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1.
Int Orthop ; 40(2): 255-65, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26404095

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Acetabular coverage deficiency displays individual difference among patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Therefore, the correct direction and degree of the acetabular fragment is patient-specific during Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). This paper introduces a feasible method using 3D computed tomography (CT) and computer image processing technology for customised surgical planning. METHODS: CT data of 96 hips in 60 DDH patients (male 15, female 45; average age/range 30 ± 8/14-49 years) and 53 normal hips (male 13, female 37; average age/range 52 ± 13/16-69 years) were reconstructed using commercially available software Mimics and Imageware. Geometric parameters of each hip were measured in relation to the anterior pelvic plane after correcting for pelvic tilt and rotation. Deficiency types and degrees of acetabular dysplasia in patients with DDH were determined by comparison with normal hips, and improvement in femoral-head coverage was analysed again after virtual PAO. A customised surgery programme for each DDH patient was designed and provided the reference for the actual operation. RESULTS: We produced a 3D pelvic model using image processing software, doing precise measurement and with close approximation to the actual PAO. Lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA), anterior centre-edge angle (ACEA), acetabular anteversion angle (AAVA), anterior acetabular sector angle (AASA) and posterior acetabular sector angle (PASA) of normal hips in the control group were 35.128 ± 6.337, 57.052 ± 6.853, 19.215 ± 5.504, 61.537 ± 7.291 and 99.434 ± 8.372°, respectively. Angles of hips with DDH before surgery were 11.46 ± 11.19, 35.79 ± 13.75, 22.77 ± 6.13, 43.58 ± 9.15 and 88.46 ± 8.24, which were corrected to 33.81 ± 2.36, 55.38 ± 2.09, 20.16 ± 2.18, 58.29 ± 7.60, and 4.71 ± 7.75°, respectively, after surgery. After virtual Bernese PAO, LCEA, ACEA, AAVA, AASA and PASA were corrected significantly (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant differences between LCEA, ACEA and AAVA after virtual Bernese PAO and normal hips (p = 0.06, p = 0.23, p = 0.06°, respectively). AASA improved significantly (p = 0.002) post-operatively at the cost of reducing posterior coverage represented by PASA, which is significantly smaller than in normal and pre-operative hips of DDH patients (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The geometric feature of the pelvis for patients with DDH can be assessed comprehensively by using 3D-CT reconstruction and image processing technology. Based on this method, surgeons can design individualised treatment scheme and improve the effect of PAO.


Assuntos
Luxação Congênita de Quadril/cirurgia , Articulação do Quadril/cirurgia , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Luxação Congênita de Quadril/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Quadril/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteotomia/métodos , Adulto Jovem
2.
Am J Addict ; 23(2): 162-9, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24107112

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We tested long-acting injectable depot naltrexone for its tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and safety in Phase I. METHODS: The Phase I trial enrolled 36 healthy participants in two panels (A, B). In Panel A, 24 subjects were randomly assigned to the high-dosage group (400 mg naltrexone, n=6; placebo, n=6) or low-dosage group (200 mg naltrexone, n=6; placebo, n=6). In Panel B, 12 subjects were randomized to take six doses of monthly injectable naltrexone (400 mg) or placebo. RESULTS: After a single injection of naltrexone 200 and 400 mg, means (SD) of naltrexone plasma concentrations were .57 (.28) ng/ml and 1.5 (.8) ng/ml 30 days post-injection. There was no effect of accumulation after multiple dosing. Eleven of 30 subjects (36.67%) who were administered injectable depot naltrexone reported a total of 12 adverse events (AEs). Seven of these 11 AEs were coded as possibly related with study medication. All treatment-related AEs were mild in severity. No serious treatment-related AEs occurred. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: This long-acting formulation of injectable depot naltrexone is well tolerated, results in constant plasma concentration of naltrexone for at least 1 month. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: The tolerability and safety of long-acting injectable depot naltrexone are good.


