[REACTION OF PAROTID GLAND MAST CELLS TO CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTOXICATION].

The goal of this study was to examine the localization and the structural and functional features of mast cells (MC) in the parotid gland in chronic alcohol intoxication. The study was conducted on 15 adult outbred albino male rats receiving 20% ethanol solution as the sole source of drinking for 2 months. The control group included 10 intact animals. Structural changes in parotid salivary glands were studied in paraffin sections, stained with hematoxylin­eosin. MC were demonstrated in cryostat sections stained by Unna's method; their topography, degranulationwere evaluated and their number per field of vision was counted. Serotonin content was assessed quantitatively by using fluorescent microscopy and cytospectrophotometry. In chronic alcohol intoxication, marked variability was demonstrated in the shape of the secretory portions and the size of their glandular cells, which often showed unstained vacuoles. Interlobular ducts are unevenly dilated, their cells had variable height. The number of MC in the connective tissue layer around the interlobular excretory ducts and blood vessels was increased, most of them were in a state of degranulation. However, the content of serotonin in these areas was not changed significantly compared with that in the control group, presumably due to the fact that serotonin released from MC during degranulation, was actively interacting with numerous fibers and terminals of the autonomic nervous system located here, and was quickly trapped by them. Within the lobules, the amount of MC was increased to a lesser extent than in the area of interlobular ducts, but 80% of them were in a state of pronounced degranulation, often with complete disintegration of the cytoplasm. These cells apparently served as the sources of serotonin, the number of which significantly increased in the area of secretory portions. It is suggested that the increased concentrations of serotonin in the area of the secretory portions indicates that under the influence of alcohol intoxication the additional paracrine regulatory mechanisms were activated in the gland, which contributed to its functional activity, aimed at accelerating the excretion of ethanol and its toxic products of metabolism.

[SEROLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES].

The serological and phytotoxic properties of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of plant pathogens--Pantoea agglomerans were studied. It is known that the thin variations in the structure of the O-specific polysaccharides determining serological specificity of gram- negative bacteria and used as a molecular basis of serological classification schemes. For P. agglomerans still does not exist a classification scheme based on serology specificity of their LPS. The results of cross serological tests demonstrate immunochemical heterogeneity of species P agglomerans. Only three strains of the 8488, 8490 and 7969 according to the agglutination of O-antigens and direct hemagglutination and inhibition direct hemagglutination can be attributed to a single serogroup. Other strains--each separate group, although some have a relationship. Compared with control plants under the influence of seed treatment of LPS in plants may be reduced, and in some cases increased root length, height and weight sprout, depending on the strain from which the selected LPS. Dive seedlings of tomatoes in the solutions of the studied preparations FSC caused the loss, and after some time, restore turgor.

Dynamics of neurotransmitters in the structures of the rat jejunum during chronic alcohol intoxication.

We studied the effects of ethanol on bioamine-containing structures in the jejunum at different stages of alcohol intoxication. The content of catecholamines, serotonin, and histamine in enterocytes of the villus epithelium, submucosa mast cells, crypt enterocytes, and muscular layer was measured by luminescent microscopy and cytospectrofluorometry. Uneven increase of biogenic amine content was found in rats in the initial period of chronic alcohol intoxication (60 days). Further alcohol intake (up to 180 days) impaired the balance of biogenic amines; catecholamines started to prevail.

Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide and structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens IMV 948.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was isolated from the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens IMV 948 by mild extraction of the microbial cells with saline, and the properties, composition, and structure of the LPS were studied. The LPS showed low toxicity in D- galactosamine-sensitized mice and low biological activity in plants. Structural components of LPS--lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-specific polysaccharide (OPS)--were obtained by mild acid degradation and characterized. The lipid A contained fatty acids 3-HO-C10:0, C12:0, 2-HO-C12:0, 3-HO-C12:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, and C18:1, as well as components of the hydrophilic moiety: GlcN, ethanolamine, phosphate, and phosphoethanolamine. The LPS core contained components typical of pseudomonads: glucose, rhamnose (Rha), L-glycero-D-manno-heptose, GlcN, GalN, 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octonic acid, alanine, and phosphate. The OPS consisted of L-Rha and D-GlcNAc in the ratio 4 : 1 and was structurally heterogeneous. The main pentasaccharide repeating unit of the OPS has the following structure: [structure see text]. Immunochemical studies showed that P. syringae pv. atrofaciens IMV 948 is serologically separate from other P. syringae strains, including those that have structurally similar OPS.

Characterization of O-antigens from different strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci.

O-Antigens (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) were isolated by NaCl extraction from microbial biomass of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and purified by ultracentrifugation. Individual structural components of the LPS macromolecule (O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS), core oligosaccharide, and lipid A) were obtained and characterized. Fatty acids 3-OH-C10:0, C12:0, 2-OH-C12:0, 3-OH-C12:0, C16:1, C16:0, C18:1, and C18:0 were identified in the lipid A composition. Glucosamine, ethanolamine, and phosphoethanolamine were found in the hydrophilic part of the lipid A macromolecule in all strains tested. Lipid A preparations contained phosphorus and amino acids. Rhamnose, glucose, glucosamine, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid, heptose, alanine, and phosphorus were identified as the main core components. The strains differed in O-PS structure. We describe the O-chain of LPS in strain P-28. It contains repeating units of the following structure: [formula: see text] The O-PS structures of LPS from strains P-28 and 225 are identical, however, they differ substantially from that of strain 223. Both structures from strains 223 and 225 were reported previously. Antibodies to antigenic epitopes of O-PS, core, and lipid A were revealed in O-serum against the whole bacterial cells. Correlation of O-PS structure with the serological grouping of strains was observed.

Detection of common polysaccharide antigen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with O-antiserum to Pseudomonas cerasi.

The identity of the structures of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and O-antigen of Pseudomonas cerasi was used for immunochemical study of polysaccharide antigens of seven immunotypes (IT) of P. aeruginosa. ELISA performed with O-antiserum to P. cerasi showed that CPA is present in all seven ITs in different amounts. In SDS-PAGE this antigen behaves as a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and is detected by immunoblotting technique in five of seven ITs.