The interplay between the microbiota and opioid in the treatment of neuropathic pain.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is characterized by its complex and multifactorial nature and limited responses to opioid therapy; NP is associated with risks of drug resistance, addiction, difficulty in treatment cessation, and psychological disorders. Emerging research on gut microbiota and their metabolites has demonstrated their effectiveness in alleviating NP and augmenting opioid-based pain management, concurrently mitigating the adverse effects of opioids. This review addresses the following key points: (1) the current advances in gut microbiota research and the challenges in using opioids to treat NP, (2) the reciprocal effects and benefits of gut microbiota on NP, and (3) the interaction between opioids with gut microbiota, as well as the benefits of gut microbiota in opioid-based treatment of NP. Through various intricate mechanisms, gut microbiota influences the onset and progression of NP, ultimately enhancing the efficacy of opioids in the management of NP. These insights pave the way for further pragmatic clinical research, ultimately enhancing the efficacy of opioid-based pain management.

Optical system design of a femi-class ultra-high-resolution spectrometer based on the quaternary dispersion of a middle echelon grating.

In order to meet the needs of the femi-ultra-high spectral resolution test, an optical system of the femi-ultra-high spectral resolution spectrometer in the spectral range of 190-800 nm is designed based on the quaternary dispersion of the middle echelon grating under the condition that the volume and weight of the spectrometer do not increase sharply. After the optimization design, the spectral resolution can reach 51.149 fm in the full field of view of 0.5 mm; at the wavelength of 191 nm, the spectral resolution in the whole spectral range is better than 150 fm, and the maximum distortion of the system is 0.2288%, which can provide a feasible reference for the subsequent design of the spectrometer optical system to realize the simultaneous detection of a wide band and high spectral resolution.

Fluorescent labelling combined with confocal differential Raman spectroscopy to detect microplastics in seawater.

As an emerging marine pollutant, microplastics represent a focal point in global monitoring and management efforts. With seawater accounts for 97 % of the total global water resources, scientific assessments of microplastics in seawater are crucial for pollution control and management of marine environments. This study focuses on investigating microplastics in near-shore seawater and proposes a rapid and accurate detection method using a constructed confocal Raman spectroscopy detection system. By optimizing the pretreatment process of seawater microplastic samples, the efficient removal of organic matter interference in microplastic detection is achieved. Employing fluorescent labeling addresses the issues of prolonged detection time and high false positive rates associated with traditional methods, enabling rapid differentiation between microplastics and other substances and significantly enhancing detection efficiency and accuracy. Additionally, the use of differential Raman spectroscopy effectively mitigates fluorescence signal interference, thus improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra. By employing dual-wavelength laser excitation at 784 nm/785 nm, microplastics such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) ranging in size from 60 to 500 µm are successfully detected in seawater. The results demonstrate that the proposed pretreatment method for seawater microplastics and novel detection techniques enable rapid screening and comprehensive non-destructive detection of microplastics in seawater, thereby facilitating the characterization of marine microplastics and providing scientific support for enhancing the management of microplastic pollution and ecological risk control.

Detection of microplastics based on splicing grating spatial heterodyne Raman spectroscopy.

As a new type of persistent pollutant, microplastics pose a serious threat to the earth's ecological environment and human health. Efficient and reliable microplastic detection technology is of great significance in the management of microplastic pollution. Aiming at the problems of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), narrow spectral range and low spectral resolution in traditional microplastic detection technology, a splicing grating spatial heterodyne Raman spectroscopy (SG-SHRS) is proposed in this paper. The splicing grating is composed of four sub-gratings with groove densities of 320, 298, 276 and 254 gr / mm, respectively. Each sub-grating has an independent sub-filter to improve the SNR of the system. The system is simulated, built and calibrated. The actual resolution of the SG-SHRS system is 0.7 cm-1, and the spectral detection range of a single sub-grating is 2947.2 cm-1. Four kinds of microplastics, polyamide (PA), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), were detected by the SG-SHRS system. The complete Raman spectral information of microplastics was obtained, and the peak assignment of Raman characteristic peaks of the four kinds of microplastics was analyzed. By comparing the test results with a commercial dispersion spectrometer, it has been proven that the SG-SHRS system has the advantages of high spectral resolution, wide spectral range, and high SNR, and has good application prospects in the field of microplastic detection.

