Umbilical Endometriosis in a Surgically Naïve Multiparous Young Female.

The existence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus is known as endometriosis. It is a benign estrogen-dependent gynecological condition that affects 5%-10% of women who are of reproductive age. Endometriosis often affects the ovary and fallopian tubes, although it can also occur in nonpelvic areas. The most typical location for extra-pelvic endometriosis is the abdomen. Umbilical endometriosis is a rare condition accounting for 0.5%-1.0% of all cases of endometriosis. In 3% of cases, there is a chance of malignant change. This disorder's precise etiology is uncertain. Recurrent discomfort and swelling around the umbilicus are the classic manifestations. In this instance, we describe a patient with primary umbilical endometriosis (PUE) who had cyclical bleeding and swelling over the umbilicus and was surgically naive. This case will demonstrate how, particularly in surgically naïve instances, diagnosis of PUE is frequently delayed due to ignorance of the entity.

Macro and microanatomy of some organs of a juvenile male Ganges River dolphin (Platanista gangetica spp. gangetica).

Ganges River dolphins (Platanista gangetica spp. gangetica) are air-breathing, warm-blooded mammals endemic to the Ganges and Karnaphuli rivers of the Indian subcontinent. Nevertheless, very little basic histomorphological research has been conducted on this endangered species. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the morphological features of different organs of P. gangetica. Despite becoming aquatic animals, they showed similarities with terrestrial mammals, such as the pair of lungs and an apical bronchus in the respiratory system, which are pretty standard in ruminants and pigs. However, unlike the terrestrial animal, the tracheobronchial tree was stiffer due to circularly arranged anastomosing plates of the hyaline cartilaginous ring in the trachea, cartilaginous plates in the bronchiole, and thick alveolar septa. The digestive system showed a three-chambered mechanical and glandular stomach similar to the artiodactyles. However, the intestine showed smaller caecum like the monogastric mammal. The urogenital system showed lobulated kidneys, a urinary bladder, a fibroelastic penis with sigmoid flexure, and a long urethral process similar to some terrestrial ruminants. Considering the aquatic environment, all those modifications, unlike terrestrial mammals, are necessary for their adaptation. Thus, this research will broadly help our clinicians and conservationist to take further steps toward disease diagnosis and monitoring of marine health of this endangered species.

Meckel's diverticulum causing acute intestinal obstruction: A case series.

Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. Most cases are asymptomatic and when symptomatic, preoperative diagnosis of MD is poor. Intestinal obstruction, Malena or hematochezia, and inflammation are major symptoms. We report three cases of 18-month, 2-year, and 9-year old male patients presenting with intestinal obstruction.

Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A case report.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal tumor (GIT) is an uncommon gastrointestinal tumor most commonly arising in the stomach. Duodenum is an uncommon site accounting for only about 3-5% of cases. Case presentation: In this case report, we present a case of high-risk duodenal GIST and review its management strategies. Discussion: An abdominal mass and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding are its usual presentation, however it may be lost among the long list of differentials of an abdominal mass and GI bleeding, if a high index of suspicion is not maintained. Surgery, with or without tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib mesylate, has been the cornerstone in management of GIST. Conclusion: This case underlined the importance of duodenal GIST as a cause of GI bleed and abdominal mass as well as shone light upon historical developments, current updates and managements of GISTs.

A case report on atypical spindle cell lipomatous tumor: A rare entity.

Introduction: Atypical spindle cell lipomatous tumor (ASPLT), a separate entity for the group of benign/low grade adipocytic neoplasm that is characterized by adipocyte adequacy and the presence of lipoblast-like cells and spindle cells at varying degrees. Case presentation: Here, we report a rare case of 60 years old male with atypical spindle cell lipomatous tumor in the anterior abdominal wall. Discussion: Histopathology is the gold standard for establishing the diagnosis and grade of soft tissue tumor and consistent radiology-pathology correlation is essential to avoid any diagnostic pitfalls [1]. Ultrasound is preferred as an initial investigation for superficially located lesions. Conclusion: ASPLT show a wide variety of microscopic features, and differential diagnosis is important and difficult. Recognition of morphologic clues and immunohistochemistry/molecular tests to confirm the diagnosis.

Mesenteric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor mimicking acute appendicitis: A case report.

