RESUMO
Interspecific hybridizations promote gene transfer between species and play an important role in plant speciation and crop improvement. However, hybrid sterility that commonly found in the first generation of hybrids hinders the utilization of interspecific hybridization. The combination of divergent parental genomes can create extensive transcriptome variations, and to determine these gene expression alterations and their effects on hybrids, an interspecific Brassica hybrid of B. carinata × B. napus was generated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that some of the hybrid pollen grains were irregular in shape and exhibited abnormal exine patterns compared with those from the parents. Using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform, 39,598, 32,403 and 42,208 genes were identified in flower buds of B. carinata cv. W29, B. napus cv. Zhongshuang 11 and their hybrids, respectively. The differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in pollen wall assembly, pollen exine formation, pollen development, pollen tube growth, pollination, gene transcription, macromolecule methylation and translation, which might be associated with impaired fertility in the F1 hybrid. These results will shed light on the mechanisms underlying the low fertility of the interspecific hybrids and expand our knowledge of interspecific hybridization.
Assuntos
Brassica/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Genoma de Planta/genética , Transcriptoma , Brassica/fisiologia , Brassica/ultraestrutura , Brassica napus/genética , Brassica napus/fisiologia , Brassica napus/ultraestrutura , Quimera , Análise por Conglomerados , Flores/genética , Flores/fisiologia , Flores/ultraestrutura , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Biblioteca Gênica , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Hibridização Genética , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Pólen/genética , Pólen/fisiologia , Pólen/ultraestrutura , RNA de Plantas/química , RNA de Plantas/genética , Análise de Sequência de RNARESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect and safety of a single treatment using molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) on patients with chronic liver failure. METHODS: The effect of MARS artificial liver system in 60 cases of chronic liver failure was reviewed. The liver function, renal function, blood coagulation index, peripheral blood routine and serum electrolytes were determined before and after treatment with MARS. In 32 patients, side effects were looked for during MARS treatment and were observed. RESULTS: The levels of serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, non-conjugated bilirubin and total bile acid were significantly decreased respectively in patients after treatment with MARS for 8 hours (all P<0.05). There were no differences in the levels of serum albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), blood routine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), prothrombin activity (PTA) and renal function before and after MARS treatment (all P>0.05). There were no significant differences in serum electrolytes indexes after MARS treatment except for carbon dioxide combining power (CO(2) CP). Vital signs were stable before and after the treatment. No significant side effects were observed. Thirty-two patients with MARS therapy were followed up for 1 month. Among them, 14 patients died within 1 month (43.7%, 14/32 cases), while 18 patients survived (56.3%, 18/32 cases). CONCLUSION: MARS is one of the complementary methods that are safe and effective for patients with chronic liver failure.