The binding of PKCε and MEG2 to STAT3 regulates IL-6-mediated microglial hyperalgesia during inflammatory pain.

Studies have suggested that microglial IL-6 modulates inflammatory pain; however, the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. We therefore hypothesized that PKCε and MEG2 competitively bind to STAT3 and contribute to IL-6-mediated microglial hyperalgesia during inflammatory pain. Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to induce hyperalgesia model mice and microglial inflammation. Mechanical allodynia was evaluated using von Frey tests in vivo. The interaction among PKCε, MEG2, and STAT3 was determined using ELISA and immunoprecipitation assay in vitro. The PKCε, MEG2, t-STAT3, pSTAT3Tyr705, pSTAT3Ser727, IL-6, GLUT3, and TREM2 were assessed by Western blot. IL-6 promoter activity and IL-6 concentration were examined using dual luciferase assays and ELISA. Overexpression of PKCε and MEG2 promoted and attenuated inflammatory pain, accompanied by an increase and decrease in IL-6 expression, respectively. PKCε displayed a stronger binding ability to STAT3 when competing with MEG2. STAT3Ser727 phosphorylation increased STAT3 interaction with both PKCε and MEG2. Moreover, LPS increased PKCε, MEG2, pSTAT3Tyr705, pSTAT3Ser727, IL-6, and GLUT3 levels and decreased TREM2 during microglia inflammation. IL-6 promoter activity was enhanced or inhibited by PKCε or MEG2 in the presence of STAT3 and LPS stimulation, respectively. In microglia, overexpression of PKCε and/or MEG2 resulted in the elevation of tSTAT3, pSTAT3Tyr705, pSTAT3Ser727, IL-6, and TREM2, and the reduction of GLUT3. PKCε is more potent than MEG2 when competitively binding to STAT3, displaying dual modulatory effects of IL-6 production, thus regulating the GLUT3 and TREM2 in microglia during inflammatory pain sensation.

TT-type resonator-based differential photoacoustic spectroscopy for trace gas detection.

A novel TT-type resonator was proposed for the first time, to our knowledge, to realize differential photoacoustic (PA) detection for trace gas measurement. The special design of the TT-type resonator allows us to install the microphone at the resonant center of the acoustic field to maximize the use of the absorption-induced PA signal. To meet the requirement of low gas consumption and easy integration, the TT-type resonator-based PA cell was fabricated as a fiber-coupled module with an inner volume of only 1.1 ml. For validation, the TT-type PA cell was integrated to a photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) system for acetylene detection. As a result, a linearity of 0.99999 was achieved in a concentration range from 0 to 5000 ppm with a noise equivalent sensitivity of 101 ppb. The proposed TT-type resonator contributes a new style of PA cell structure to the field of PAS gas detection, combining the advantages of easy integration, low gas consumption, differential detection, and photoacoustic enhancement together.

ELM combined with differential Raman spectroscopy for the detection of microplastics in organisms.

Aiming at the problems of low extraction efficiency, high false detection rate, weak Raman signal and serious interference by fluorescence signal in the detection of microplastics in marine organisms, this paper establishes a set of rapid detection methods for microplastics in organisms, including confocal Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence imaging, differential Raman spectroscopy, and rapid identification of microplastics based on the ELM modeling assistance. Firstly, to address the problem of low extraction efficiency of microplastics, we explored and optimized the digestion method of tissues, which effectively improved the digestion effect of fish tissues and excluded the influence of tissues on microplastics detection. Aiming at the problems of high misdetection rate and low pre-screening efficiency of microplastics, fluorescence imaging technology is adopted to realize the visualization and detection of microplastics, which effectively improves the detection efficiency and precision of microplastics. Based on the confocal microscopy Raman spectroscopy detection system built independently in the laboratory, using 784/785 nm as the excitation light, the differential Raman spectroscopy technique effectively excludes the interference of fluorescence signals in the Raman spectra, and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the Raman spectra, and the recovery rate of the Raman characteristic peaks in the differential Raman spectroscopy reaches 100 % compared to the traditional baseline correction method, which is 33.3 % higher than that of the baseline correction method. Finally, a microplastic identification model is constructed based on ELM to assist in realizing the rapid and accurate identification of microplastics. The more complete detection method of microplastics in marine organisms proposed in this paper can realize the rapid and nondestructive, efficient and accurate detection of microplastics in fish, which can help to further promote the development of marine microplastics monitoring technology.

