support single crowns in esthetic area. Favorable short-term esthetic outcome and stability of soft tissue around single implant crowns can be expected in patients with or without graft. However, graft procedures might have an unfavorable effect on the esthetic outcome. Gingival biotype can be considered as prognostic factor for esthetic outcome. RCTs with long-term follow-up are needed to provide evidence for the long-term stability of peri-implant soft tissue using tissue-level implant systems.

[Osteotome sinus floor elevation without bone grafting: a 2-year prospective clinical study].

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteotome sinus floor elevation procedure with Straumann implants without bone grafting through observing the implant survival rate and the change of bone around the implant, and explored new bone formation and stability when the implants protruding in the sinus less than 3mm. METHODS: 23 patients with single upper maxillary molar lost were included in this study. The mean residual bone height (RBH) under the maxillary sinus was 5-8 mm and the distance of the implants protruding into the sinus was less than 3mm without bone grafting. A healing period of 3-4 months was allowed before abutment tightening at 35 N x cm. All the patients were followed up for 2 years to evaluate the implant survival rate. X-ray measurements (immediately after implant placement, after 3,6,12,24 months postoperatively) were performed to calculate the length of the implant protruding into the sinus and if the new bone formed near it. RESULTS: At the end of 2-year, the implant survival rate was 100% and the implants resisted the applied 35 N.cm torque and supported the definitive prosthesis well. The mesial and the distal sides of the implants protruding into the sinus had new bone formation. No hard tissue could be seen around the apical implant 3 months after inserting and the boundary between the new bone and the original sinus floor could not be seen 2 years after surgery. CONCLUSION: Elevation of the sinus membrane alone without addition of bone grafting could have the similar effect to the OSFE with bone grafting.

[Comparison of acellular dermal matrix graft and palatal connective tissue graft in the augmentation of labial tissue around implants].

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of palatal connective tissue graft and acellular dermal matrix (ADM) transplantation to improve the labial contour of implants. METHODS: 22 patients with single missing tooth and buccal soft tissue defects in the anterior maxilla underwent dental implant therapy. Simultaneously, 12 patients received palatal connective tissue transplantation, while 10 patients received ADM graft and all sites were studied for 12 months. The horizontal width of the alveolar crest were evaluated before surgery and 2 weeks, 3, 6, 12 months after surgery through cast study,statistical evaluation was completed with Student's t test using SAS6.12 software package to determine whether significant differences existed at the 95% significance level. RESULTS: The survival rate for both groups during the 12- month follow-up was 100%. The horizontal widths of alveolar crest of both groups at the follow-up 2 weeks and 3, 6, 12 months were significantly higher than the preoperative values (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in horizontal width increase of alveolar crest at all time points postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Palatal submucosal connective tissue graft and acellular dermal matrix subperiosteal transplantation can equally correct the buccal soft tissue defects around the dental implants.

[Buccal soft tissue augmentation using acellular dermal matrix in implant therapy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) to improve esthetic effects of alveolar ridge in dental implantology. METHODS: Fifty patients with similar single missing tooth in the anterior maxilla were randomly divided into two groups: the ADM group was treated with dental implant therapy plus ADM transplantation; the control group was treated with dental implant therapy alone. The periodontal parameters and the changes of horizontal width of alveolar crest at implant zones were evaluated before surgery and 12 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: All operated sites healed uneventfully. Mean horizontal width of alveolar crest in ADM group increased by (3.10 +/- 0.64) mm at 12 weeks and the control group increased by (0.30 +/- 0.50) mm, The volume increase showed a significant difference groups (P < 0.05). Mean horizontal width of alveolar crest in ADM group was (11.50 +/- 1.48) mm and the contralateral alveolar crest was (11.60 +/- 1.60) mm (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ADM is a suitable material for the treatment of soft tissue deformities due to its biocompatibility and horizontal gain of soft tissue.