Assuntos
Naltrexona/administração & dosagem , Naltrexona/farmacocinética , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/prevenção & controle , Prevenção Secundária , Adulto , Preparações de Ação Retardada/administração & dosagem , Preparações de Ação Retardada/efeitos adversos , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções , Masculino , Naltrexona/efeitos adversos , Naltrexona/sangue , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/administração & dosagem , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/efeitos adversos , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/sangue , Adulto Jovem
3.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-468268

RESUMO

Objective:To determine the relationship between injury risk and alcohol drinking. Methods:Totally 531 patients (age≥18 years) who were treated for the ifrst time and came to the emergency room within 6 h atfer the injury were included. hTe American National Institute of Health questionnaire was used to investigate the trauma type, intentional injury, drinking before the injury, drinking volume, and drinking history in the past years and so on. hTe case-crossover method was used to analyze the data and relationship between alcohol drinking and injury.Results:Compared with the non-drinkers, subjects who drank alcohol 6 h before the injury had a higher risk of intentional injury (OR=2.79, 95%CI: 1.61–4.84). Male, drunken, patients with positive alcohol test results were more likely to suffer from intentional injury. Compared with the non-drinkers, victims who drank alcohol 6 h before injury had a higher risk of injury in traffc accidents (OR=2.41, 95%CI: 1.29–4.51). Compared with the non-drinkers, subjects who drank alcohol 6 h before injury had a higher risk of injury (OR=11.86, 95%CI: 5.48–25.65). Subjects who drank more than 6 standard drinks of alcohol 6 h before injury had much higher risks than non-drinkers (OR=24.52, 95%CI: 5.84–102.86). Conclusion:Alcohol drinking before injury is associated with increased the risk of trauma, intentional injury and injury related to traffc accidents.

4.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-422902

RESUMO

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of nicotine exposure and ethanol-preferring behavior on mRNA expression of some nAChR subunits in the rat ventral tegmental area(VTA) and to explore possible mechanisms of dependence on tobacco and alcohol.Methods39 male Wistar rats,35-day-old,were randomly divided into an experimental group (group N,n=20) and a control group (group C,n=19).Rats in group N were treated with nicotine ( 1.0 mg · kg -1 · d -1 ) by subcutaneous injection while in group C with saline both for 10 days,after which 6 rats (respectively group NE,n =6,group CE,n =6 )were drawn randomly from each group and killed by cutting off the head.mRNA was extracted from the VTA tissue,and the expression of nAChR subunits,including α4,α5,α7 and β2,were examined by Real Time-PCR.Other rats both in groups N and C ( respectively group NA,n=14,group CA,n=13) were induced for 69 days to establish two-bottle free choice alcohol-preferring behavior model by Samson sucrose fading program from 60-day-old on.The same indexes mentioned above were detected by the same methods in the VTA tissue.Results① The factor analysis showed that both the two factors,nicotine and alcohol-preferring behavior,showed regulating effects on the expression of nAChR subunits α4 and α5 ( respectively F was 6.13,5.407,5.186,7.132,P < 0.05 ),and the factor,alcohol-preferring behavior,on subunit β2 (F =5.896,P<0.05) ; the two factors exhibited strong interaction on the expression of subunit α7 (F=13.894,P<0.001 ),and some interaction on subunits α5 and β2 (respectively F was 6.149,4.222,P<0.05 ).② The mRNA expression of nAChR subunits α4,α5,α7,and β2 were significantly up-regulated by different degrees in group NA compared to group CA ( respectively Fwas 7.941,13.517,17.438,9.272,respectively P < 0.05,P < 0.05,P < 0.01,P < 0.01 ),the expression level of subunits α4,α5,α7 and β2 were significantly higher in different degrees in group NA than in group NE( respectively F was 5.293,8.500,6.149,4.837,P <0.05) ; while subunit α7 was significantly down-regulated in group CA compared to group CE (F =12.750,P <0.01 ).ConclusionNicotine and ethanol co-affect on the nAChR subtype comprised of subunits α4,α5,α7 and β2.

