Crystal structure and solvent-dependent behaviours of 3-amino-1,6-diethyl-2,5,7-trimethyl-4,4-di-phenyl-3a,4a-di-aza-4-bora-s-indacene.

In the title compound (3-amino-4,4-diphenyl-BODIPY), C28H32BN3, the central six-membered ring has a flattened sofa conformation, with one of the N atoms deviating by 0.142 (4) Šfrom the mean plane of the other five atoms, which have an r.m.s. deviation of 0.015 Å. The dihedral angle between the two essentially planar outer five-membered rings is 8.0 (2)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via weak N-H⋯π inter-actions, forming chains along [010]. The com-pound displays solvent-dependent behaviours in both NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. In the 1H NMR spectra, the aliphatic resonance signals virtually coalesce in solvents such as chloro-form, di-chloro-methane and di-bromo-ethane; however, they are fully resolved in solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol and toluene. The excitation and fluorescence intensities in chloro-form decreased significantly over time, while in DMSO the decrease is not so profound. In toluene, the excitation and fluorescent intensities are not time-dependent. This behaviour is presumably attributed to the assembly of 3-amino-4,4-diphenyl-BODIPY in solution that leads to the formation of noncovalent structures, while in polar or aromatic solvents, the formation of these assemblies is disrupted, leading to resolution of signals in the NMR spectra.

Microwave-assisted syntheses of BODIPY-sugar conjugates through click chemistry and conjugate assembly into liposomes.

BODIPY fluorophores bearing azide or terminal alkyne functions were conjugated with glycans modified with terminal alkyne or azido through the Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) chemistry under microwave heating while these reactions did not proceed when heated in an oil-bath. The BODIPY-glycan conjugate product 8a undergoes self-assembly into liposomes when hydrated. Formation of liposomes was confirmed by both bright field and confocal microscopy. Fluorescent emission within the liposome was shifted from green to red due to effective high concentrations.

Fluorescently labelled glycans and their applications.

This review summarises the literature on the synthesis and applications of fluorescently labelled carbohydrates. Due to the sensitivity of fluorescent detection, this approach provides a useful tool to study processes involving glycans. A few general categories of labelling are presented, in situ labelling of carbohydrates with fluorophores, fluorescently labelled glycolipids, fluorogenic glycans, pre-formed fluorescent glycans for intracellular applications, glycan-decorated fluorescent polymers, fluorescent glyconanoparticles, and other functional fluorescent glycans.

Therapeutic potential of siRNA and DNAzymes in cancer.

Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, invasion, and metastasis and possess threat to humans worldwide. The scientific community is facing numerous challenges despite several efforts to cure cancer. Though a number of studies were done earlier, the molecular mechanism of cancer progression is not completely understood. Currently available treatments like surgery resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are not completely effective in curing all the cancers. Recent advances in the antisense technology provide a powerful tool to investigate various cancer pathways and target them. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) could be effective in downregulating the cancer-associated genes, but their in vivo delivery is the main obstacle. DNA enzymes (DNAzymes) have great potential in the treatment of cancer due to high selectivity and significant catalytic efficiency. In this review, we are focusing on antisense molecules such as siRNA and DNAzymes in cancer therapeutics development. This review also describes the challenges and approaches to overcome obstacles involved in using siRNA and DNAzymes in the treatment of cancers.