Acute and chronic toxicities of prothioconazole and its metabolite prothioconazole-desthio in Daphnia magna.

Current research on prothioconazole (PTC), a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide, mainly focuses on its efficacy and residues; only a few studies have been assessing its toxicological effects. Using acute and chronic toxicity tests, we assessed the effects of PTC and its metabolite prothioconazole-desthio (PTCd) on the inhibition of the activity, growth, and reproduction of Daphnia magna. A dose-response relationship was established to determine sensitive biological indicators. In the acute and chronic toxicity tests, the 48-h EC50 (concentration for 50% of the maximal effect) of PTC and PTCd for D. magna were 2.82 and 5.19 mg/L and 0.0807 and 0.132 mg/L, respectively; in the latter test, PTC was 1.64 times more toxic than PTCd. Acute-to-chronic toxicity ratios were calculated using chronic toxicity data; the ratios were 227 and 27.5 for PTC and PTCd, respectively. Our results indicate that both PTC and PTCd affect the growth and reproduction of D. magna and that the toxicity of PTC is greater than that of PTCd. In conclusion, the metabolites of PTD are toxic to D. magna at certain concentrations, and their environmental risks should not be neglected.

Correlation analysis of family function and neurodevelopment of preterm infants in NICU / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between family function and neurodevelopment of preterm infants in the NICU.Methods:A total of 195 preterm infants in the NICU and their parents were selected from January to August 2020 in Children′s Hospital of Soochow University by convenience sampling method. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the general information questionnaire and Family Assessment Device. 0 to 6-year-old Children′s Neuropsychological Development Checklist were used to assess neurodevelopmental status of preterm infants in the third month after their discharge.Results:The development quotient of preterm infants in the NICU in the third month after discharge was 76.00(73.00, 81.00) points. The family function score was 146.00(131.00, 161.00) points. The total score of family function and item score were negatively correlated with development quotient ( r values were -0.646 to -0.505, all P<0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that communication, problem solving, and behavior control accounted for 21.9% of neurodevelopmental variability in preterm infants. Conclusions:Nurses should promote the family function of preterm infants by improving family communication, problem solving and behavior control, thereby enhancing their neural development level.

Questionnaire on Causes of Falling-down of Post-stroke Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To analyze the causes and risk factors of falling-down of clinic post-stroke patients.Methods 67 stroke patients with the falling-down history were tested with questionnaire and assessed with Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG).Results The causes of falling-down were inside diseases (57.9%), outside environment (30.75%), unknown (11.4%). BBS and TUG showed that there was a significant difference between the patients who falling-down just one time or two times and those who falling-down more than three times ( P<0.01).Conclusion The falling-down of the post-stroke patients maybe relate with age, body balance and moving ability, inside diseases, outside environment and time after stroke.