Correlation of REG1A, Claudin 7 and Ki67 expressions with tumor recurrence and prognostic factors in superficial urothelial urinary bladder carcinomas.

Aim: Superficial urothelial urinary bladder tumors are neoplasms that frequently recur and have a potential for invasion and metastasis. REG gene family is composed of various acute phase reactants, lectins, antiapoptotic factors, and growth factors that are effective on pancreatic island cells, neural cells, and epithelial cells. REG1A and REG1B are two forms of the human REG1 gene. It is reported that they are expressed in several cancers and are correlated with the prognosis of the patient. Claudins are integral transmembrane proteins that interconnect cells. However, their role in human tumorigenesis is extremely controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship of REG1A, claudin 7 protein expressions, and Ki67 proliferation index in superficial urothelial urinary bladder tumors with well-known parameters of prognosis and tumor recurrence, and also to clarify whether these parameters are independent prognostic factors or not. Materials and Methods: A hundred and eleven patients diagnosed with superficial urothelial carcinoma between 2011 and 2016 years in our hospital and followed up in our urology clinic were included in this study. The slides prepared from paraffin blocks were immunohistochemically stained with REG1A, claudin 7, and Ki67 antibodies. Results: REG1A showed positive staining in 37 (33%) and negative staining in 74 (67%) of urothelial tumors. Claudin 7 was positive in 24 (22%) and negative in 87 (78%) cases. REG1A expression showed a positive correlation with tumor stage and tumor recurrence; a high Ki67 proliferation index was positively correlated with tumor stage and grade. The loss of claudin 7 expression was related to tumor recurrence. Besides, tumors with REG1A expression and claudin 7 loss had a shorter survival independent of recurrence. Conclusion: In urothelial tumors, REG1A expression and loss of claudin 7 might be significant markers of prognosis that predict tumor recurrence.

Utilization of Wilms' tumor 1 antigen in a panel for differential diagnosis of ovarian carcinomas.

OBJECTIVE: Ovarian metasteses are often mistaken for primary adenocarcinoma. Studies conducted in recent years have focused on a search for an immunohistochemical marker to aid the differential diagnosis primary and metastatic ovarian carcinoma. Our study objective was to study the usefulness of Wilms tumor 1 (WT 1) antigen in this context. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at the pathology clinic of Lütfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital. Deparaffinated blocks of 40 epithelial ovarian tumors, 40 colon adenocarcinomas, and 35 cases of omentum metastases were studied. Cytokeratin 7 (CK 7), cytokeratin 20 (CK 20), and WT 1 were applied to all specimens. RESULTS: All ovarian adenocarcinomas were stained with CK 7 (100%). Colorectal adenocarcinomas were stained positive with CK 20 in 87.5% of cases. Primary ovarian adenocarcinomas stained positive with WT 1 in 82.5% of the cases and none of the colorectal adenocarcinomas showed staining with WT 1 (0%). CONCLUSION: WT 1 can be used in conjuction with CK 7 in the differential diagnosis of ovarian carcinomas.

Association between human papillomavirus and endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Several studies have suggested a possible role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma. The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of HPV DNA in endometrium cancers and nonneoplastic endometrium. Sixty endometrial adenocarcinomas with and without squamous differentiation and the nonneoplastic endometrium tissue of fifty-six of the same patients were analyzed for the presence of family 16 and family 6 HPV DNA by using chromogenic in situ hybridization technique on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded archival samples, and the results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction method. HPV DNA was not detected either in the endometrial adenocarcinoma with or without squamous differentiation, or in the nonneoplastic endometrium tissue. It appears that HPV does not play any role in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma, since endometrium may not to be a suitable host for HPV replication.