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1.
Tohoku J Exp Med ; 259(4): 301-306, 2023 Mar 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36696981

RESUMO

We recently reported the decrease in the number of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer diagnoses in 2020 due to disturbance of the healthcare system by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, using a hospital-based cancer registration system in Akita prefecture, Japan. In this study, we extended the research by showing the latest data (2021) on the number of cancers and examinations. Information on the occurrence and stage of esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers was collected from the same database. The number of GI examinations (cancer screening procedures and endoscopic examinations) was also investigated. Following the immediate decrease in the numbers of both GI examinations and GI cancer diagnoses in 2020, a rebound increase in the numbers of GI cancer diagnoses-especially colorectal cancers-was observed in 2021, resulting from an increased number of GI examinations i.e., the total number of colorectal cancers in 2021 increased by 9.0% and 6.8% in comparison to 2020 and pre-pandemic era, respectively. However, the rebound increase in 2021 was largely due to an increase in early-stage cancers, and there was no apparent trend toward the increased predominance of more advanced cancers. It therefore seems that we managed to escape from the worst-case scenario of disturbance of the healthcare system due to pandemic (i.e., an increase in the number of more advanced cancers due to delayed diagnoses). We need to continue to watch the trends in Akita prefecture, which has the highest rate of mortality from the 3 major GI cancers in Japan.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Neoplasias Colorretais , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Japão/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Teste para COVID-19
2.
Scand J Gastroenterol ; 57(12): 1463-1469, 2022 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35737566

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: There are two distinct etiologies of esophago-gastric junctional adenocarcinomas (EGJACs): one associated with extensive gastric mucosal atrophy (GA), resembling non-cardiac gastric cancers; and the other related to gastro-esophageal reflux disease, resembling esophageal adenocarcinoma. In this study, we investigated the associations between the visceral fat area (VFA) and EGJACs separately in the two subtypes of EGJACs, depending on the extent of background GA. METHODS: Sixty-four consecutive patients with EGJACs (Siewert type 2) were enrolled from a population-based database in Akita Prefecture, Japan, between 2014 and 2019. Two age- and sex-matched healthy controls were randomly assigned to each EGJAC case. The extents of GA were evaluated endoscopically, and the VFA values were measured based on computed tomography images. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations between EGJACs and the VFA. RESULTS: Study subjects were classified into 2 subgroups depending on the extent of endoscopic GA: 29 (45.3%) without and 35 (54.7%) with extensive GA. Multivariable regression analyses revealed that a VFA of ≥100 cm2 was significantly associated with EGJACs in subjects without extensive GA [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.65 (1.08-6.54)], while there was no such association in subjects with extensive GA [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.52 (0.60-3.83)]. CONCLUSIONS: The contribution of the VFA to the etiology of EGJACs seems to differ depending on the extent of background GA, with the VFA more prominently associated with EGJACs in subjects without extensive GA than in those with it, providing further rationale concerning the heterogeneous nature of EGJAC etiology.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Adenocarcinoma/etiologia , Adenocarcinoma/complicações , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Esofágicas/etiologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patologia , Gordura Intra-Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Gordura Intra-Abdominal/patologia , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicações
3.
Esophagus ; 19(3): 477-485, 2022 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34993674

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: While an association between esophago-gastric junctional adenocarcinomas (EGJACs) and obesity, especially visceral obesity, has been suggested in Western countries, the association remains unclear in Asia, including Japan. In this population-based case-control study, we investigated the association between EGJACs and obesity. METHODS: To perform near-population-based data collection for all early-stage EGJACs occurring in Akita Prefecture from 2014 to 2019, clinical data, including endoscopic and computed tomography (CT) findings, were collected from 11 cancer treatment base hospitals in the area. Age- and gender-matched controls were extracted at a case-to-control ratio of 1:2 from healthy subjects who received health checkups in the same area. The visceral fat area (VFA) was calculated using CT images. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations between EGJACs and obesity-related parameters. RESULTS: In total, 74 EGJAC cases (62 males, median age of 70 years old) and 148 controls were extracted. Multivariable analyses showed a significantly negative association between the BMI and EGJACs and a significantly positive association between the VFA and EGJACs with odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of 0.65 (0.53-0.80) and 1.01 (1.01-1.02), respectively. These findings were confirmed in another dataset (40 EGJACs and 80 controls). In addition, as a categorical variable, VFA ≥ 100 cm2 showed a significantly positive association with EGJACs (OR [95% CI] 1.96 [1.02-3.76]). CONCLUSIONS: We found paradoxical associations between EGJACs and obesity-related parameters (BMI vs. VFA) in a Japanese population, suggesting a potentially pivotal role of the VFA rather than the BMI as a risk factor for EGJACs.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias Gástricas , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiologia , Adenocarcinoma/etiologia , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade Abdominal/complicações , Obesidade Abdominal/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicações , Neoplasias Gástricas/etiologia
4.
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho ; 43(11): 1405-1408, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Japonês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27899785

