The role and research progress of NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetic retinopathy / 眼科新进展

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the severe microvascular complications caused by diabetes,and the precise pathogenesis of DR is still unsettled now.Recent studies have shown that inflammation and autoimmune responses play important roles in the development of DR.Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptor containing a pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome can trigger a variety of inflammatory responses and involves in various chronic inflammatory diseases.At present,a large number of studies have confirmed that NLRP3 inflammasome promotes inflammatory responses in DR through multiple pathways,which have suggested that inhibition of NLPR3 inflammasome or its involved pathways may have therapeutic effects on DR,and the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in DR will be reviewed in this article.

Culture of amelanotic melanocytes derived from human fetal hair follicles.

Human melanocyte stem cells (MSCs) or melanoblasts are not well-investigated owing to the devoid of suitable culture system. Establishing cell lines of MSCs and/or their progenies from human hair follicles will provide a better opportunity to satisfy clinical needs and to enable a deeper understanding of hair-related diseases. In the present study, we cultured melanocytes derived from human fetal hair follicles, perform immunocytochemistry and Fontana Masson staining on them, and employed atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy to observe their subtle morphologies. The results show that the cultured melanocytes have a bipolar or tripolar appearance, which obviously differ from cultured epidermal melanocytes. Compared to cells derived from adult human hair follicles, these cells display a high proliferative capability and exhibit a clonal growth behavior. At the second passage, all these cells were positive for immunocytochemical staining with the NKI/beteb monoclonal antibody and Fontana Masson staining. Under AFM, the cells exhibited rounded, oval, triangular, or quadrangular perikarya, from which two or three dendrites arose. The dendritic arbor was not homogeneous but appeared as spindle-shaped dendritic swellings, knob-like processes, without any filopodia arising from the dendrites or the cell body. Without using a feeder layer, we successfully obtained the clonal growth of melanocytes from human fetal HFs, suggesting that the medium was suitable for the growth of MSCs and their progenies.

Changing trends in the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with gastric carcinoma undergoing surgery between 1979 and 2008 in Liaocheng Shandong province / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the changing trends in clinicopathological characteristics of patients with gastric carcinoma undergoing surgery between 1979 and 2008.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two thousand seven hundred and fifteen patients with gastric cancer who received operation in Liaocheng People's hospital between 1979 and 2008 were analyzed retrospectively, and were compared to 168 patients between 1974 and 1978. Categorical data were evaluated with Chi-squared or Fisher's exact test. Quantitative data were analyzed with nonparametric test. Time series analysis was used to evaluate the changing trend of data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The male to female ratio during 1979-2008 was 3.393, which was higher than that (1.897) during 1974-1978 (χ2=12.193, P<0.01). The median age (59 years) during 1979-2008 was higher than that (53.5 years) during 1974-1978 (z=-6.294 P<0.01). Comparing the tumor distribution of gastric cancer during 1979-2008 with that during 1974-1978, proportion of gastric cardia and fundus cancer was higher (45.7% vs. 13.0%, χ2=56.596, P<0.01), while the proportion of gastric antrum cancer was lower (44.9% vs. 73.2%, χ2=53.980, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in gastric body cancer (13.8% vs. 9.4%, χ2=2.026, P=0.155). Compared to 1994-1998, there were more poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas during 2004-2008 (62.1% vs. 51.7%, χ2=12.267, P<0.01), and there were less tubular adenocarcinomas during 2004-2008 (23.9% vs. 31.8%, χ2=8.78, P<0.01). Time series analysis showed the patient age during 1979 to 2008 increased (Root mean square error=1.275, R-square=0.702), gastric cardia and fundus cancer was increasing and antrum cancer was decreasing (Root mean square error=0.055, R-square=0.798).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In the past 30 years from 1979 to 2008, the male to female ratio and the median age of surgical patients with gastric cancer increased with time. The gastric cardia and fundus cancer increased over time, however antrum cancer decreased with time. In the past 15 years from 1994 to 2008, the proportion of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma increased, and that of tubular adenocarcinoma declined.</p>

Effects of heart-shape anastomosis on 31 cases hirschsprung′s disease / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore and summarize the heart-shape anastomosis for hirschsprung′s disease .Methods Before the operation,the colon was cleaned thoroughly ,31 cases of this group (8 month-6 years old)underwent colonic pull-through and the dilated segment of colon was pulled out and resected.Normal colon and lower segment of rectum′s stomosis were stomosed as heart-shape (higher anterior and lower posterior).After replacing the colon and stomosis ,close the abdomen layer by layer.Results All 31 cases anus sphincter muscle were retained at most degree,so that retained their function of normal defecation .All 31 cases were healed and discharged, without one case with early complications as stomosis fistila,et al.No stomosis stenosis or other late period complication were found in 24 cases with long period follow-up.Conclusions Heart-shape stomosis is a good method for hirschsprung′s disease,especially fitful to the common type and short-segment type and long-segment type with diseased part in sigmoid colon .This method is easy,convenient,no special equipment was needed,easy to be publicized.