A 5-hour follow-up of the impact on ageing facial signs of some foundations in Japanese women through automatically analysed selfie pictures.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possibility of an automatic grading algorithm to detect and quantify, from selfie pictures, the subtle changes of facial signs brought by the application of a foundation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 270 Japanese differently aged women (30-54y) living in four different Japanese cities took selfies before, immediately and 5 h after having applied their own foundation, with their own routine. RESULTS: The analysis of 810 selfie pictures revealed (3 times × 270 women) that, prior to applications, all women presented a low grade of facial ageing. In most cases, the severities of less marked facial signs were detected and quantified, found affected by routine at different extents in all age-classes, but more intensely in the older age-class (45-54y) despite their more pronounced signs in bare skin status. In contrast, periorbital wrinkles were detected as more severe in all age-classes at both timing, that is, immediately and 5 h post-application as well as Nasolabial folds 5 h post-application. The amplitude of these positive or negative changes, although found of low amplitude, as decimals of the initial grades, was significantly detected. CONCLUSION: This automatic system appears apt at grading subtle changes in facial ageing signs brought by a foundation and could be a valuable help to the consumers of make-up products, in refining their individual procedure to obtain a more personalized desired facial appearance.

OBJECTIF: Explorer la possibilité pour un algorithme de scorage automatique des signes faciaux de détecter et quantifier sur la base de photographies 'selfies', les changements subtils apportés par l'application et la tenue de fonds de teint. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES: 270 femmes japonaises âgées de 30 à 54 ans et vivant dans 4 villes différentes ont pris des selfies sur la base de leur smartphone avant, immédiatement et 5 heures après avoir appliqué leurs routines cosmétiques incluant leur propre fond de teint. RÉSULTATS: L'analyse des 810 selfies (3 temps×270 femmes) a révélé que, avant application, la plupart des femmes présentent des grades faibles de vieillissement facial. Dans la plupart des cas, les sévérités des signes les moins marqués, détectés et quantifiés, a été trouvée affectée à différents niveaux dans toutes les classes d'âge, mais plus intensément pour les volontaires les plus âgées (45 à 54 ans) en dépit de leurs valeurs plus élevées sur peau nue. A contrario, les rides péri-orbitales ont été mesurées comme plus sévères dans toutes les classes d'âge à tous les temps, c'est-à-dire immédiatement et 5 heures apprès application du fond de teint tandis que le sillon nasogénien a été observé comme plus sévère 5 heures après application. L'amplitude de ces changements positifs ou négatifs, bien que faible avec des valeurs décimales des grades initiaux, a été significativement détectée. CONCLUSIONS: Le système de scorage automatique apparaît capable d'évaluer des changements subtils dans les signes de vieillissement faciaux apportés par l'application de fonds de teint et se révèle une aide intéressante aux consommateurs de produits de maquillage pour affiner leurs routines individuelles afin d'obtenir des résultats plus personnalisés sur l'apparence désirée.

A preliminary study to understand the effects of mask on tinted face cosmetics.

BACKGROUND: The recent COVID-19 pandemic has generalized the use of face mask in public area, and it is now common to wear it for long hours. But face mask interfere with cosmetics, and key concerns for tinted products are staining of the mask and degradation on face. Consumers have modified beauty routine by a decrease of makeup, but are now expecting new products adapted to face mask. Little is known about the mechanisms that affect most the makeup under the face mask, so that further studies are needed to develop adequate evaluation methods and products. In this study, the color transfer on mask and makeup degradation on face are assessed through a mixed approach of consumer and instrumental evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two tinted face products (A and B) were applied by half face on 11 Japanese women, who conducted real-life activities with a face mask during 4 hours. Panelists evaluated the stain of their face mask by visual assessment, while the makeup degradation on face was evaluated by color measurement by instrumental method. RESULTS: No difference was observed between the two products for lasting on face, but consumer evaluation showed a better resistance of product A for color transfer on mask. CONCLUSION: The mix of instrumental and consumer evaluation is a promising way to evaluate the makeup degradation on face and color transfer on mask, which are two key factors to develop mask resistant makeup products.

