Effects of ADSC-Derived Exosome LRRC75A-AS1 on Anti-inflammatory Function After SCI.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly debilitating disorder of the central nervous system that can severely impact an affected patient's quality of life. This study aimed to examine how adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (ADSC-exos) can be used to treat spinal cord injury. We analysed differentially expressed mRNAs in SCI using bioinformatics data, gene expression profiles in inflammatory cell models, RT-qPCR and WB. Apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry. Starbase provides the control mechanism for FDFT1. Target interactions were detected with dual-luciferase reporter and RIP assays. Exosomes were isolated from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and subsequently characterized with western blot analysis, transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. By analysing the GSE102964 database, we found that FDFT1 was significantly downregulated as SCI progressed. Overexpression of FDFT1 can significantly reverse the inflammatory response and apoptosis of BV2 cells induced by hemin. Mechanically, ADSC-exos can affect the expression of FDFT1 through the ceRNA mechanism mediated by LRRC75A-AS1 and in an RBP-dependent manner mediated by IGF2BP2. The overexpression of LRRC75A-AS1 significantly enhances BV2 apoptosis and can be reversed by FDFT1 knockdown. ADSC-exos LRRC75A-AS1 inhibits inflammation and reduces SCI by increasing the expression and stability of FDFT1 mRNA in a ceRNA and RBP-dependent manner.

Comparison of Anterior Controllable Antedisplacement and Fusion Versus Laminoplasty in the Treatment of Multisegment Ossification of Cervical Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing literature and conduct a systematic evaluation of the clinical outcomes associated with anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF) and posterior laminoplasty (LP) for the treatment of multisegment ossification of the cervical posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). METHODS: We conducted an electronic search of databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CNKI, from the inception of the initial database to March 2023. We analyzed various parameters, including demographic data, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, cervical curvature, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, and postoperative complications. Two independent reviewers screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS: Our evaluation encompassed 7 studies involving a total of 467 patients. The patient cohort was divided into 2 groups: Group A (ACAF) comprised 226 patients, while Group B (LP) comprised 241 patients. Overall, our statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the 2 groups (P < 0.05) in terms of intraoperative blood loss, operative time, JOA score, JOA score improvement rate, postoperative VAS score, postoperative cervical curvature, and the incidence of certain postoperative complications (C5 nerve root paralysis, dysphagia, and axial symptoms). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and postoperative total complications between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that, in the treatment of multilevel cervical OPLL, ACAF yields superior outcomes compared to LP. Specifically, ACAF improves postoperative neurologic function, reduces postoperative pain, lowers intraoperative blood loss, improves postoperative cervical curvature, and decreases the incidence of C5 nerve root paralysis and postoperative axial symptoms. Nonetheless, ACAF is associated with longer operative times and a higher incidence of postoperative dysphagia, though the overall incidence of postoperative complications is similar. It is important to note that these conclusions should be interpreted cautiously due to the limited sample size and the variable quality of the included studies. Further research involving larger, high-quality studies is warranted to validate these findings.

Thermally Reconfigurable Hologram Fabricated by Spatially Modulated Femtosecond Pulses on a Heat-Shrinkable Shape Memory Polymer for Holographic Multiplexing.

Optical security involving the use of light to achieve distinctive vision effects has become a widely used approach for anticounterfeiting. Holographic multiplexing has attracted considerable interest in multiplexing security due to its high degree of freedom for manipulating the optical parameters of incident laser beams. However, the complex and time-consuming fabrication process of metasurface-based holograms and the sophisticated nature of holographic imaging systems have hindered the practical application of holographic multiplexing in anticounterfeiting. Combining holography with shape memory polymers to construct reconfigurable holograms provides a simple and efficient way for holographic multiplexing. This paper proposes a reconfigurable four-level amplitude hologram fabricated on a heat-shrinkable shape memory polymer using spatially modulated femtosecond laser pulses. Simply by triggering the shape recovery of the polymer through heating, the amplitude modulation of light by the hologram is reconfigured through the shrinking of processed microcrater pixels with three diameters, which enables variation to be achieved in reconstructed holographic images. Examples of holographic multiplexing and data encryption are used to validate the proposed method. The proposed economic and simple approach for holographic multiplexing provides an integrated and single-material solution to packaging and optical security, which has extensive potential in anticounterfeiting and optical encryption.

