RESUMO
In male competition, large and costly ejaculates are advantageous. Prior research on male accessory gland secretions in Plutella xylostella left open questions about how males modulate their mating behaviors and ejaculate composition allocation in response to varying levels of competition. The current study aimed to delve deeper into these unexplored facets. A totally of 928 ejaculate proteins were identified across males exposed to different competition conditions. Notably, males courting under non-, low-, and high-competition scenarios exhibited 867, 635, and 858 ejaculate proteins, respectively. Approximately 10% of these ejaculate proteins displayed variations that aligned with changes in competition intensity. Subsequent analyses focused on the proteins transferred to females, revealing that 44% of ejaculate proteins were transferred, with 37 proteins exhibiting differential expression. Functional analyses uncovered their crucial roles in sperm maturation, motility, and capacitation. Our findings reveal adaptive adjustments in ejaculate protein abundance and transmission in P. xylostella as a response to varying competition levels. Moreover, fluorescent sperm labeling indicated higher sperm transfer during low competition correlated with shorter sperm length. Furthermore, evidence suggests that males shorten their courtship duration and extend their mating duration when faced with competition. These results illustrate how competition drives ejaculate investment and behavioral plasticity, offering valuable insights for advancements in assisted reproductive technologies and pest management strategies.
RESUMO
Objective To evaluate the sleep and mood of patients with type 2 diabetes and peripheral neuropathy , and to explore whether the results were related to the level of interleukin-17 ( IL -17 ) . Methods 130 cases of type 2 diabetes diagnosed in Department of Endocrinology , First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui from September 2015 to July 2016 were selected ,46 diabetes mellitus patients without peripheral neuropathy ( NDPN group ) and 84 patients with peripheral neuropathy ( DPN group ) were selected in the study.According to Toronto score (TCSS),DPN patients were divided into mild DPN group (DPN1 group,54 cases), medium and severe DPN group (DPN2 group,30 cases).The severity of insomnia and depressive symptoms were assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and 17-term Hamilton's Depression Scale (HAMD-17).The serum levels of IL-17 were measured .Results The scores of PSQI and HAMD-17 in the DPN group were signifi-cantly higher than those in the NDPN group,The score was (9.74 ±2.87),(10.85 ±2.20),and (12.03 ±2.71)respectively,the differences was statistically significant ( F =7.43, P =0.001 ), and the scores of PSQI and HAMD-17 in the DPN2 group were significantly higher than those in the DPN 1 group,the scores were (6.80 ± 2.74),(7.52 ±2.49),and (8.97 ±3.22) respectively,the differences was statistically significant (F=5.73,P=0.004 ) .The level of IL-17 in the DPN group was significantly higher than that in the NDPN group ,the differences was statistically significant(F=5.27,P=0.006).There was no statistically significant difference in IL -17 between the DPN1 group and the DPN2 group.IL-17 level of patients with PSQI >10 was significantly higher than that of patients with PSQI≤10 (t=5.52,P=0.021).The level of IL-17 in patients with HAMD-17≥7 and patients with HAMD-17 <7 had no statisticallysignificant difference .Conclusion Sleep and mood is closely related to the condition of patients with type 2 diabetes and peripheral neuropathy .Sleep condition may affect the level of IL -17 and the development of neuropathy .