Dexamethasone inhibits IL-8 via glycolysis and mitochondria-related pathway to regulate inflammatory pain.

BACKGROUND: Dexamethasone (Dexa) has been recently found to exert an analgesic effect, whose action is closely related to IL-8. However, whether dexamethasone induces antinociception via glycolysis and mitochondria-related pathways is still unclear. METHODS: Right hind paw inflammatory pain in mice was induced by intraplantar injection of Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA). Von Frey test was then used to measure the paw withdrawal threshold. The detection of glycolysis and mitochondrial pathway-related proteins and IL-8 were determined by Western blot and ELISA. The potential interaction between Dexa and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP, a PKM2 activator) was examined by simulation predictions using molecular docking. RESULTS: Intrathecal administration of Dexa (20 µg/20 µL) had an obvious analgesic effect in FCA-treated mice, which was counteracted by the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG, 5 mg/20 µL) or the mitochondria-related pathway inhibitor oligomycin complex (Oligo, 5 µg/20 µL). In the glycolysis pathway, Dexa decreased GLUT3 and had no impact on HIF-1α expression during FCA-induced inflammation. Additionally, Dexa further increased the PKM2 level, accompanied by the formation of hydrogen bonds between Dexa and the PKM2 activator fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP). In the mitochondrial pathway, Dexa downregulated the expression of Mfn2 protein but not the PGC-1α and SIRT-1 levels in the spinal cord. Moreover, both 2-DG and Oligo decreased Mfn2 expression. Finally, IL-8 level was reduced by the single or combined administration of Dexa, 2-DG, and Oligo. CONCLUSION: Dexa attenuated IL-8 expression via glycolysis and mitochondrial pathway-related proteins, thus mediating the analgesic effect during inflammatory pain.

An Fgr kinase inhibitor attenuates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation via the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is characterized by diffuse brain dysfunction, long-term cognitive impairment, and increased morbidity and mortality. The current treatment for SAE is mainly symptomatic; the lack of specific treatment options and a poor understanding of the underlying mechanism of disease are responsible for poor patient outcomes. Fgr is a member of the Src family of tyrosine kinases and is involved in the innate immune response, hematologic cancer, diet-induced obesity, and hemorrhage-induced thalamic pain. This study investigated the protection provided by an Fgr kinase inhibitor in SAE and the underlying mechanism(s) of action. METHODS: A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced mouse sepsis model was established. Mice were treated with or without an Fgr inhibitor and a PGC-1α inhibitor/activator. An open field test, a novel object recognition test, and an elevated plus maze were used to assess neurobehavioral changes in the mice. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to measure protein expression, and mRNA levels were measured using quantitative PCR (qPCR). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to quantify inflammatory cytokines. Mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology were measured by JC-1, electron microscopy, and the MitoTracker Deep Red probe. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were analyzed. In addition, the regulatory effect of Fgr on sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was assessed. RESULTS: CLP-induced sepsis increased the expression of Fgr in the hippocampal neurons. Pharmacological inhibition of Fgr attenuated CLP-induced neuroinflammation, the survival rate, cognitive and emotional dysfunction, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, Fgr interacted with SIRT1 and reduced its activity and expression. In addition, activation of SIRT1/PGC-1α promoted the protective effects of the Fgr inhibitor on CLP-induced brain dysfunction, while inactivation of SIRT1/PGC-1α counteracted the benefits of the Fgr inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of Fgr kinase inhibition markedly ameliorating SAE through activation of the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, and this may be a promising therapeutic target for SAE.