RESUMO

A 72-year-old man was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia and advanced esophageal cancer(cT3N3M1, clinical Stage IV, high-moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma). He was started on remission induction chemotherapy and postremission therapy provided according to the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group's AML201 protocols. His acute myeloid leukemia showed a complete response. After that, he was administered radiotherapy for esophageal cancer and showed a partial response. One year after treatment, he developed a local recurrence of esophageal cancer. A salvage operation was performed at another hospital, and his postoperative course was uneventful. A case of acute myeloid leukemia with advanced esophageal cancer is rare and has a poor prognosis, but we could improve the prognosis and quality of life.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/terapia , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Biópsia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/radioterapia , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico por imagem , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Masculino , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/diagnóstico por imagem , Qualidade de Vida , Resultado do Tratamento
5.
Intern Med ; 55(12): 1565-8, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27301506

RESUMO

A small number of cases of small bowel obstruction caused by foods without the formation of phytobezoars have been reported. Repeated small bowel obstruction due to the ingestion of the same food is extremely rare. We present the case of 63-year-old woman who developed small bowel obstruction twice due to the ingestion of chestnuts without the formation of phytobezoars. This is the first reported case of repeated small bowel obstruction caused by chestnut ingestion. Careful interviews are necessary to determine the meal history of elderly patients and psychiatric patients.


Assuntos
Aesculus , Corpos Estranhos/complicações , Obstrução Intestinal/etiologia , Doenças do Jejuno/etiologia , Jejuno/diagnóstico por imagem , Bezoares/etiologia , Ingestão de Alimentos , Feminino , Corpos Estranhos/diagnóstico , Humanos , Obstrução Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Jejuno/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
6.
Clin J Gastroenterol ; 7(3): 247-50, 2014 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26183745

RESUMO

A 65-year-old male was admitted for hemorrhagic gastric ulcer. Since anti-Helicobacter pylori-immunoglobulin G antibody tested positive, eradication therapy was administered using rabeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin. During hospitalization, colonoscopy showed normal colonic mucosa except for a polyp of the sigmoid colon. He was discharged 4 days after finishing eradication therapy, but fever up and diarrhea appeared on the following day. After re-admission, colonoscopy revealed multiple yellowish-white, small circular membranous elevations, and a diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis was made. He was successfully treated by oral administration of vancomycin. Concomitant use of antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor for a hospitalized patient is a risk for pseudomembranous colitis. However, H. pylori eradication therapy should be started at re-introduction of oral feeding in cases of bleeding ulcers because rebleeding can be mortal in patients in 'poor general condition'. Physicians should consider pseudomembranous colitis as a diagnosis for the patients with diarrhea and high fever following H. pylori eradication therapy.


Assuntos
Colonoscopia , Enterocolite Pseudomembranosa/diagnóstico , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori , Idoso , Enterocolite Pseudomembranosa/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Indução de Remissão , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
7.
Hepatogastroenterology ; 59(113): 304-6, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22251550

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Patients with gastric cancer in some Asian populations were infected more frequently with hrgA-positive H. pylori. The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of hrgA to predict the clinical outcome of H. pylori infection. METHODOLOGY: Forty four patients with gastric cancer (35 intestinal and 9 diffuse type cancer) and 51 control subjects were studied. Presence of hrgA gene in H. pylori strains isolated from biopsy specimens was examined by PCR. Biopsy specimens were also obtained for histological assessment of gastritis. RESULTS: Nine of 44 patients with gastric cancer (20.4%) and 11 of 51 control subjects (21.6%) were infected with hrgA-positive strain (NS). In patients with gastric cancer, prevalence of hrgA-positive strain was 20.0% in patients with intestinal type cancer (7/35) and 22.2% with diffuse type cancer (2/9) (NS). In control subjects, the prevalence of hrgA-positive infection was not associated with gastric mucosal inflammatory infiltration and glandular atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Infection with hrgA-positive strain was not frequent among patients with gastric cancer. Presence of hrgA gene would not be a useful marker to predict clinical outcome of patients infected with H. pylori in this series of Japanese patients.