5.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-422359

RESUMO

Objectives To explore the brain white matter integrity among the patients with buprenorphine tables,scopolamine and promethazine solution(BSP) dependence after abstinence.Methods BSP-dependent patients( n=16)and age/eduction-matched healthy control subjects ( n=18) were assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) after 3 days,1 month and 2 months of abstinence.White matter (WM) integrity was measured with DTI as fractional anisotropy ( FA),an index of intravoxel orientational coherence of white matter fibers.Results Compared with health controls,FA values were significantly lower in frontal,parietal,temporal and corpus callosum in the BSP addicts after 3-day withdrawal (P<0.001,uncorrected).Increased FA values in left superior frontal cortex,right medial frontal gyms and fight inferior parietal gyrus were found in BSP users after 2 months of abstinence (P <0.001,uncorrected).However,no significant difference was found between these BSP addicts after 1-month abstince.Compared with health controls,BSP dependent subjects still exhibited significantly lower FA in the corpus callosum,frontal,parietal and temporal WM after 2-month withdrawal (P < 0.001,uncorrected ).Conclusion The abnormalities showed less recovery in BSP dependent individuals with abstinence in white matter that suggests that rehabilitation time should be further prolonged for BSP addicts and emphasis cognitive-behavioral therapy to assist BSP abusers rebuild social functions.

6.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-814486

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the attitudes of medical students toward psychiatry.@*METHODS@#A total of 254 fourth-year medical students were investigated with a 29-item questionnaire.@*RESULTS@#Although in general, medical school students showed a positive attitude towards psychiatry, opinions about certain aspects like the reputation of psychiatry and the attitude toward psychiatric therapy were not positive.@*CONCLUSION@#There are still some misunderstandings for psychiatry among medical school students, some of which are based on false beliefs that should be actively targeted for remediation.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Escolha da Profissão , China , Psiquiatria , Educação , Especialização , Estudantes de Medicina , Psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-669491

RESUMO

Objective To examine white matter integrity in heroin-dependent patients and matched normal controls with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Methods The fractional anisotropy was compared between 15 heroin-dependent patients and 15 controls.Results We found the fractional anisotropy was significantly decreased in specific brain regions of the heroin-dependent patients (P < 0.001 uncorrected),including the frontal gyrus,the parietal lobule,the insula,and the corpus callosum.Conclusion The presence of microstructural abnormality is found in the white matter of several brain regions of heroin-dependent patients.

8.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-669490

RESUMO

Objective To explore what brain regions are modulated by heroin addiction and withdrawal.MethodsWe used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the brain function in 15 heroin-dependent patients 3 days (acute) and 1 month (protracted) after heroin abstinence.Sixteen normal controls were included.Results The blood oxygen level-dependent signal in the orbitofrontal cortex of the brain of heroin-dependent patients was significantly elevated 3 days after the withdrawal.Hyperfunction of the orbitofrontal cortex declined 1 month after the withdrawal.Conclusion Heroin-dependent subjects at both 3 days and 1 month abstinence have persistent abnormalities in the brain function.Although some tangible beneficial effects are noted following 1month of detoxification,possible permanent damage to the brain caused by heroin use is suggested.

9.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-404273

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE To study mechanisms of terguride on the treatment of herion dependence. METHODS Adult male SD rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups: normal control group, saline treatment during heroin use period group, terguride treatment during heroin use period group, saline treatment during heroin reinstatement period group, terguride treatment during heroin reinstatement period group, the last 4 groups established heroin intravenous self administration and cue induced reinstatement models, and after interfernce and perfusion to get the following five brain regions [including ventral tegmental area (VTA)]sections. The expression of dopamine D2 receptor protein and mRNA, prodynorphin protein and preprodynorphin mRNA was detected by immunohistochemistry and hybridization in situ. RESULTS The expression of dopamine D2 receptor was downregulated during heroin use period and upregulated during heroin reinstatement period in nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSH) region, the expression of dopamine D2 receptor mRNA was parallelled with the protein expression approximately, terguride could downregulate the high expression of receptor protein during reinstatement. The expression of dopamine D2 receptor protein and mRNA was upregulated during heroin reinstatement period in central nucleus amygdalae (CeA) region, and terguride could downregulate this high expression. The expression of dopamine D2 receptor protein and mRNA was upregulated during heroin use period and downregulated during heroin reinstatement period in CA1 region of hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC), terguride could downregulate the high expression of mRNA during heroin reinstatement period. The expression of dynorphin protein and mRNA was upregulated during heroin reinstatement period, terguride could downregulate this high expression. The expression of dynorphin protein was upregulated during heroin reinstatement period, and terguride could downregulate this high expression. CONCLUSION The activity of mesolimbic dopamine is boosted up during heroin use period and depressed during reinstatement period, terguride can regulate this dysregulation. The activity of dynorphin is boosted up during cue induced reinstatement, and terguride has the downregulation effect. So the preclinic study demonstrated that terguride has the potential benefit in heroin dependence.