Ultra-Stable Temperature Controller-Based Laser Wavelength Locking for Improvement in WMS Methane Detection.

In the wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) gas detection system, the laser diode is usually stabilized at a constant temperature and driven by current injection. So, a high-precision temperature controller is indispensable in every WMS system. To eliminate wavelength drift influence and improve detection sensitivity and response speed, laser wavelength sometimes needs to be locked at the gas absorption center. In this study, we develop a temperature controller to an ultra-high stability level of 0.0005 °C, based on which a new laser wavelength locking strategy is proposed to successfully lock the laser wavelength at a CH4 absorption center of 1653.72 nm with a fluctuation of fewer than 19.7 MHz. For 500 ppm CH4 sample detection, the 1σ SNR is increased from 71.2 dB to 80.5 dB and the peak-to-peak uncertainty is improved from 1.95 ppm down to 0.17 ppm with the help of a locked laser wavelength. In addition, the wavelength-locked WMS also has the absolute advantage of fast response over a conventional wavelength-scanned WMS system.

Deep ultraviolet high-resolution microscopic hyperspectral imager and its biological tissue detection.

Ultraviolet (UV) hyperspectral imaging technology is commonly used in the field of atmospheric remote sensing. In recent years, some in-laboratory research has been carried out for substance detection and identification. In this paper, UV hyperspectral imaging technology is introduced into microscopy to better utilize the obvious absorption characteristics of components, such as proteins and nucleic acids in biological tissues in the ultraviolet band. A deep UV microscopic hyperspectral imager based on the Offner structure with F # 2.5, low spectral keystone and smile is designed and developed. A 0.68 numerical aperture microscope objective is designed. The spectral range of the system is from 200 nm to 430 nm; the spectral resolution is better than 0.5 nm; and the spatial resolution is better than 1.3 µm. The K562 cells can be distinguished by transmission spectrum of nucleus. The UV microscopic hyperspectral image of the unstained mouse liver slices showed similar results to the microscopic image after hematoxylin and eosin staining, which could help to simplify the pathological examination process. Both results show a great performance in spatial and spectral detecting capabilities of our instrument, which has the potential for biomedical research and diagnosis.

Aberrant expression of FBXO22 is associated with propofol-induced synaptic plasticity and cognitive dysfunction in adult mice.

Recent observation demonstrated that prolonged anesthesia modifies brain synaptic architecture in all ages, including adult. Propofol is the most commonly utilized anesthetics at clinic. Whether repeated administration of propofol modulates cognitive impairment in adults and changes synaptic plasticity remains, however, to be explored. In this study, we first discovered that repeated and prolonged exposure to propofol-induced cognitive impairment in adult rodents. Then, we examined the property of hippocampal primary neurons and slices after propofol treatment in mice, including synaptic protein profile, dendritic spine density, as well as synaptic transmission. We found the distinctive change of the F-box only protein 22 (FBXO22), an F-box E3 ligase, during this process and further explored its role. Knockdown experiments showed the downregulation of FBXO22 restored the changes by propofol treatment on hippocampal primary neurons and attenuated propofol-induced hippocampal dependent cognitive dysfunction. Our results showed that FBXO22 is involved in the regulation of repeated propofol treatment induced changes of synaptic plasticity and cognitive dysfunction in adult mice. Repeated propofol treatment leads to cognitive dysfunction by regulating FBXO22 in adult rodents.

Underwater hyperspectral imaging system with dual-scanning mode.

As a kind of underwater detecting technology, hyperspectral imaging technology has been well applied in many areas. But the systems usually have a large volume, and it is hard to mount them on different platforms because the external scanning mechanisms are needed for scanning imaging. To overcome these disadvantages, an underwater hyperspectral imaging system that achieves scanning imaging through moving the objective lens is designed. The design of the optical system and internal scanning and focusing structure were completed. According to the design result, the system is assembled and tested. The imaging quality of the whole system is good, and the obtained spectrum of different targets can be distinguished. The system has a good underwater detection capability, which can provide a new feasible technical scheme for underwater detection.