Assuntos
Desoxirribonucleases de Sítio Específico do Tipo II/genética , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/microbiologia , Estômago/microbiologia , Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Biópsia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Infecções por Helicobacter/patologia , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , RNA Ribossômico 23S/genética , Estômago/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia
8.
Biol Trace Elem Res ; 144(1-3): 396-406, 2011 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21691799

RESUMO

We evaluated the relationships between neutrophil-related functions and serum selenium (Se) concentration in the general population. We examined 800 subjects who had participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project in 2005 to determine the relationships between serum Se concentration and neutrophil-related functions such as the production capability of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phagocytic activity, and serum opsonic activity (SOA). In nonstimulated neutrophils, i.e., in neutrophils at their baseline condition before the application of the phagocytic stimulus, the serum Se concentration tends to be high and the ROS production tends to be low. With regard to SOA, there was a significant negative correlation between lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence and serum Se concentration in both men and women. Moreover, in women, a significant negative correlation was observed between luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and serum Se concentration. These results suggest that subjects with a lower serum Se concentration may be exposed to a greater chronic oxidative stress due to neutrophil ROS production. In addition, the findings of our study suggest that women rather than men benefit more from Se against oxidative stress.


Assuntos
Neutrófilos/fisiologia , Selênio/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/sangue , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Separação Celular , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Luminescência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Opsonizantes/sangue , Estresse Oxidativo , Fagocitose , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/sangue , Caracteres Sexuais , Fumar/sangue , Zimosan
9.
Luminescence ; 26(3): 162-6, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21681908

RESUMO

We have evaluated the relationship between exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) level and neutrophil-related functions such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capability, phagocytic activity and serum opsonic activity in the general population. Serum opsonic activity was determined by measuring the effects of serum on neutrophil ROS production capability using lucigenin- and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LgCL, LmCL). LgCL is associated with the detection of O(2)(-) , whereas LmCL mainly detects H(2)O(2) and HOCl, which are higher reactive oxygen radicals. In females, exhaled CO level was found to have positive associations with ROS production capability and LgCL. However, the opposite tendency was seen between exhaled CO level and LmCL in both genders. This result suggests that neutrophil ROS production in females may have contributed to oxidative stress, which led to the increases in intrinsic CO and exhaled CO consequently. Such changes then may have inhibited the process of changing reactive oxygen radicals into higher oxidizing potential levels.


Assuntos
Monóxido de Carbono/análise , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Testes Respiratórios , Monóxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Expiração , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Medições Luminescentes , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutrófilos/química , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem
10.
J Trace Elem Med Biol ; 24(4): 236-42, 2010 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20832272

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A number of previous studies had revealed the association between trace elements in serum and bronchial asthma. However, only a few researches had focused on serum concentration of trace elements in a general population. In this study, an association between trace elements in serum and bronchial asthma was investigated in a general population. METHODS: Subjects were 1025 volunteers (385 males and 640 females between ages 19 and 82 years old) who had participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project 2005. Bronchial asthma was diagnosed based on the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II according to the self-questionnaires on health conditions of subjects. The serum concentrations of certain trace elements (manganese, copper, zinc, selenium and iron) were measured and compared. Also, an association between serum trace elements level and neutrophil-related functions (oxidative burst activity, phagocytic activity, serum opsonic activity) were determined. RESULTS: In males, no significant differences were seen in any serum trace elements concentrations. In females, serum zinc level was significantly higher in bronchial asthma group than in control. A positive correlation was seen between serum concentration of zinc and serum opsonic activity in both genders. CONCLUSIONS: In female asthmatics, increase of oxidative stress was suggested to be caused by superoxide dismutase pathway (elimination system of reactive oxygen species) rather than serum opsonic activity (production system of reactive oxygen species from neutrophils) pathway, as the zinc concentration in bronchial asthma group was higher than that in control.


Assuntos
Asma/sangue , Oligoelementos/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Povo Asiático , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Oxidativo , Adulto Jovem , Zinco/sangue
11.
Luminescence ; 23(3): 132-8, 2008.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18452131

RESUMO

Helicobacter pylori infection has been reported to cause enhanced reactive oxygen species in the gastric mucosa. We examined the relationship between H. pylori infection and neutrophil function of peripheral blood. The subjects were 904 volunteers who participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project in 2005. 158 subjects who were infected with H. pylori in 2005 also participated in this project in 2006 and were categorized into two groups: the eradication group, in which H. pylori was successfully eradicated during the 12 month period, and the non-eradication group, in which eradication was unsuccessful or the subjects did not receive eradication therapy. The laboratory assays performed were: a titre of H. pylori antibody; neutrophil counts; and oxidative burst activity (OBA) of neutrophils. Logistic regression analysis was executed, with H. pylori infection as the dependent variable and other items as the independent variables. OBA showed an inverse association with H. pylori infection in 2005. Additionally, when comparing the eradication and non-eradication groups, the change rates of OBA between 2005 and 2006 did not show any significant difference. It was concluded that H. pylori infection does not lower OBA, but those individuals in whom OBA was lower were more prone to H. pylori infection.


