Associations between parenting burnout and maternal adverse childhood experiences among postnatal women.

This study aims at exploring the relationships between adverse childhood experience (ACEs) and parental burnout. A total of 583 postnatal Chinese mothers were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Maternal ACEs were measured by Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire-Revised and parental burnout was measured by Parental Burnout Assessment. Multiple linear and binary logistic regression, and latent class analysis were used to explore the association between each type and cumulative ACEs and parental burnout. We found ACEs were associated with a higher risk of parental burnout. However, the association differed in the type of ACEs. The higher levels of physical abuse (B = 0.971 ~ 0.459, all p < 0.05) and emotional neglect (B = 1.010 ~ 1.407, all p < 0.05) in childhood were correlated with more serious parental burnout. The higher levels of self-threatened (B = 0.429 ~ 0.559, all p < 0.05) and self-deprived experience (B = 0.384 ~ 0.462, all p < 0.05), higher number of ACEs type (B = 2.909 ~ 3.918, all p < 0.05) were associated with more serious parental burnout. Results were consistent after combining four dimensions of parental burnout as a whole in LCA. This study indicated that maternal ACEs were associated with parental burnout. Women with self-deprived, self-threatened and more types of ACEs should be paid special attention.

Role of Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences on Infant Neglect: A Multi-Perspective Approach.

We explored the intergenerational transmission effects of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and infant neglect from multiple perspectives. The study included a sample of postpartum mothers and infants (N = 550) from the outpatient child health care department of a tertiary hospital in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. Our investigation followed three main lines of inquiry. First, the association of overall maternal ACEs with infant neglect was estimated. Secondly, the cumulative and independent effects of maternal ACEs on infant neglect were explored using the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire-Revised (ACEQ-R) with 14 types of ACEs. Finally, the different patterns of 14 maternal ACEs were identified, and the association between the different patterns and infant neglect was explored. There were three main findings. First, infants born to mothers with ACEs experienced higher levels of neglect compared to those born to mothers without ACEs. Second, infants born to mothers with three or more subtypes of ACEs experienced the greatest levels of neglect, with maternal childhood physical neglect emerging as a particularly influential factor. Third, infants in the "median maternal ACEs" and "high maternal neglect and poor peer relationship" groups experienced more severe neglect than those in the "low maternal ACEs" group. These results suggest that early life experiences substantially shape future parenting behaviors, such as infant neglect.

Exploring the relationship between postnatal depressive symptoms and parental burnout from the perspective of the population and individual level.

BACKGROUND: Parental burnout has become increasingly common, which can lead to a range of adverse outcomes. Postnatal mothers are vulnerable and mothers with high postpartum depression scores may be more prone to parental burnout. This study aims to investigate the association between postnatal depressive symptoms and parental burnout at both the population and individual levels. METHODS: This study comprised a cross-sectional study design and participants were recruited using convenience sampling. A total of 560 postnatal mothers answered a questionnaire on their general information, postnatal depressive symptoms and parental burnout. Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression analysis were used to examine the association between postnatal depressive symptoms and parental burnout. Furthermore, latent class analysis was used to identify subtypes of parental burnout. Finally, binary logistic regression was used to examine the differences in postnatal depressive symptoms between latent classes comprising parental burnout. RESULTS: The prevalence of burnout was approximately 10%. At the population level, postnatal depressive symptoms were positively associated with parental burnout (all P < 0.05). At the individual level, two latent classes were identified (i.e., "low parental burnout class" and "high parental burnout class"). Moreover, mothers with postnatal depressive symptoms were more likely to be associated with high parental burnout (PB) class than the low parental burnout class (OR = 1.12, 95% CI:1.03 to 1.23). CONCLUSION: This study found a positive relationship between postnatal depressive symptoms and parental burnout. It provided evidence for developing depression-targeted programs for parental burnout, which could bring great benefits for both mothers and infants.

Maternal Impaired Cognition and Infant Neglect: Exploring the Independent and Combined Effects of Maternal Executive Function and Reflective Function.

Infant neglect is a common type of child maltreatment. According to the Social Information Processing theory, maternal executive function (EF) and reflective function (RF) are assumed to be important contributing factors to infant neglect. However, empirical evidence about this assumption is sparse. This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 1010 eligible women participated. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version, Parental Reflective Function Questionnaire, and Signs of Neglect in Infants Assessment Scale (SIGN) were used to assess maternal EF, RF, and infant neglect, respectively. Random forest was used to assess the relevant importance of maternal EF and RF. K-means clustering was used to identify the profiles of maternal EF and RF. Multivariable linear regression and generalized additive models were used to examine the independent and combined effects of maternal EF and RF on infant neglect. Each dimension of EF was linearly related to infant neglect. The associations between each dimension of RF and infant neglect were nonlinear. The inflection point for each dimension of RF was indicated. Random forest showed EF was more closely related to infant neglect. EF and RF had accumulative effects on infant neglect. Three profiles were identified. Among them, those with globally impaired EF had the highest level of infant neglect compared with those who had normal cognition or only impaired RF. Maternal EF and RF had independent and combined effects on infant neglect. Interventions with maternal EF and RF as targets are promising for reducing infant neglect.

[Levels of T-Lymphocyte Subsets, IL-17, IL-35 and IFN-γ in Peripheral Blood and Their Clinical Significance in Patients with Multiple Myeloma].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the levels of T-lymphocyte subsets and IL-17, IL-35, IFN-γ in peripheral blood of patients with multiple myeloma(MM) and their clinical significance. METHODS: A total of 86 MM patients in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2017 were enrolled in MM group and 30 healthy persons were enrolled in control group, the CD4+/CD8+ T cells ratio, CD4+CD25high/+ CD127low/- Treg level in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometer. The levels of IL-17, IL-35 and IFN-γ in peripheral serum were detected by ELISA, and the differences of detected indicators between different groups were compared. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the proportion of CD4+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ T cells ratio decreased, the proportion of CD8+ T cells and Treg increased in MM group. The differences of T lymphocyte subsets level between group III stage of MM and control group were statistically significant (P<0.05). With enhancing of clinical stages, Treg level showed a increasing trend, especially in III stage (P<0.05), the serum level of IL-17 as followed in turn: III stage>II stage>I stage>control, the serum level of IL-35 and IFN-γ as followed in turn: control>I stage>II stage>III stage (P<0.05). In terms of disease status, the propurtion of Treg cells as fllowed in turn: disease progression stage>stable stage>control (P<0.05), the serum level of IL-17 as followed in turn also: disease progression stage>stable stage (P<0.05), while the serum level of IL-35 and IFN-γ as followed in turn: control>disease table stage>progression stage (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The abnomal level of T-lymphocyte subsets, Treg, IL-17, IL-35 and IFN-γ are related with progression and prognosis of MM patients.