Detection of microplastics based on spatial heterodyne Raman spectroscopy.

As a new type of pollutant, microplastics have attracted extensive attention due to its characteristics such as small size and degradation difficulty under natural circumstance. Though there are many detection methods nowadays, there are still some limitations like long detection time, high false detection rate and expensive detection equipment, which make the detection of microplastics exists in natural environment hard to carry out. To improve the environmental conditions, rapid, efficient, and accurate detection methods for microplastics are needed urgently. In this paper, a method combined the Spatial heterodyne technology and Raman spectroscopy was proposed to detect the microplastics. A spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) was built, and the algorithms used to process the spectrum data were introduced. An optical system used to collect the Raman signal of the sample was built and connected with the SHS. Four different kinds of microplastic samples were detected by the complete system and identification can be achieved according to the Raman spectrum. The samples were also detected by using a normal spectrometer for comparison. A comparison of Raman spectrum using conventional dispersion spectrometer was carried out and the result shows that SHS is of higher signal-to-noise ratio. The results indicate that SHRS technology has good performance and development prospects in the field of microplastics detection.

A novel wavelength modulation spectroscopy gas sensing technique with an ultra-compressed wavelength scanning bandwidth.

In a wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) gas sensing system, a scanning ramp combined with a high frequency sinusoidal signal is applied to drive the laser source. Generally, a wide wavelength scanning bandwidth realized by voltage scanning ramp is required to fully cover the target gas absorption profile. In this paper, a novel WMS-based strategy is proposed and verified in a CH4 detection system. The wavelength scanning bandwidth is compressed from âˆ¼659 pm to âˆ¼166 pm, even narrower than the half width at full height (HWFM) of the CH4 absorption profile. In addition, the second harmonic signal that induced by the absorption is increased threefold by virtue of making full use of the dynamic range of the preamplifier circuit, and the waveform distortion that comes from the residual amplitude modulation (RAM) effect is eliminated as well. Benefiting from the compressed driving current range, the thermal stability of the laser diode is improved from the original level of 0.5 °C to 0.1 °C. As a result, a linear sensitivity of 75.2 ppb is achieved within 0-3000 ppm CH4 concentration range at 12.7 s time constant.

Wideband, high spectral resolution UV convex grating imaging spectrometer based on an Offner structure.

Ultraviolet is an effective electromagnetic spectrum in material detection, which has wide application prospects in aerospace and environmental monitoring. A conventional imaging spectrometer has a narrow UV band and low spectral resolution. To solve this problem, a convex grating imaging spectrometer based on an Offner structure with F#2.5 and a 13 mm long slit was designed and developed. The working wavelength ranges from 200 to 433 nm, and the spectral resolution is greater than 0.5 nm. A hyperspectral data cube with both high spatial and spectral resolutions of external scenes can be obtained by the push-broom imaging mode. Fine Fraunhofer lines can be distinguished in the spectrum. The ultraviolet hyperspectral imager can be used for marine oil spills, trace gas monitoring, and other applications that require high signal-to-noise ratios, wide bands, and high spectral resolutions.

A Fourier-domain-based line shape recovery method used in direct absorption spectroscopy.

A novel absorption line shape recovery method with self-calibration function and ultra-easy implementation was introduced to direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS) in this study. The self-calibration function empowered the DAS system with the immunity to the laser power fluctuations. The ultra-easy implementation was achieved in that the DAS system was substantially simplified with a single-path DAS rather than the traditional dual-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), and the absorption profile can be directly recovered by an analog or digital filter instead of complex fitting algorithm or sophisticated balance detection circuits. The reliability and self-calibration characteristic of the new method were validated using CH4 transition at 1653.72 nm, where the line strength is 1.45×10-21cm/molec. The Voigt fitting residual and signal to noise ratio were optimized in detail and compared with the DOAS.

Phosphorylation at Ser 727 Increases STAT3 Interaction with PKCε Regulating Neuron-Glia Crosstalk via IL-6-Mediated Hyperalgesia In Vivo and In Vitro.

