In vitro and functional investigation reveals the curative effect of thymoquinone from black cumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on streptozotocin induced paediatric diabetes.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is regarded to be a communal complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. Successful therapy of DKA in children requires prompt diagnosis, strict monitoring of medical indicators, and prompt action. Thymoquinone (Tq) from black cumin loaded chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs) intend to assess an effective agent to overcome this problem. XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM were used in the physicochemical analysis. Enzymatic activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase was used in in vitro tests of anti-diabetic efficacy. Protecting insulin against enzyme breakdown is a crucial part of the insulin delivery mechanism. In the STZ-induced diabetes RIN-5F cell line, the anti-apoptotic capability of Tq-ChNPs was demonstrated through the NF-κB mediated apoptotic pathway. The combination of thymoquinone and chitosan NPs demonstrated that a wide variety of incredibly effective substances to elevate their curative effects, thus contributing to the growth of clinical and pharmaceutical fields.

Bacillus sp. DU-106 ameliorates type 2 diabetes by modulating gut microbiota in high-fat-fed and streptozotocin-induced mice.

AIMS: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic disease that manifests as endocrine and metabolic disorders that seriously threatening public health. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus sp. DU-106 on anti-diabetic effects and gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced T2D. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bacillus sp. DU-106 was administered to model mice for eight consecutive weeks. Oral administration of Bacillus sp. DU-106 decreased food and water intake and alleviated body weight loss. Moreover, Bacillus sp. DU-106 imparted several health benefits to mice, including balanced blood glucose, alleviation of insulin resistance in T2D mice and an improvement in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, Bacillus sp. DU-106 protected against liver and pancreatic impairment. Additionally, Bacillus sp. DU-106 treatment reshaped intestinal flora by enhancing gut microbial diversity and enriching the abundance of certain functional bacteria. CONCLUSION: Collectively, these findings suggest that Bacillus sp. DU-106 can ameliorate T2D by regulating the gut microbiota. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: Therefore, a novel probiotic, Bacillus sp. DU-106 may be a promising therapeutic agent for improving and alleviating T2D in mice.

Probiotic-fermented rice buckwheat alleviates high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice by suppressing lipid accumulation and modulating gut microbiota.

Hyperlipidemia is associated with lipid metabolic disorders, chronic inflammation, and intestinal dysbiosis. Previous studies have shown that the metabolic improvement of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice by buckwheat is correlated with gut microbiota; however, the anti-hyperlipidemia effects and potential mechanism of probiotics-fermented rice buckwheat (FRB) are not well understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the lipid-lowering and gut microbiota regulation of FRB in HFD-induced hyperlipidemic mice. We observed that probiotic fermentation markedly increased the contents of γ-aminobutyric acid, rutin, total polyphenols, and total flavonoids in rice buckwheat. FRB supplementation over eight weeks significantly reduced body weight gain and visceral obesity, as well as alleviating dyslipidemia in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, FRB treatment effectively ameliorated oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. We further demonstrated that FRB intervention significantly inhibited hepatic cholesterol synthesis and lipogenesis, and promoted lipolysis. More important, FRB treatment reversed HFD-induced gut dysbiosis by decreasing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and increasing the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria such as Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Blautia, along with increasing the total SCFAs contents. Overall, these results show that FRB is a beneficial nutraceutical for hyperlipidemia amelioration.