Introduction: An Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, a neoplasm of intermediate biological potential, of the small bowel mesentery, is a rare tumor, most commonly reported in but not confined to the pediatric age group. Case presentation: This case report underlines a case of a (small bowel) mesentery IMT in an adult female presenting with recurrent symptoms similar to acute appendicitis. Discussion: It can present with symptoms similar to acute appendicitis necessitating a high index of suspicion for its prompt diagnosis. Treatment primarily includes surgical resection with recent advances in targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors showing promising results. Conclusion: IMTs can present as clinical as well as histopathological mimickers of a variety of diseases especially in the abdomen. Prompt diagnosis requires both imaging and histopathological examination.

Retrospective Genotyping and Whole Genome Sequencing of a Canine Parvovirus Outbreak in Bangladesh.

Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) outbreaks in close quarters such as kennels or shelters can cause substantial case fatality. Thirteen dead Labradors from a secluded kennel of security dogs presented with typical clinical signs and gross pathology of parvovirus infection. Whole genome shotgun sequencing from tissue-extracted genomic DNA detected new CPV-2a as the contributing antigenic variant. Further genotyping using polymerase chain reaction coupled with high-resolution melt assays (PCR-HRM) confirmed new CPV-2a infection in all deceased dogs. PCR-HRM of additional thirty-four clinically suspected dogs suggested that this variant is in wider community circulation, at least in the southeastern part of Bangladesh. We present complete genome sequence of the new CPV-2a variant circulating in the domestic canine population of Bangladesh.

Serum FOXO3A: A ray of hope for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is often difficult because of distinct and subjective clinical features, especially in the early stage. FOXO3a protein present in the cognitive centre of brain in inferior temporal region and parahippocampus. FOXO3a can be a potential novel target against AD. AD, Mild Cognitive impairment (MCI) and Geriatric Control (GC) were recruited after diagnosis by clinical assessment, MRI, TauPET and FDG-PET. We have quantified serum FOXO3a by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and compare with TauPET between of AD, MCI patients and GC. Serum FOXO3A was significantly lower in AD (1.42 ± 0.09 ng/µl) compare to MCI (1.61 ± 0.14 ng/µl) and GC (1.89 ± 0.07 ng/µl). However, the Tau was higher in AD both in serum and also in PET scan. Serum pTau was significantly over-expressed in AD (0.176 ± 0.03 ng/µl), compare to other groups; MCI (0.16 ± 0.014 ng/µl) and GC (0.15 ± 0.024 ng/µl). Serum FOXO3A could significantly differentiate AD vs MCI, MCI vs GC and AD vs GC. However, Tau protein could only differentiate AD vs GC but not MCI vs GC. Serum FOXO3A may serve as novel blood marker for early detection for AD and target for therapeutic intervention.

5-LOX in Alzheimer's Disease: Potential Serum Marker and In Vitro Evidences for Rescue of Neurotoxicity by Its Inhibitor YWCS.

The inflammatory process plays a key role in neurodegenerative disorder. The inflammatory molecule, 5-lipooxygenase (5-LOX), protein is involved in the pathologic phenotype of Alzheimer's disease (AD) which includes Aß amyloid deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. This study determined the level of 5-LOX in serum of AD patients, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and the normal elderly, and the rescue effect by YWCS, a peptide inhibitor of 5-LOX on neurotoxicity by Aß amyloid25-35 (Aß25-35) in neuroblastoma cells. The concentration of serum 5-LOX was estimated by surface plasmon resonance and western blot. The neuroprotective effect of 5-LOX peptide inhibitor YWCS in Aß25-35-induced neurotoxicity was analyzed by MTT assay and western blotting. We found significant upregulated serum 5-LOX in AD patients and also in MCI patients compared to the normal control group. The peptide inhibitor of 5-LOX, YWCS, prevented the neurotoxic effect of Aß25-35 by reducing the expression of γ-secretase as well as p-Tau181 in SH-SY5Y cells. However, YWCS was nontoxic towards normal HEK cells. The differential expression of serum 5-LOX among the study groups suggests it can be one of potential serum protein marker and a therapeutic regimen for AD and MCI. The negative correlation with neuropsychological parameters, i.e., MoCA and HMSE, increases its importance and makes it useful during the clinical setup which is very needful in developing countries. Peptide YWCS can serve as a new platform as a 5-LOX inhibitor which can prevent neurotoxicity developed in AD.