Riscos de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 e COVID-19 em mulheres com síndrome dos ovários policísticos / Risks of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 infection in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Esta revisão narrativa teve como objetivo avaliar possíveis riscos da associação entre a infecção por SARS-CoV-2 (causa da COVID-19) e as características metabólicas e endócrinas frequentemente encontradas em mulheres com a síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP). A COVID-19 é mais grave em indivíduos com obesidade, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia e hipertensão arterial. Como essas condições são comorbidades comumente associadas à SOP, foi hipotetizado que mulheres com SOP teriam maior risco de adquirir COVID-19 e desenvolver formas clínicas mais graves da doença. Considerando vários estudos epidemiológicos, a presente revisão mostra que mulheres com SOP têm risco 28% a 50% maior de serem infectadas pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 em todas as idades e que, nessas mulheres, a COVID-19 está associada a maiores taxas de hospitalização, morbidade e mortalidade, especialmente naquelas com alterações no metabolismo de carboidratos e lipídios, hiperandrogenemia e aumento do tecido adiposo visceral. Os mecanismos que explicam o maior risco de infecção por COVID-19 em mulheres com SOP são considerados.(AU)

Polycystic ovary syndrome and risks for COVID-19 infection: A comprehensive review : PCOS and COVID-19 relationship.

This comprehensive review aimed to evaluate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection (the cause of coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19) and the metabolic and endocrine characteristics frequently found in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In the general population, COVID-19 is more severe in subjects with dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and arterial hypertension. Because these conditions are comorbidities commonly associated with PCOS, it was hypothesized that women with PCOS would be at higher risk for acquiring COVID-19 and developing more severe clinical presentations. This hypothesis was confirmed in several epidemiological studies. The present review shows that women with PCOS are at 28%-50% higher risk of being infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus at all ages and that, in these women, COVID-19 is associated with increased rates of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. We summarize the mechanisms of the higher risk of COVID-19 infection in women with PCOS, particularly in those with carbohydrate and lipid abnormal metabolism, hyperandrogenism, and central obesity.

Adrenal Androgen Predictive Effects on Clinical and Metabolic Abnormalities of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the possible effects of adrenal prohormones in the prediction of clinical and metabolic abnormalities in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: The present study enrolled 299 normal cycling non-PCOS, 156 normoandrogenemic, and 474 hyperandrogenemic women with PCOS. Baseline characteristics were compared using a chi-squared test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) as appropriate. The roles of adrenal prohormones and their ratios with total testosterone in predicting co-occurring morbidities in women PCOS were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Adrenal hyperandrogenism per dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels were found in 32% of women with PCOS. In non-PCOS women, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate had no predictive role concerning clinical, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters. In PCOS women, mainly in the hyperandrogenemic group, DHEA showed to be a significant predictor against most anthropometric-metabolic index abnormalities (odds ratio [OR] = 0.36-0.97; p < 0.05), and an increase in triglycerides (TG) levels (OR = 0.76; p = 0.006). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate presented a few predictive effects regarding PCOS-associated disorders. In controls, DHEAS predicted against the increase in estimated average glucose (OR= 0.38; p = 0.036). In the normoandrogenic group, it predicted against elevation in the waist/hip ratio (WHR) (OR= 0.59; p = 0.042), and in hyperandrogenemic PCOS women, it predicted against abnormality in the conicity index (CI) (OR = 0.31; p = 0.028). CONCLUSION: Dehydroepiandrosterone was shown to be a better predictor of abnormal anthropometric and biochemical parameters in women with PCOS than DHEAS. Thus, regarding adrenal prohormones, DHEA measurement, instead of DHEAS, should be preferred in PCOS management. The effects of androgen prohormones on the prediction of PCOS abnormalities are weak.

OBJETIVO: Examinar os possíveis efeitos dos pró-hormônios adrenais na predição de alterações clínicas e metabólicas em mulheres com síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP). MéTODOS: O presente estudo envolveu 299 mulheres com ciclos menstruais regulares e 630 mulheres com SOP, sendo 156 normoandrogenêmicas e 474 hiperandrogenêmicas. As variáveis incluídas como objeto do estudo foram comparadas entre os grupos usando o teste de qui-quadrado ou análise de variância (ANOVA, na sigla em inglês). Os impactos dos pró-hormônios adrenais e suas razões com a testosterona total na predição de comorbidades em mulheres com SOP foram determinados por regressão logística univariada e multivariada. RESULTADOS: Hiperandrogenismo adrenal foi encontrado em 32% das mulheres com SOP. Nos controles, a dehidroepiandrosterona e seu sulfato (DHEAS) não mostraram significância na predição das alterações clínicas, antropométricas e metabólicas. Em mulheres com SOP, principalmente no grupo de mulheres com hiperandrogenemia, a dehidroepiandrosterona (DHEA) mostrou ser um preditor significante da maioria das anormalidades nos índices antropométrico-metabólicos (odds ratio [OR] = 0,36­0,97; p < 0,05) e aumento nos níveis de triglicerídeos (TG) (OR = 0,76; p = 0,006). A DHEAS apresentou ter pouco valor na predição dos distúrbios associados à SOP; nas mulheres com androgênios elevados, restringiu-se à predição da elevação do índice de conicidade (IC) (OR = 0,31; p = 0,028). CONCLUSãO: A DHEA mostrou ser um melhor preditor na identificação das alterações dos parâmetros antropométricos e bioquímicos em mulheres com SOP do que o seu sulfato. Assim, em relação aos pró-hormônios adrenais, a dosagem de DHEA, em vez de DHEAS, parece ser mais útil no manejo da SOP. O papel dos pró-hormônios adrenais na predição de anormalidades antropométricas e metabólicas da SOP é limitado.

The connection of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein inflammatory marker with anthropometric, hormonal, and metabolic characteristic of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

AIM: To investigate the connection of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein inflammatory biomarker with clinical, hormonal, and metabolic characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and normal cycling controls. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 235 women with PCOS and 92 normal cycling controls attended between 2008 and 2018. Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein levels were correlated with clinical, anthropometric, anthropometric-metabolic indexes, and hormones of women with PCOS and controls. Simple and multivariate stepwise linear regression, matched for age and body mass index confounding variables, was performed. RESULTS: Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein levels were higher in women with PCOS (p = 0.0016). In controls, it was positively correlated with waist circumference, fat mass, body adiposity index, and lipid accumulation product, and negatively correlated with sex hormone-binding globulin (p < 0.005 for all comparisons). In PCOS, it was positively correlated with testosterone, most biomarkers of central adiposity, homeostatic model assessment of insulin-resistant, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and negatively correlated with sex hormone-binding globulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose/insulin ratio, and lymphocytes (p < 0.055 for all comparisons). After multivariate regression in women with PCOS, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein retained a significant positive correlation with erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS: In PCOS, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein is correlated with biomarkers of adiposity, carbohydrate metabolism, and total testosterone. This inflammatory marker is also correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, frequent markers of an inflammation state.