Assuntos
Suscetibilidade a Doenças/etiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/etiologia , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Explosão Respiratória/imunologia , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas , Helicobacter pylori , Humanos , Neutrófilos/citologia
12.
Luminescence ; 23(5): 281-6, 2008.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18452137

RESUMO

In order to develop a predictive marker of overtraining in athletes, we examined the changes in neutrophil function [reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capability and phagocytic activity (PA)] for 10 male and 13 female judoists attending a training camp. Measurements were taken four times in total--immediately before and after a 2 h unified exercise loading (UEL) performed 1 day before (Pre-Camp) and the day after the 7 day training camp (Post-Camp). UEL-mediated aspartate aminotransferase was higher at Post-Camp than at Pre-Camp in females but not in males. Post-Camp leukocyte/neutrophil counts after the UEL significantly increased in females but not in males. The rate of change in C4 was significantly smaller in females than in males at Post-Camp. Only ROS significantly decreased without any compensation (increase in PA) being made at Post-Camp in females. In conclusion, this finding, namely that ROS significantly decreased only at Post-Camp without any compensatory mechanism (increase in PA), would suggest that the training camp imposed greater loading on females than males. This consideration was supported by the atypical aspartate aminotransferase, leukocyte/neutrophil counts and C4 findings which were seen at Post-Camp only in females. Therefore, regularly examining neutrophil functions such as ROS and PA might be a good preventative measure against overtraining in athletes participating in training camps.


Assuntos
Neutrófilos/fisiologia , Educação Física e Treinamento/normas , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Adulto , Biomarcadores , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Artes Marciais , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Fagócitos/imunologia , Fagócitos/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/análise , Fatores Sexuais
13.
Public Health ; 122(9): 891-6, 2008 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18420238

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of cigarette smoking among Japanese men has been consistently high compared with males in Western countries over the past 30 years. However, during the same period, the incidence and mortality rates for lung cancer have been consistently lower in Japan than in Western countries, which has been termed the 'Japanese smoking paradox'. The odds ratio/relative risk of cigarette smoking for lung cancer mortality and incidence for the same number of cigarettes smoked per capita in Japan have been lower than those in Western countries. This difference in the odds ratio/relative risk is likely to be the main reason for the Japanese smoking paradox. The aim of this study was to clarify the reason for the difference in the odds ratio/relative risk between Japan and the USA. STUDY DESIGN: Literature review to compare environmental, hereditary and other factors that may be related to lung cancer in Japan and the USA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The main factors likely to have brought about the difference in the odds ratio/relative risk between Japan and the USA (and perhaps other Western countries as well) are: lower alcohol consumption by Japanese males; lower fat intake by Japanese males; higher efficiency of filters on Japanese cigarettes; lower levels of carcinogenic ingredients in Japanese cigarettes; and lung-cancer-resistant hereditary factors among Japanese males.


Assuntos
Características Culturais , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Fumar/epidemiologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/etnologia , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/etnologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fumar/etnologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
14.
Luminescence ; 23(1): 49-53, 2008.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18175295

RESUMO

The present study examined the effects of judo training on neutrophil and related functions. We measured and studied changes in the neutrophil and its related functions in 22 male university judoists immediately before (Pre values) and immediately after (Post values) a 2 h training session: reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capability, phagocytic activities (PA) and serum opsonic activity (SOA). Neutrophil count in whole blood, myogenic enzymes (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase), immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) and complements (C3 and C4) in serum were also measured. The Post values of the neutrophil count, myogenic enzymes and IgG increased significantly compared with the Pre values. ROS production capability and SOA also significantly increased following training, although PA showed a slight decrease (but not statistically significant). Taking the findings of our previous studies into consideration, three major neutrophil or related functions, namely ROS production capability, PA and SOA, might compensate for each other to maintain the overall integrity of the neutrophil immune function, in that ROS and SOA increased to compensate for the slight decrease in PA, or PA slightly decreased to compensate for the increase in ROA and SOA after exercise.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Artes Marciais/fisiologia , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Adulto , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Peso Corporal , Creatina Quinase/sangue , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas/sangue , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , Contagem de Leucócitos , Medições Luminescentes/métodos , Masculino , Proteínas Opsonizantes/sangue , Proteínas Opsonizantes/metabolismo , Fagócitos/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
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