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OBJECTIVE: To access the efficacy and safety of the double-ProGlide technique for the femoral vein access-site closure in cryoballoon ablation with uninterrupted oral anticoagulants (OAC), and its impact on the electrophysiology laboratory time as well as hospital stay after the procedure in this observational study. METHODS: Patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cryoballoon ablation with uninterrupted OAC at Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China from May 2019 to May 2021 were enrolled in this study. From October 2020, double-ProGlide technique was consistently used for hemostasis (ProGlide group), and before that conventional manual compression was utilized (manual compression group). The occurrence of vascular and groin complications was accessed during the hospital stay and until the three-month follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 140 participants (69.30% of male, mean age: 59.21 ± 10.29 years) were evaluated, 70 participants being in each group. Immediate hemostasis was achieved in all the patients with ProGlide closure. No major vascular complications were found in the ProGlide group while two major vascular complications were occurred in the manual compression group. The incidence of any groin complication was obviously higher in subjects with manual compression than patients with ProGlide devices (15.71% vs. 2.86%, P = 0.009). In addition, compared with the manual compression group, the ProGlide group was associated with significantly shorter total time in the electrophysiology laboratory [112.0 (93.3-128.8) min vs. 123.5 (107.3-158.3) min, P = 0.006], time from sheath removal until venous site hemostasis [3.8 (3.4-4.2) min vs. 8.0 (7.6-8.5) min, P < 0.001], bed rest time [8.0 (7.6-8.0) h vs. 14.1 (12.0-17.6) h, P < 0.001] and hospital stay after the procedure [13.8 (12.5-17.8) h vs. 38.0 (21.5-41.0) h, P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of the double-ProGlide technique for hemostasis after cryoballoon ablation with uninterrupted OAC is feasible and safe, which has the clinical benefit in reducing the total electrophysiology laboratory time and the hospital stay length after the procedure.
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A VO2(B) ultrathin vertical nanosheet array was prepared by the hydrothermal method. The influence of the concentration of oxalic acid on the crystal structure and room-temperature NO2 sensing performance was studied. The morphology and crystal structure of the nanosheets were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Room-temperature gas sensing measurements of this structure to NO2 with a concentration span from 0.5 to 5 ppm were carried out. The experimental results showed that the thickness of the vertical VO2(B) nanosheet was lower than 20 nm and close to the 2 times Debye length of VO2(B). The response of the sensor based on this structure to 5 ppm NO2 was up to 2.03, and the detection limit was 20 ppb. Its high response performance was due to the fact that the target gas could completely control the entire conductive path by forming depletion layers on the surface of VO2(B) nanosheets. Density functional theory was used to analyze the adsorption of NO2 on the VO2(B) surface. It is found that the band gap of VO2(B) becomes narrower and the Fermi level moves to the valence band after NO2 adsorption, and the density of states near the Fermi level increases significantly. This ultrathin vertical nanosheet array structure can make VO2(B) detect NO2 with high sensitivity at room temperature and therefore has potential applications in the field of low-power-consumption gas sensors.