10.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-596155

RESUMO

0.05);3 group of local infection,the incidence of catheter-induced bacteremia than 1,2 low(P

11.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-407255

RESUMO

Objective To investigate whether the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT2A)gene T102 C polymorphism is associated with the severity symptoms and negative symptoms in the first episode Chinese Han nationality patients with schizophrenia. Methods Altogether 201 first episode Chinese Han nationality patients with schizophrenia were enrolled in this study. Genotyping of 5-HT2A gene T102 C polymorphism was performed by PCR-RFLP technique. The positive and negative Symptom Scale ( PANSS ) was used for the evaluation of the severity of psychotic symptoms before any drug treat-ment. Results 5-HT2A receptor 102-T/T genotype was significantly associated with both the PANSS total and negative symptom subscale baseline scores before the treatment, but not with the positive and general psychopathology subscales. Conclusion 5-HT2A T102 C functional polymorphism may play a role in negative symptoms and prognosis of Chinese Han nationality people with schizophrenia.

12.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-589023

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE To enhance the control of nosocomial infection and the quality of medical nursing.METHODS The risk factors and etiological factors of nosocomial infection caused by non-medical-staff in sickroom were analyzed.RESULTS In order to control the nosocomial infection,we needed to strengthen the management in the following aspects: working procedures and tools of non-medical-staff,knowledge and sterilizing procedures for visitors,etc.CONCLUSIONS Standardized monitoring to non-medical-staff is the important measure to reduce the nosocomial infection.

13.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-586716

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE To prevent the infection at intravenous injection site with peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC). METHODS The relationship between infection with sites,methods,and times of PICC placement in 160 patients was observed. RESULTS There was no correlated infection in all the patients,but family nursing might lead to infection. CONCLUSIONS Regular management and standard operation can prevent infection.Instructions of family nursing and follow-up are necessary for infection control.

14.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-594114

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE To prevent intravenous transfusion infection through scalp acupuncture.METHODS The method,site,time and the infection rate of 380 cases with scalp acupuncture were analyzed.RESULTS No infection was occurred in 380 scalp acupunture cases.Among them,36(6.8%) cases were found phlebitis due to more times puncture and irritation of exosmosis medicine.CONCLUSIONS It is important for nurses to choose intravenous and prepare medicine correctly.Normal procedure and management of scalp acupuncture can prevent intravenous infection.

15.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-593413

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE To prevent clinical infection due to intravenous infusion by indwelling trocar.METHODS The methods of intravenous infusion by indwelling trocar,the location the indwelling time and the relationship of veinal infection with indwelling trocar were observed in 320 cases.RESULTS Veinal infection didn′t occur in patients who used the trocar.CONCLUSIONS The risk factors of infection due to intravenous infusion by indwelling trocar include the location of puncture,washing hands,aseptic technique,enveloping duct technique,application exchange,osmotic pressure of drug,indwelling time,operation technique,patients′ own situation and so on.Correct operation and standard management can prevent infection of intravenous infusion by inewelling trocar.

16.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-552258

RESUMO

To explore the rational nursing care in patients with acute aortic saddle embolism perioperatively.Emergency operations of retrograde catheter or transaortic embolectomy were done on 36 cases,and intensive care was given simultaneously.The results showed the normal blood flow was restored right after operation.3 patients died of myonephropathic metabolic syndrome or heart failure.30 cases were followed up from 1 to 4 years.A good result was obtained in 20 cases.The results indicated that a higher cure rate, with less complications and lower mortality rate,could be obtained if operative measures were untaken early and perioperafive nursing care were stressed,in acute aortic saddle embolism.

17.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-586345

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE To enhance the control of nosocomial infection and improve the quality of medical nursing. METHODS The risk factors and etiological factors of nosocomial infection in sickroom were analyzed. RESULTS In order to control the nosocomial infection we needed to strength the disinfection management in the following aspects: air in the ward,nursing procedures,implements and hands of doctors and nurses. CONCLUSIONS Strict sterilizing procedures and standardized monitoring are the important measures to reduce the nosocomial infection.

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