Silver-loaded carboxymethyl cellulose nonwoven sheet with controlled counterions for infected wound healing.

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a promising material for moist wound healing, and silver loading onto CMC has been examined for anti-bacterial activity. In this study, we developed silver-loaded CMC nonwoven sheets with different counterions, namely sodium CMC (CMC-Na/Ag) and partially protonated CMC (CMC-H/Ag), to examine their anti-bacterial and wound-healing properties. Owing to the presence of counter protons, CMC-H/Ag showed slower water adsorption, dissolution, and Ag release than CMC-Na/Ag. In addition, CMC-H/Ag and CMC-Na/Ag exhibited differences in anti-bacterial activities in shake-flask and inhibition zone tests in vitro. An in vivo experiment using a pressure ulcer mouse model with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection showed that CMC-Na/Ag significantly accelerated wound healing compared to CMC-H/Ag and a commercially available Ag-loaded CMC nonwoven sheet, Aquacel Ag. These results suggest the importance of controlling CMC counterions and the therapeutic potential of the developed product as a wound dressing.

Kinetic and Thermodynamic Behaviors of Pseudorotaxane Formation with C3v Macrocyclic BODIPY Trimers and the Remarkable Substituent Effect on Ring-Face Selectivity.

The thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of the pseudorotaxane formation between the C3v macrocyclic BODIPY trimers and unsymmetrical secondary ammonium guests are investigated. We find a remarkable substituent effect of the BODIPY trimer on the ring-face selectivity during the threading. The difference in the small substituents (H or CH3) in the macrocyclic host molecules significantly modulated the thermodynamic and kinetic selectivity of the threading direction of the unsymmetrical ammonium ions.

m-Phenylene-Linked Dipyrrins and Their Boron-Difluoride Complexes as Variously Shaped Macrocyclic Oligomers.

The effectiveness of a m-phenylene linker, which has rigidity as well as rotational flexibility, is presented to produce a series of variously shaped macrocyclic oligomers of dipyrrins and BODIPYs, whose structures were revealed by X-ray crystallography and 1H NMR analysis. Although the chemical structures of the repeating units are the same for dipyrrin/BODIPY oligomers, their absorbance and emission properties changed significantly depending on the size and shape of the macrocycles.

Unidirectional Threading into a Bowl-Shaped Macrocyclic Trimer of Boron-Dipyrrin Complexes through Multipoint Recognition.

Bowl-shaped macrocycles have the distinctive feature that their two sides are differentiated, and thus can be developed into elaborate hosts that fix a target molecule in a controlled geometry through multipoint interactions. We now report the synthesis of a bowl-shaped macrocyclic trimer of the boron-dipyrrin (BODIPY) complex and its unidirectional threading of guest molecules. Six polarized B(δ+) -F(δ-) bonds are directed towards the center of the macrocycle, which enables strong recognition of cationic guests. Specifically, the benzylbutylammonium ion is bound in a manner in which the benzyl group is located at the convex face of the bowl and the butyl group at its concave face. Furthermore, adrenaline was strongly captured on the convex side of the bowl by hydrogen bonding, Coulomb forces, and C-H⋅⋅⋅π interactions.