Single-Stage Total Arch Replacement With Open Stent Graft for Kommerell's Diverticulum With Right-Sided Aortic Arch.

We treated a 70-year-old patient with Kommerell's diverticulum associated with an aberrant left subclavian artery and right aortic arch using single-stage total arch replacement with a commercially available open stent graft through only a median sternotomy. A four-branched prosthetic graft was implanted after insertion of the open stent graft through the anastomotic site under moderate hypothermia and cardiopulmonary bypass with selective cerebral perfusion. The aberrant subclavian artery was occluded by coil embolization from the distal site and anatomically reconstructed from the prosthetic graft. This approach is safe and effective and allows avoidance of a right thoracotomy and second stage intervention.

Successful surgical resection of giant arteriovenous malformation in supraclavicular fossa.

A 42-year-old woman with a large congenital giant arteriovenous malformation in the left supraclavicular fossa underwent surgical resection. Although endovascular treatment was initially planned, it was impossible to occlude the multiple feeding arteries (transverse cervical, clavicular branch of left internal mammary, thoracoacromial, anterior/posterior circumflex humeral), and the anatomy was difficult. After removal of the left clavicle, the arteriovenous malformation was exposed. Care was taken to not injure the brachial plexus, and each feeding artery was ligated, followed by division of the drainage veins. The postoperative course was uneventful, and no sign of recurrence has been seen.

[Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Patients who Underwent Thoracic Aortic Surgery].

PURPOSE: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a very common and important complication occurring after open heart surgery. Risk factors and prevention measure including ß blocker use have been reported mainly in regard to patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, while little is known about POAF following thoracic aortic surgery. In the present study, we examined risk factors related to POAF and effective prevention of POAF in patients who underwent thoracic aortic surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated 95 consecutive patients who underwent thoracic aortic surgery since 2010. We analyzed the relationship between perioperative factors and occurrence of POAF in the study cohort, as well as in 62 patients who had perioperative intravenous ß blocker (landiolol) administration. RESULTS: Following surgery, 21 (22%) of the patients had new onset POAF. The occurrence of POAF was related to that of stroke. Univariate analysis showed that age was a risk factor for POAF. In patients with landiolol, risk factors for POAF were age, arch aneurysm, and timing of landiolol administration. Six patients developed POAF during landiolol administration. However, of 56 patients who had not have POAF during landiolol administration, 8 developed POAF after stopping landiolol. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that the risk factor of POAF after thoracic aortic surgery is age, while perioperative administration of landiolol may reduce POAF incidence.

Atrial fibrillation following aortic valve replacement: impact of perioperative use of intravenous ß-blocker.

OBJECTIVES: Despite recent advances in perioperative management, postoperative atrial fibrillation/flutter (POAF) remains the most common complication after cardiac surgery. Therefore, it is important to determine related risk factors to establish effective management. However, most studies have focused on patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and little is known about POAF in those who receive aortic valve replacement (AVR). We investigated the relationship of clinical predictors with POAF in patients undergoing AVR. METHODS: A total of 119 patients who underwent AVR were enrolled in this study, and the relationships between POAF incidence and perioperative (preoperative, operative, postoperative) factors were examined. RESULTS: POAF occurred in 47 patients (40%). In univariate analysis, older age was significantly associated with POAF occurrence, which was significantly related to prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay and postoperative stroke. It also showed patients with preoperative ß-blocker experienced POAF less frequently than those without ß-blocker. Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative ß-blocker usage was an independent predictor of POAF. In patients who received both preoperative oral and postoperative intravenous ß-blocker administrations, the incidence of POAF was reduced to 14% (3/22). CONCLUSIONS: POAF frequently occurred in patients undergoing AVR, and was significantly related to prolonged ICU stay and postoperative stroke. Our findings show that advanced age and absence of preoperative ß-blocker usage are risk factors for POAF. Furthermore, in patients undergoing AVR, perioperative intravenous ß-blocker administration may be useful for prevention.

The efficacy of tolvaptan in the perioperative management of chronic kidney disease patients undergoing open-heart surgery.

PURPOSE: The perioperative management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing open-heart surgery is challenging. In this study, we evaluated the effects of tolvaptan in CKD patients after open-heart surgery. METHODS: Between 2010 to 2015, 731 patients underwent open-heart surgery in our hospital. We consecutively selected 71 patients with stage IIIa-IV CKD and divided them into two groups. Those who received tolvaptan postoperatively were defined as the "Tolvaptan group" (n = 25) and those who did not were defined as the "Non-tolvaptan group" (n = 46). We compared the urine volume of postoperative days (POD) 1 and 2, the number of days to return to preoperative body weight (BW), and the change in the postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). RESULTS: In the tolvaptan group, the urine volume was significantly larger (P = .04) and the duration to preoperative BW tended to be shorter. Overall, the postoperative change in the eGFR tended to be better in the tolvaptan group (P = .008). In particular, we found a significantly better trend in CKD stage IV (P = .04) patients and in the patients, whose cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time was longer than 120 min (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Tolvaptan can safely be used for CKD patients undergoing open-heart surgery and can provide a feasible urine volume without leading to a deterioration of their renal function.

Open Surgical Repair Can Be One Option for the Treatment of Persistent Type II Endoleak after EVAR.

PURPOSES: Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) is an increasingly used method of repairing abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, the treatment of persistent type II endoleak is still a controversial issue. Five cases are reported here in which we performed open surgical repair of growing aneurysm due to persistent type II endoleak. METHOD: Totally 128 EVAR cases were retrospectively reviewed, which were operated in our hospital from April 2008 to October 2013. These cases were followed by periodical contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) after EVAR. When persistent type II endoleak caused aneurysm sac growth, we performed surgical repair method for the first line treatment. In the operation, we incised the aneurysm sac by abdominal small median incision approach and sutured lumber arteries from inside of aneurysm sac and tied inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) in addition to aneurysmorrhaphy. Contrast-enhanced CT scanning was performed in a week after open repair for the confirmation of complete treatment. RESULTS: Five of 128 cases (3.9%) were needed to be surgically repaired because of aneurysm sac growth (>5 mm), including two ruptured AAA cases. All patients recovered uneventfully. Contrast-enhanced CT scanning performed a week after these operations showed no endoleak and intact stent grafts and reduction of the aneurysm size. CONCLUSION: We believe open surgical repair method of persistent type II endoleak with aneurysm expansion is secure method, and can be one of the preferable options for this life threatening complication after EVAR.