Liquid crystal integrated metadevice for reconfigurable hologram displays and optical encryption.

The ultimate goal of metasurface research in recent years is to apply metasurface to reality applications and improve the performance compared to its counterpart, namely conventional optical elements with the same function. Inspired by the application of electrically addressing spatial light modulator (EA-SLM) and based on the binary holographic algorithm, here we propose a reconfigurable metadevice integrated with the nematic liquid crystal (NLC). The smart metadevice directly uses the subwavelength antennas as the main contributor to the phase accumulation instead of the NLC layer. By applying different electrical modulation patterns on the NLC, the metadevice can realize the function of dynamic holographic display as traditional SLMs but features in smaller size, higher resolution and lager field of view. In addition, we improved the existing computer-generated hologram algorithm to generate three holograms with quantitative correlation and also propose a new optical encryption method based on our metadevice. The encryption method needs four elements in total to decrypt and can fully meets the requirements of the various encrypted content. We believe such metadevice paves the way for the new generation of micro-optical display and optical encryption devices.

High Levels of HIST1H2BK in Low-Grade Glioma Predicts Poor Prognosis: A Study Using CGGA and TCGA Data.

A number of biomarkers have been identified for various cancers. However, biomarkers associated with glioma remain largely to be explored. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between the expression and prognostic value of the HIST1H2BK gene in glioma. Sequential data filtering (survival analysis, independent prognostic analysis, ROC curve analysis, and clinical correlation analysis) was performed, which resulted in identification of the association between the HIST1H2BK gene and glioma. Then, the HIST1H2BK gene was analyzed using bioinformatics (Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, univariate Cox analysis, multivariate Cox analysis, and ROC curve analysis). The results showed that low expression of HIST1H2BK was associated with better prognosis, and high expression of HIST1H2BK was associated with poor prognosis. In addition, HIST1H2BK was an independent prognostic indicator for patients with glioma. We also evaluated the association between HIST1H2BK and clinical characteristics. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and analysis of immune infiltration were performed. The results showed that HIST1H2BK was associated with intensity of immune infiltration in glioma. Finally, co-expression analysis was performed. The results showed that HIST1H2BK was positively correlated with HIST1H2AG, HIST2H2AA4, HIST1H2BJ, HIST2H2BE, and HIST1H2AC, and negatively correlated with PDZD4, CRY2, GABBR1, rp5-1119a7.17, and KCNJ11. This study showed that upregulation of HIST1H2BK in low-grade glioma (LGG) tissue was an indicator of poor prognosis. Moreover, this study demonstrated that HIST1H2BK may be a promising biomarker for the treatment of LGG.

Impacts of estuarine dissolved organic matter and suspended particles from fish farming on the biogeochemical cycling of mercury in Zhoushan island, eastern China Sea.

Changes in the biogeochemical cycling of mercury (Hg) and Hg species were investigated in a typical marine aquaculture area located at Zhoushan island, Zhejiang province, east China. Mercury species were analyzed in different environmental samples collected during a field survey and a simulation batch experiment. The field work comprised both summer and winter collection of water and sediment samples from marine aquaculture sites (MAS) in a field survey and from corresponding reference sites (CRS) located 2500 m from the MAS. THg concentrations in water were 91.3 ± 70.3 and 115 ± 22.6 pmol L-1 in summer and winter, respectively. Particulate Hg accounting for ˃60% of THg and positively correlated with total suspended solid content in water. Dissolved organic carbon in water was positively correlated with dissolved Hg. Significantly higher (p < 0.001, F = 102) total methylmercury (TMeHg) contents were observed in MAS (0.31 ± 0.26 ng g-1) than in CRS (0.06 ± 0.03 ng g-1) in the sediment solid phase. Moreover, MeHg formation rate in MAS was clearly higher than in CRS in the simulation experiment. Both the field survey and the simulation experiment highlighted the readier formation of MeHg in MAS than in CRS. TMeHg levels in blackhead seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii), red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) and perch (Perca fluviatilis) were only 52.7 ± 5.74, 23.7 ± 2.51 and 24.3 ± 3.86 ng g-1, values significantly lower than the safety guideline (1000 ng g-1) established by the World Health Organization.