Japanese experiment of a complete and objective automatic grading system of facial signs from selfie pictures: Validation with dermatologists and characterization of changes due to age and sun exposures.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the capacity of the automatic detection system to accurately grade, from smartphones' selfie pictures, the severity of ten facial signs in Japanese women and their changes due to age and sun exposures. METHODS: A three-step approach was conducted, based on self-taken selfie images. At first, to check on 310 Japanese women (18-69 years) enrolled in the northerner Hokkaido area (latitude 43.2°N), how, on ten facial signs, the A.I-based automatic grading system may correlate with dermatological assessments, taken as reference. Second, to assess and compare age changes in 310 Japanese and 112 Korean women. Third, as these Japanese panelists were recruited according to their usual behavior toward sun exposure, that is, non-sun-phobic (NSP, N = 114) and sun-phobic (SP, N = 196), and through their regular and early use of a photo-protective product, to characterize the facial photo-damages. RESULTS: (a) On the ten facial signs, detected automatically, nine were found significantly (P < .0001) highly correlated with the evaluations made by three Japanese dermatologists (Wrinkles: r = .75; Sagging: r = .80; Pigmentation: r = .75). (b) The automatic scores showed significant changes with age, by decade, of Wrinkles/Texture, Pigmentation, and Ptosis/Sagging (P < .05). (c) After 45 years, a significantly increased severity of Wrinkles/Texture and Pigmentation was observed in NSP vs. SP women (P < .05). A trend of an increased Ptosis/Sagging (P = .09) was observed. CONCLUSION: This work illustrates, for the first time through investigations conducted at home, some impacts of aging and sun exposures on facial signs of Japanese women. Results significantly confirm the importance of sun avoidance coupled with photo-protective measures. In epidemiological studies, the AI-based system offers a fast, affordable, and confidential approach in detection and quantification of facial signs and their dependence with ages, environments and lifestyles.

Capillary high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry using a novel nanoflow gradient generator.

A type of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) based on a novel nanoflow gradient generator (Asymptotic-Trace-10-Port-Valve (AT10PV) nanoGR generator) was developed and coupled with an electrospray ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ESI-IT-TOF MS). Stability of the nanoflow GR HPLC system was tested at flow rates of 20 and 50 nL/min by using a nanoflow meter. Average flow rates in a 2-h run were 51.2 nL/min with RSD 0.7% and 21.0 nL/min with RSD 1.8%. Repeatability of analysis of the nanoHPLC/ESI-IT-TOF MS system was also tested by injecting 1.0 microL of trypsin digested bovine serum albumin (BSA) (100 fmol) into a monolithic silica-ODS column (30 microm i.d., 150 mm in length) through a packed silica-ODS trapping column (particle size 5 microm, 150 microm i.d., 10 mm in length). At a flow rate of 50 nL/min, the result demonstrated a reasonably good repeatability of peak retention times (RSD: 0.32-1.1%) and base-ion peak areas (RSD: 4.4-6.6%).

Tissue distribution of and species differences in deacetylation of N-acetyl-L-cysteine and immunohistochemical localization of acylase I in the primate kidney.

Species differences in the biotransformation of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) have been investigated to evaluate the usefulness of NAC as a constituent in parenteral nutrition solutions in place of cysteine. The activity of NAC-deacetylating enzyme (acylase) was measured in various tissues of different species (rat, rabbit, dog, monkey, and man). Acylase activity was highest in the kidney in all species studied. Enzyme activity in the liver was 10 %-22 % of that in the kidney in the rat, rabbit, monkey, and man, but almost no hepatic activity was seen in the dog. NAC-deacetylating activity was very low in other organs. The tissue distribution of acylase I was determined by Western blotting and an immunohistochemical method employing specific antibody against porcine acylase I (EC 3.5.1.14). The immunoblotting study showed a 46-kDa protein band corresponding to porcine acylase I in the kidney of all species. In liver cytosol, 46 kDa and/or 29 kDa bands were observed in the rat, rabbit, monkey, and man, but not in the dog. In the immunohistochemical study, positive staining with anti-acylase I antibody was observed clearly in the renal proximal tubules in the monkey and man. These results suggested that the kidney and liver were the main organs responsible for the biotransformation of NAC to cysteine in mammals other than the dog.