METHODS: A rat hyperalgesia model was induced using an intraplantar injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) or an intrathecal injection of IL-6. Mechanical allodynia was evaluated using von Frey filament tests after intrathecal injections of T-5224 (c-Fos/AP-1 inhibitor), minocycline (Mino, a specific microglia inhibitor), L-2-aminoadipic acid (LAA, an astroglial toxin), PKCε inhibitor peptide, APTSTAT3-9R (STAT3 inhibitor), or anti-IL-6 antibody. The c-Fos, GFAP, Iba-1, PKCε, STAT3, pSTAT3Tyr705 and pSTAT3Ser727, and IL-6 expression at the spinal cord level was assessed by Western blot analysis. The interactive effects of PKCε and STAT3 were determined using immunofluorescence staining and immunoprecipitation in vivo and in vitro. Interleukin-6 promoter activity was examined using luciferase assays. RESULTS: T-5224, Mino, and LAA attenuated FCA- or IL-6-mediated inflammatory pain, with a decrease in c-Fos, GFAP, Iba-1, PKCε, and IL-6 expression. PKCε inhibitor peptide and APTSTAT3-9R reversed FCA-induced nociceptive behavior, while decreasing pSTAT3Ser727, IL-6, c-Fos, GFAP, and Iba-1 expression and PKCε and STAT3 coexpression. Interleukin-6 promoter activity increased in the presence of PKCε and STAT3. The interaction with PKCε increased on phosphorylating STAT3 at Ser727 but not at Tyr705. CONCLUSION: STAT3 phosphorylation at Ser 727 and the interaction with PKCε contribute to hyperalgesia via the IL-6-mediated signaling pathway, thus regulating neuron-glia crosstalk during inflammatory pain.

Propofol improves learning and memory in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) mice via recovering hippocampus synaptic plasticity.

AIMS: Propofol, the most commonly used intravenous anesthetic, is known for its protective effect in various human and animal disease models such as post-traumatic stress disease (PTSD). However, it still needs efforts to clarify the effect of propofol on fear memory extinction and the relevant mechanisms. METHODS: Fear memory extinction was examined in PTSD mice model. Thirty-six mice were randomly divided into three groups: a shock + propofol group (sh + Pro), shock + normal saline group (sh + NS), and sham group. The mice were treated with propofol (150 mg/kg) or normal saline (of the same volume) intraperitoneally 30 min after the conditioning. These mice's behavior was analysed with contextual test, sucrose preference test (SPT) and Morris water maze (MWM). Additionally, the synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus was examined by long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). KEY FINDINGS: Compared with the sham group, the sh + NS group showed increased freezing time and depressive behavior, meanwhile the sh + Pro group showed minor behavioral changes. What's more, we found that propofol rescued the impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in hippocampus of PTSD mice. All these suggest that propofol can accelerate fear memory extinction and change synaptic plasticity of PTSD mice. SIGNIFICANCE: The study proved that propofol can protect the mice from PTSD by reserving synaptic plasticity and brought a new insight into PTSD treatment indicating that propofol maybe a potential cure for PTSD.

Detection and analysis of microplastics in offshore sediment by microscopic differential Raman spectroscopy.

In view of the problems of low pre-screening efficiency, a weak Raman signal, and strong fluorescence interference in the detection of microplastics by traditional Raman spectroscopy, a set of rapid detection system and research methods for microplastics, including fluorescence imaging technology, differential Raman spectroscopy technology, and confocal microscopic Raman technology, are constructed in this paper. A 784/785 nm dual-wavelength laser was used as the excitation light source in the rapid detection system for microplastics. The sediment in the coastal waters of Qingdao Shilaoren was taken as the research object. Polycarbonate and high-density polyethylene with a particle size of 40 µm in the samples were accurately detected and analyzed. The research method for microplastics proposed in this study breaks through relevant key technologies, which we believe will help promote the development of microplastic monitoring technology in the global marine environment and provide strong technical support for the healthy development of the global marine ecological environment.