Surgical treatment of spontaneous brainstem hemorrhage: A case report.

RATIONALE: The improvement of microneurosurgery and neuroimaging, as well as neuronavigation and neurophysiological monitoring, enables neurosurgeons to safely and accurately resect lesions on the brainstem. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 54-year-old man, with 2-year history of hypertension, presented with sudden loss of consciousness for 1.5 hours. DIAGNOSES: Spontaneous brainstem hemorrhage. INTERVENTIONS: We performed posterior fossa decompression together with hematoma evacuation in the super early stage for the patient. OUTCOMES: The patient regained normal spontaneous breathing function after surgery. And he needed help for daily activities with hemiplegia of right limb at three-month follow-up. LESSONS: The hematoma evacuation together with posterior fossa decompression in the super early stage maybe a good treatment for patients in a deep coma with a large hematoma at the dorsal side.

The role of sewage sludge biochar in methylmercury formation and accumulation in rice.

Methylmercury (MeHg) can accumulate in rice and this has been demonstrated to be an important human MeHg exposure pathway. How to reduce MeHg concentrations in rice grains has therefore become a very important public health issue. Previous studies have investigated the role of plant biochars on Hg bioavailability in soils but knowledge of the influence of sewage sludge biochars (SSB) on MeHg formation and bioaccumulation in different soils is lacking. In the present study, SSB was applied to two Hg-contaminated soils, one acid and the other calcareous, in an attempt to stabilize MeHg in the soil and further mitigate MeHg accumulation in rice grains. The results indicate that the presence of SSB may promote Hg methylation in an acid soil. Moreover, MeHg concentrations increased gradually during rice growth, perhaps due to the release of root exudates. SSB can inhibit both MeHg and total Hg (THg) accumulation in different rice tissues. Both MeHg and THg decreased in the rice grains by up to 73.4 and 81.9%, respectively. However, the inhibitory effect was less pronounced in a calcareous soil. This study further demonstrates that biochar application can inhibit MeHg accumulation in soils despite the promotion of MeHg formation in soil by SSB application. However, an effect of biochar on MeHg accumulation was observed only in the acid soil. These results are useful in managing applications of biochars to Hg-contaminated paddy fields.

Early goal-directed and lactate-guided therapy in adult patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: The ProCESS, ARISE, and ProMISe trials have failed to show that early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) reduces mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Although lactate-guided therapy (LGT) has been shown to result in significantly lower mortality, its use remains controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate EGDT vs. LGT or usual care (UC) in adult patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. METHODS: Relevant randomized controlled trials published from January 1, 2001 to March 30, 2017 were identified in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The primary outcome was mortality; secondary outcomes included red cell transfusions, dobutamine use, vasopressor infusion, and mechanical ventilation support within the first 6 h and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score. RESULTS: Sixteen studies enrolling 5968 patients with 2956 in EGDT, 2547 in UC, and 465 in LGT were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with UC, EGDT was associated with a lower mortality (10 trials; RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74-0.97, P = 0.01), and this difference was more pronounced in the subgroup of UC patients with mortality > 30%. In addition, EGDT patients received more red cell transfusions, dobutamine, and vasopressor infusions within the first 6 h. Compared with LGT, EGDT was associated with higher mortality (6 trials; RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.19-1.70, P = 0.0001) with no heterogeneity (P = 0.727, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION: EGDT seems to reduce mortality in adult patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, and the benefit may primarily be attributed to red cell transfusions, dobutamine administration, and vasopressor infusions within the first 6 h. However, LGT may result in a greater mortality benefit than EGDT.