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BACKGROUND: The marginal division, a new sub-region in rat brain striatum discovered in recent decades, has been found to closely relate to learning and memory function of the brain. The immediate-early genes such as c-fos and c-jun participate in the signal transduction of learning and memory in the marginal division. But what other intermediate events are initiated in the marginal division in the process of learning and memory?Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREBP) is an molecule essential for the formation of long-term memory,and investigation of the expression and distribution of phosphorylated CREBP in the striatum may help understand the signal transduction mechanism in the striatum during learning and memory at the molecular level.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of phosphorylated CREBP in rat brain stratum during learning and memory process.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled study.SETTING: Institute of Neurosciences, Zhujiang Hospital of the First Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This experiment was conducted in the Institute of Neurosciences, Zhujiang Hospital of the First Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between April and August 2003. Totally 48 normal male adult SD rats were provided from the Experimental Animal Center of First Military Medical University, and after two Y-maze tests, 40 rats were selected for this study (MG-2 type, Sanshengxing electricity company).METHODS: The 40 SD rats were randomized into 4 equal groups. The rats in the first group were subjected to training to acquire dark avoidance reflex in a Y maze, those in the second group underwent sham training with only light stimulation in the Y maze without electricity on the floor.The rats in the third group were trained in the Y maze with electricity on the floor but not light stimulations, with the rest 10 rats serving as the control group subjected to sham training in the Y maze without either electric or light stimulations. After the training in the Y maze, the rats were sacrificed immunohistochemical detection of phosphorylated CREBP expression in the brain striatum.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of phosphorylated CREBPin rat brain striatum.RESULTS: All the 40 rats enrolled in this study were examined for phosphorylated CREBP expression. Positive expression of phosphorylated CREBP was observed in the medial marginal division of the brain striatum after the rats were trained in the Y maze with electric stimulation, but no obvious expression was seen in rats in the sham training or control groups.Massive expression of phosphorylated CREBP could be observed, typically,in the hippocampus, front prefrontal lobe cortex and cingulate gyrus of the rat brain.CONCLUSION: The transcriptional factor phosphorylated CREBP in the marginal division of the striatum participates in the signal transduction for learning and memory in rats receiving Y maze training to acquire dark avoidance reflex.
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BACKGROUND: Hippocampal structure in brain is the division related to learning and memory, generally it is closely relevant to spatial cognitive activity. Marginal division of striatum is a latest discovered subdivision related to learning and memory function of brain, whether is its learning and memory function different from that in hippocampus?OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference, function and importance in learning and memory function between marginal division of striatum and hippocampus in brain and observe the difference in escape learning and memory between marginal division of striatum and hippocampus.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Institute of Neuroscience in Zhujiang Hospital Affiliated to First Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Institute of Neuroscience in Zhujiang Hospital Affiliated to First Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from March 2002 to July 2003. Totally 109 normal male adult SD rats were employed and 75 rats of them were screened as the qualified animals by twice Y-maze test. Randomly, 25 rats were divided into damaged marginal division of striatum group (DMD group), 10 rats were into bilateral fimbria-fornix transection group (FFT group), 30 rats were into the control of marginal division of striatum (MD control) and 10 rats were into the control of bilateral fimbria-fornix group (FF control). After 24 hours training in Y-maze,In DMD group, 10 g/L kainic acid 0.1 to 0.2 μL was used to damage bilateral marginal division of striatum of rats. In MD control, physiological saline of minim dose was injected in bilateral marginal division of striatum of rats. In FFT group, bilateral fimbria-fornix was transectioned. In FF control, the cortical tissue of the superficial layer of bilateral fimbria-fornix was transectioned. The operation was done on the second day after the 2nd screening. The behavior of rats in learning and memory was observed in Y-maze on the 5th day after operation (during 30 times of maze test, if success frequency ≥ 15,normal capacity of learning and memory was identified.).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Success frequency of rats in different groups in Y-maze learning before and after operation.RESULTS: Of 109 normal male adult SD rats, 75 rats were screened to be qualified after twice Y-maze test. During the experiment, 3 rats were died and other 32 rats fell into disuse for the drug or physiological saline was not injected accurately to the marginal division of striatum. Terminally, 40 rats entered the analysis in total, of which, 11 rats were in DMD group, 9 rats in MD quency in Y-maze learning of rats in DMD group after operation was lower than MD control, FFT group and FF control [(9.27±4.29) times, (22.56±4.25)frequency in Y-maze learning of rats in DMD group after operation was also significantly lower than that before operation [(9.27±4.29) time, (18.27±3.07)FFT group was basically same as FF control and MD control (P=0.660 and P=0.489) and it was basically same to the success frequency in Y-maze learning before operation (P=0.700).CONCLUSION: The learning of Y-maze in rats with damaged marginal division of striatum was remarkably reduced and there was no obvious change in learning and memory between the rats with fimbria-fornix transaction and without transaction. It is verified that marginal division of striatum can reflex complex learning and memory behavior in electric Y-maze test, which cannot be achieved in hippocampus. It is further explained the difference of the two divisions in controlling learning and memory in cerebrum, the marginal division of striatum is able to control hippocampus in learning and memory function.
